19.2.5 GPU Implementations and Algorithms for Image Processing and Computer Vision

Chapter Contents (Back)
GPU. Generally the implementation of an algorithm.

OpenVidia,
Online2006.
WWW Version. Code, Open Source. Code, GPU. Code, Computer Vision. Opensource computer vision algorithms for computer graphics hardware. Uses OpenGL, Cg, CUDA. Primarily from the Toronto group. See also University of Toronto. BibRef 0600

GPU4Vision,
Online2009.
WWW Version. Code, Computer Vision. Code, GPU. Opensource computer vision algorithms for NVIDIA hardware. See also Graz University of Technology. BibRef 0900

AccelerEyes,
2008
WWW Version. Code, Computer Vision. Code, GPU. Matlab toolbox to generate code for GPUs.

Babenko, P.[Pavel], Shah, M.[Mubarak],
MinGPU: a minimum GPU library for computer vision,
RealTimeIP(3), No. 4, December 2008, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0811
BibRef

Gobron, S.[Stéphane], Devillard, F.[François], Heit, B.[Bernard],
Retina simulation using cellular automata and GPU programming,
MVA(18), No. 6, December 2007, pp. 331-342.
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Ho, T.Y.[Tze-Yui], Lam, P.M.[Ping-Man], Leung, C.S.[Chi-Sing],
Parallelization of cellular neural networks on GPU,
PR(41), No. 8, August 2008, pp. 2684-2692.
WWW Version. 0805
Cellular neural networks; SIMD; GPU BibRef

Aiger, D.[Dror], Kedem, K.[Klara],
A GPU-based Algorithm For Approximately Finding The Largest Common Point Set In The Plane Under Similarity Transformation,
IJIG(9), No. 2, April 2009, pp. 287-298. 0905
See also Approximate input sensitive algorithms for point pattern matching. BibRef

Kim, K.H.[Kwan-Ho], Lee, S.J.[Seung-Jin], Kim, J.Y.[Joo-Young], Kim, M.[Minsu], Yoo, H.J.[Hoi-Jun],
A Configurable Heterogeneous Multicore Architecture With Cellular Neural Network for Real-Time Object Recognition,
CirSysVideo(19), No. 11, November 2009, pp. 1612-1622.
IEEE DOI Link 0912
Neural network approach to recognition. BibRef

Topping, R.[Rusty],
Graphics processing units revolutionize hyperspectral data processing,
SPIE(Newsroom), October 29, 2009.
WWW Version. 0910
Advanced image-processing algorithms achieve improvements in performance of up to two orders of magnitude compared with current optimal implementations. BibRef

Quinton, J.C.[Jean-Charles],
A generic library for structured real-time computations: GPU implementation applied to retinal and cortical vision processes,
MVA(21), No. 4, June 2010, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Liu, Y.[Yongchao], Schmidt, B.[Bertil], Liu, W.G.[Wei-Guo], Maskell, D.L.[Douglas L.],
CUDA-MEME: Accelerating motif discovery in biological sequences using CUDA-enabled graphics processing units,
PRL(31), No. 14, 15 October 2010, pp. 2170-2177.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 1003
CUDA; MEME; GPU; Motif discovery BibRef

Lu, P.J.[Peter J.], Oki, H.[Hidekazu], Frey, C.A.[Catherine A.], Chamitoff, G.E.[Gregory E.], Chiao, L.[Leroy], Fincke, E.M.[Edward M.], Foale, C.M.[C. Michael], Magnus, S.H.[Sandra H.], McArthur Jr., W.S.[William S.], Tani, D.M.[Daniel M.], Whitson, P.A.[Peggy A.], Williams, J.N.[Jeffrey N.], Meyer, W.V.[William V.], Sicker, R.J.[Ronald J.], Au, B.J.[Brion J.], Christiansen, M.[Mark], Schofield, A.B.[Andrew B.], Weitz, D.A.[David A.],
Orders-of-magnitude performance increases in GPU-accelerated correlation of images from the International Space Station,
RealTimeIP(5), No. 3, September 2010, pp. 179-193.
WWW Version. 1011
BibRef

Park, I.K.[In Kyu], Germann, M.[Marcel], Breitenstein, M.D.[Michael D.], Pfister, H.[Hanspeter],
Fast and automatic object pose estimation for range images on the GPU,
MVA(21), No. 5, August 2010, pp. 749-766.
WWW Version. 1011
BibRef

van de Sande, K.E.A., Gevers, T., Snoek, C.G.M.,
Empowering Visual Categorization With the GPU,
MultMed(13), No. 1, 2011, pp. 60-70.
IEEE DOI Link 1102
BibRef

Schmid, J.[Jérôme], Guitián, J.A.I.[José A. Iglesias], Gobbetti, E.[Enrico], Magnenat-Thalmann, N.[Nadia],
A GPU framework for parallel segmentation of volumetric images using discrete deformable models,
VC(27), No. 2, February 2011, pp. 85-95.
WWW Version. 1103
BibRef

Zhao, Y.[Yong], Taubin, G.[Gabriel],
Real-time stereo on GPGPU using progressive multi-resolution adaptive windows,
IVC(29), No. 6, May 2011, pp. 420-432.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 1104
Real-time stereo; GPGPU BibRef

He, L.Q.[Li-Qiang], Zhang, G.Y.[Guang-Yong], Zhang, Y.Y.[Yan-Yan],
Speeding Up Best Neighborhood Matching Algorithm For High-definition Image on GPU Platform,
IJIG(11), No. 1, January 2011, pp. 315-337.
WWW Version. 1108
BibRef

Ferreira, J.F.[João Filipe], Lobo, J.[Jorge], Dias, J.[Jorge],
Bayesian real-time perception algorithms on GPU: Real-time implementation of Bayesian models for multimodal perception using CUDA,
RealTimeIP(6), No. 3, September 2011, pp. 171-186.
WWW Version. 1108
BibRef

Herout, A.[Adam], Jošth, R.[Radovan], Juránek, R.[Roman], Havel, J.[Jirí], Hradiš, M.[Michal], Zemcík, P.[Pavel],
Real-time object detection on CUDA,
RealTimeIP(6), No. 3, September 2011, pp. 159-170.
WWW Version. 1108
BibRef

Martínez-Zarzuela, M., Díaz-Pernas, F.J., Antón-Rodríguez, M., Díez-Higuera, J.F., González-Ortega, D., Boto-Giralda, D., López-González, F., de la Torre, I.,
Multi-scale neural texture classification using the GPU as a stream processing engine,
MVA(22), No. 6, November 2011, pp. 947-966.
WWW Version. 1110
GPU implementation for texture BibRef

Gembris, D.[Daniel], Neeb, M.[Markus], Gipp, M.[Markus], Kugel, A.[Andreas], Männer, R.[Reinhard],
Correlation analysis on GPU systems using NVIDIA™s CUDA,
RealTimeIP(6), No. 4, December 2011, pp. 275-280.
WWW Version. 1111
BibRef


Neumann, D.[Dominik], Lugauer, F.[Felix], Bauer, S.[Sebastian], Wasza, J.[Jakob], Hornegger, J.[Joachim],
Real-time RGB-D mapping and 3-D modeling on the GPU using the random ball cover data structure,
ConDepth11(1161-1167).
IEEE DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Sundaram, N.[Narayanan], Keutzer, K.[Kurt],
Long term video segmentation through pixel level spectral clustering on GPUs,
CVGPU11(475-482).
IEEE DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Lu, C.T.[Chih-Te], Hang, H.M.[Hsueh-Ming],
Multiview encoder parallelized fast search realization on NVIDIA CUDA,
VCIP11(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Schwarzkopf, A.[Andreas], Kalbe, T.[Thomas], Bajaj, C.[Chandrajit], Kuijper, A.[Arjan], Goesele, M.[Michael],
Volumetric Nonlinear Anisotropic Diffusion on GPUs,
SSVM11(62-73).
Springer DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Rodríguez-Sánchez, R.[Rafael], Martínez, J.L.[José Luis], Fernández-Escribano, G.[Gerardo], Sánchez, J.L.[José Luis], Claver, J.M.[José Manuel],
A Fast GPU-Based Motion Estimation Algorithm for H.264/AVC,
MMMod12(551-562).
Springer DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Pieters, B.[Bart], De Cock, J.[Jan], Hollemeersch, C.[Charles], Wielandt, J.[Jeroen], Lambert, P.[Peter], Van de Walle, R.[Rik],
Ultra High Definition video decoding with Motion JPEG XR using the GPU,
ICIP11(377-380).
IEEE DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Ishii, I.[Idaku], Ichida, H.[Hiroki], Takaki, T.[Takeshi],
GPU-based face tracking at 500 fps,
ICIP11(557-560).
IEEE DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Yu, F.C.[Feng-Chao], Liu, H.F.[Hua-Feng], Shi, P.C.[Peng-Cheng],
Pet image reconstruction: GPU-accelerated particle filter framework,
ICIP11(417-420).
IEEE DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Nagendra, P.[Pavan],
Performance characterization of automotive computer vision systems using Graphics Processing Units (GPUs),
ICIIP11(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 1112
BibRef

Li, Z.[Zhu], Yanchun, S.[Shen],
Research and design of GPU-based network video stream decoding and playing system,
IASP11(257-260).
IEEE DOI Link 1112
BibRef

Fang, L.Y.[Liu Yang], Wang, M.[Mi], Li, D.R.[De Ren], Zhang, B.X.[Bing Xian],
Research on GPU-Based Real-Time MTF Compensation Algorithm,
ISIDF11(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 1111
BibRef

Gupta, R.[Raj], Sailaja, R.M.[Reddy M.], Panda, S.[Swagatika], Sharma, S.[Sushant], Mittal, A.[Anurag],
Foreground-background separation on GPU using order based approaches,
ICCVGIP10(448-455).
WWW Version. 1111
BibRef

Montoya-Franco, F.[Felipe], Serna-Morales, A.F.[Andrés F.], Prieto, F.[Flavio],
3D Object Modeling with Graphics Hardware Acceleration and Unsupervised Neural Networks,
ISVC11(I: 664-673).
Springer DOI Link 1109
BibRef

Nuno-Maganda, M.A.[Marco Aurelio], Morales-Sandoval, M.[Miguel], Torres-Huitzil, C.[Cesar],
A Hardware Coprocessor Integrated with OpenCV for Edge Detection Using Cellular Neural Networks,
ICIG11(957-962).
IEEE DOI Link 1109
BibRef

Dong, L.[Lanfang], Chen, J.[Jiahui], Wang, J.[Jin],
A Real-Time Isoline Tracing Algorithm Based on CUDA,
ICIG11(864-867).
IEEE DOI Link 1109
BibRef

Li, M.[Meng], Dong, L.[Lanfang],
Visualization Three-Dimensional Geological Modeling Using CUDA,
ICIG11(852-857).
IEEE DOI Link 1109
BibRef

Birkbeck, N.[Neil], Sofka, M.[Michal], Zhou, S.K.[S. Kevin],
Fast boosting trees for classification, pose detection, and boundary detection on a GPU,
ECVW11(36-41).
IEEE DOI Link 1106
BibRef

van den Braak, G.J.[Gert-Jan], Nugteren, C.[Cedric], Mesman, B.[Bart], Corporaal, H.[Henk],
Fast Hough Transform on GPUs: Exploration of Algorithm Trade-Offs,
ACIVS11(611-622).
Springer DOI Link 1108
BibRef

Song, J.S.[Joong-Seok], Seo, Y.H.[Young-Ho], Park, J.I.[Jong-Il],
Fast generating of a digital hologram using general-purpose computation on graphics processing units,
FCV11(1-2).
IEEE DOI Link 1102
BibRef

Domanski, L.[Luke], Sun, C.M.[Chang-Ming], Hassan, R.[Raquibul], Vallotton, P.[Pascal], Wang, D.[Dadong],
Linear Feature Detection on GPUs,
DICTA10(649-656).
IEEE DOI Link 1012
BibRef

Emami, A.[Ali], Bigdeli, A.[Abbas], Postula, A.[Adam],
High Throughput Variable Size Non-square Gabor Engine with Feature Pooling Based on GPU,
DICTA10(393-399).
IEEE DOI Link 1012
BibRef

Yang, Y.[Yin], Zhong, Z.[Zichun], Rong, G.D.[Guo-Dong], Guo, X.[Xiaohu], Wang, J.[Jing], Solberg, T., Mao, W.H.[Wei-Hua],
Real-Time GPU-Aided Lung Tumor Tracking,
PSIVT10(495-500).
IEEE DOI Link 1011
BibRef

Suarez, J.[Jordane], Belhadj, F.[Farès], Boyer, V.[Vincent],
Comics Stylizations of 3D Scenes Using GPU,
ISVC10(III: 524-533).
Springer DOI Link 1011
BibRef

Mourning, C.[Chad], Nykl, S.[Scott], Xu, H.[Huihui], Chelberg, D.[David], Liu, J.D.[Jun-Dong],
GPU Acceleration of Robust Point Matching,
ISVC10(III: 417-426).
Springer DOI Link 1011
BibRef

Zang, C.[Chuantao], Hashimoto, K.[Koichi],
A New Approach of GPU Accelerated Visual Tracking,
ACIVS10(II: 354-365).
Springer DOI Link 1012
BibRef

Goossens, B.[Bart], Luong, H.[Hiêp], Aelterman, J.[Jan], Pižurica, A.[Aleksandra], Philips, W.[Wilfried],
A GPU-Accelerated Real-Time NLMeans Algorithm for Denoising Color Video Sequences,
ACIVS10(II: 46-57).
Springer DOI Link 1012
BibRef

Garcia, V.[Vincent], Debreuve, E.[Eric], Nielsen, F.[Frank], Barlaud, M.[Michel],
K-nearest neighbor search: Fast GPU-based implementations and application to high-dimensional feature matching,
ICIP10(3757-3760).
IEEE DOI Link 1009
BibRef

Abramov, A.[Alexey], Aksoy, E.E.[Eren Erdal], Doerr, J.[Johannes], Woergoetter, F.[Florentin], Pauwels, K.[Karl], Dellen, B.[Babette],
3D Semantic Representation of Actions from efficient stereo-image-sequence segmentation on GPUs,
3DPVT10(xx-yy).
WWW Version. 1005
BibRef

Bayazit, M.[Mark], Couture-Beil, A.[Alex], Mori, G.[Greg],
Real-time Motion-based Gesture Recognition Using the GPU,
MVA09(9-).
PDF Version. 0905
BibRef

May, M.[Michael], Turner, M.J.[Martin J.], Morris, T.[Tim],
Analysing False Positives and 3D Structure to Create Intelligent Thresholding and Weighting Functions for SIFT Features,
PSIVT11(I: 190-201).
Springer DOI Link 1111
BibRef
Earlier:
Scale Invariant Feature Transform: A Graphical Parameter Analysis,
BMVCWS10(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 1009
GPU method for SIFT Computation. See also Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints. BibRef

Kubertschak, T.[Tim], Nestler, R.[Rico], Machleidt, T.[Torsten], Franke, K.H.[Karl-Heinz],
Speeding Up Powerful State-of-the-Art Restoration Methods with Modern Graphics Processors,
ICCVG10(II: 81-88).
Springer DOI Link 1009
BibRef

Wojciechowski, A.[Adam], Wróblewski, G.[Grzegorz],
GPU Calculated Camera Collisions Detection within a Dynamic Environment,
ICCVG10(II: 357-366).
Springer DOI Link 1009
BibRef

Sánchez, J.R.[Jairo R.], Álvarez, H.[Hugo], Borro, D.[Diego],
GFT: GPU Fast Triangulation of 3D Points,
ICCVG10(II: 235-242).
Springer DOI Link 1009
BibRef

Krzeszowski, T.[Tomasz], Kwolek, B.[Bogdan], Wojciechowski, K.[Konrad],
GPU-Accelerated Tracking of the Motion of 3D Articulated Figure,
ICCVG10(I: 155-162).
Springer DOI Link 1009
Tracking, People. BibRef

Bauer, S.[Sebastian], Kohler, S.[Sebastian], Doll, K.[Konrad], Brunsmann, U.[Ulrich],
FPGA-GPU architecture for kernel SVM pedestrian detection,
ECVW10(61-68).
IEEE DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Varnavas, A.[Andreas], Argyriou, V.[Vasileios], Ng, J.[Jeffrey], Bharath, A.A.[Anil A.],
Dense photometric stereo reconstruction on many core GPUs,
CVCGI10(59-65).
IEEE DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Ichimura, N.[Naoyuki],
GPU computing with orientation maps for extracting local invariant features,
ECVW10(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Sharma, O.[Ojaswa], Zhang, Q.[Qin], Anton, F.[Franccois], Bajaj, C.[Chandrajit],
Multi-domain, higher order level set scheme for 3D image segmentation on the GPU,
CVPR10(2211-2216).
IEEE DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Vineet, V.[Vibhav], Narayanan, P.J.,
Solving Multilabel MRFs Using Incremental ?-Expansion on the GPUs,
ACCV09(III: 633-643).
Springer DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Kim, J.S.[Jun-Sik], Hwangbo, M.[Myung], Kanade, T.[Takeo],
Realtime affine-photometric KLT feature tracker on GPU in CUDA framework,
EmbedCV09(886-893).
IEEE DOI Link 0910
BibRef

Schweitzer, M.[Michael], Wuensche, H.J.[Hans-Joachim],
Efficient keypoint matching for robot vision using GPUs,
EmbedCV09(808-815).
IEEE DOI Link 0910
BibRef

Kim, J.S.[Jun-Sik], Hwangbo, M.[Myung], Kanade, T.[Takeo],
Parallel algorithms to a parallel hardware: Designing vision algorithms for a GPU,
EmbedCV09(862-869).
IEEE DOI Link 0910
BibRef

Schreiber, D.[David], Rauter, M.[Michael],
GPU-based non-parametric background subtraction for a practical surveillance system,
EmbedCV09(870-877).
IEEE DOI Link 0910
Background Subtraction. BibRef

Seiller, N.[Nicolas], Singhal, N.[Nitin], Park, I.K.[In Kyu],
Object oriented framework for real-time image processing on GPU,
ICIP10(4477-4480).
IEEE DOI Link 1009
BibRef

Singhal, N.[Nitin], Park, I.K.[In Kyu], Cho, S.[Sungdae],
Implementation and optimization of image processing algorithms on handheld GPU,
ICIP10(4481-4484).
IEEE DOI Link 1009
BibRef

Park, I.K.[In Kyu], Singhal, N.[Nitin], Lee, M.H.[Man Hee], Cho, S.[Sungdae],
Efficient design and implementation of visual computing algorithms on the GPU,
ICIP09(2321-2324).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

De Ruvo, P., Distante, A., Stella, E., Marino, F.,
A GPU-based vision system for real time detection of fastening elements in railway inspection,
ICIP09(2333-2336).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Sun, W.[Wen], Lu, Y.[Yan], Wu, F.[Feng], Li, S.P.[Shi-Peng],
Real-time screen image scaling and its GPU acceleration,
ICIP09(3285-3288).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Zamith, M., Montenegro, A., Passos, E., Clua, E., Conci, A., Leal-Toledo, R., Mourao, P.T.,
Real Time Feature-Based Parallel Morphing in GPU Applied to Texture-Based Animation,
WSSIP09(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Crookes, D., Boyle, K., Miller, P., Gillan, C.,
GPU Implementation of the Affine Transform for 3D Image Registration,
IMVIP09(151-155).
IEEE DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Wakatani, A.,
Effectiveness of a strip-mining approach for VQ image coding using GPGPU implementation,
IVCNZ09(35-38).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Carr, P.,
GPU Accelerated Multimodal Background Subtraction,
DICTA08(279-286).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Ohmer, J.F., Redding, N.J.,
GPU-Accelerated KLT Tracking with Monte-Carlo-Based Feature Reselection,
DICTA08(234-241).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Diao, M.[Mamadou], Kim, J.[Jongman],
Multimedia Mining on Manycore Architectures: The Case for GPUs,
ISVC09(II: 619-630).
Springer DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Hagan, A.[Aaron], Zhao, Y.[Ye],
Parallel 3D Image Segmentation of Large Data Sets on a GPU Cluster,
ISVC09(II: 960-969).
Springer DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Lopes, N.[Noel], Ribeiro, B.[Bernardete],
A Hybrid Face Recognition Approach Using GPUMLib,
CIARP10(96-103).
Springer DOI Link 1011
BibRef

Lopes, N.[Noel], Ribeiro, B.[Bernardete],
Fast Pattern Classification of Ventricular Arrhythmias Using Graphics Processing Units,
CIARP09(603-610).
Springer DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Park, S.I.[Seung In], Ponce, S.P., Huang, J.[Jing], Cao, Y.[Yong], Quek, F.,
Low-cost, high-speed computer vision using NVIDIA's CUDA architecture,
AIPR08(1-7).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Williams, J.L.[Jorge Luis], Hiromoto, R.E.[Robert E.],
On the Performance and Scalability of a GPU-Limited Commodity Cluster,
ISVC08(II: 1044-1055).
Springer DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Loten, T.[Tom], Green, R.[Richard],
Embedded computer vision framework on a multimedia processor,
IVCNZ08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0811
BibRef

Allusse, Y.[Yannick], Horain, P.[Patrick], Agarwal, A.[Ankit], Saipriyadarshan, C.[Cindula],
GpuCV: A GPU-Accelerated Framework for Image Processing and Computer Vision,
ISVC08(II: 430-439).
Springer DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Goradia, R.[Rhushabh], Ajmera, P.[Prekshu], Chandran, S.[Sharat],
GPU-Based Hierarchical Computations for View Independent Visibility,
ICCVGIP08(560-567).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Han, B.[Bo], Zhou, B.F.[Bing-Feng],
High Speed Visual Saliency Computation on GPU,
ICIP07(I: 361-364).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Ready, J.M., Taylor, C.N.,
GPU Acceleration of Real-time Feature Based Algorithms,
Motion07(8-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0702
BibRef

Grossauer, H.[Harald], Thoman, P.[Peter],
GPU-Based Multigrid: Real-Time Performance in High Resolution Nonlinear Image Processing,
CVS08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0805
BibRef

Cassagnabère, C.[Christophe], Rousselle, F.[François], Renaud, C.[Christophe],
CPU-GPU Multithreaded Programming Model: Application to the Path Tracing with Next Event Estimation Algorithm,
ISVC06(II: 265-275).
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Min, C.K.[Chang-Ki], Medioni, G.[Gerard],
Tensor Voting Accelerated by Graphics Processing Units (GPU),
ICPR06(III: 1103-1106).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
See also Inferring Segmented Dense Motion Layers Using 5D Tensor Voting. BibRef

Schiwietz, T.[Thomas], Westermann, R.[Rüdiger],
GPU-PIV,
VMV04(151-158). 0411
BibRef

Fritz, N.[Nicolas], Lucas, P.[Philipp], Slusallek, P.[Philipp],
CGiS, a new Language for Data-parallel GPU Programming,
VMV04(241-248). 0411
BibRef

Hong, J.Y.[Jin Young], Wang, M.D.,
High speed processing of biomedical images using programmable GPU,
ICIP04(IV: 2455-2458).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Chapter on Implementations and Applications, Databases, QBIC, Video Analysis, Hardware and Software, Inspection continues in
Multi-Processor Algorithms, Connection Machine, Hypercube .


Last update:Feb 8, 2012 at 11:25:05