19.4.3 Query Techniques, Query Languages

Chang, N.S., and Fu, K.S.,
Query by Pictorial Example,
SE(6), November 1980, pp. 519-524. BibRef 8011

Chang, N.S., and Fu, K.S.,
Picture Query Languages for Pictorial Database Systems,
Computer(14), No. 11, November 1981, pp. 23-33. BibRef 8111

Orenstein, J.A., and Manola, F.A.,
PROBE Spatial Data Modeling and Query Processing in an Image Database Application,
SE(14), No. 5, May 1988, pp. 611-629. BibRef 8805

Chock, M., Cardenas, A.F., Klinger, A.,
Database Structure and Manipulation Capabilities of a Picture Database Management System (PICDMS),
PAMI(6), No. 4, July 1984, pp. 484-492. BibRef 8407

Joseph, T., and Cardenas, A.F.,
PICQUERY: A High Level Query Language for Pictorial Database Management,
SE(14), No. 5, May 1988, pp. 630-638. BibRef 8805

Lee, S.Y., Shan, M.K.,
Access Methods of Image Database,
PRAI(4), 1990, pp. 27-44. BibRef 9000

Okazaki, A.[Akio],
Information retrieval apparatus and interface for retrieval of mapping information utilizing hand-drawn retrieval requests,
US_Patent5,148,522, 09/15/1992.
HTML Version. BibRef 9209

Guigo, R., Smith, T.F.,
Inferring correlation between database queries: analysis of protein sequence patterns,
PAMI(15), No. 10, October 1993, pp. 1030-1041.
IEEE Abstract.
IEEE DOI Link 0401
BibRef

Ogle, V.E.,
Chabot: Retrieval from a Relational Database of Images,
Computer(28), No. 9, September 1995, pp. 40-48. Given a number of attributes, some standard database attributes, some image features, find a set of images in the database. BibRef 9509

Lin, Y.H., Rawlins, G.J.E., Vanheyningen, M.D.,
PIC1: A Visual Database Interface,
ExSys(8), No. 3, 1995, pp. 237-245. BibRef 9500

Mahoney, J.V.[James V.], Rao, S.[Satyajit],
Using a category to analyze an image showing a graphical representation,
US_Patent5,544,267, Aug 6, 1996
WWW Version. BibRef 9608

Faulus, D.S., Ng, R.T.,
An Expressive Language and Interface for Image Querying,
MVA(10), No. 2, 1997, pp. 74-85.
HTML Version. 9707
BibRef

Harada, S., Itoh, Y., Nakatani, H.,
Interactive Image Retrieval by Natural Language,
OptEng(36), No. 12, December 1997, pp. 3281-3287. 9801
BibRef

Armitage, L., Enser, P.,
Analysis of User Need in Image Archives,
JIS(24), No. 4, 1997, pp. 287-299. BibRef 9700

Gunsel, B., Tekalp, A.M.,
Shape Similarity Matching for Query by Example,
PR(31), No. 7, July 1998, pp. 931-944.
WWW Version. 9807
BibRef
Earlier:
Similarity Analysis for Shape Retrieval by Example,
ICPR96(II: 330-334).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(Univ. of Rochester, USA) BibRef

Huang, B.[Bo], Lin, H.[Hui],
Design of a Query Language for Accessing Spatial Analysis in the Web Environment,
GeoInfo(3), No. 2, June 1999, pp. 165-183.
WWW Version. 0509
BibRef

Lew, M.S.[Michael S.],
Next-Generation Web Searches from Visual Content,
Computer(33), No. 11, November 2000, pp. 46-53.
IEEE DOI Link The web is mostly images, but search engines do not do images yet. Combining web searching with queries. Since this paper, there are a number of web image search engines. BibRef 0011

Medasani, S.[Swarup], Krishnapuram, R.[Raghu],
Categorization of Image Databases for Efficient Retrieval Using Robust Mixture Decomposition,
CVIU(83), No. 3, September 2001, pp. 216-235.
WWW Version. 0110
BibRef
Earlier: CBAIVL98(50-54).
IEEE Top Reference. 0208
Mixture decomposition technique to find a compact representation of the data. Compare decomposition to: Akaike ( See also new look at the statistical model identification, A. ) Schwarz MDL ( See also Universal Prior for Integers and Esitmation by Minimum Description Length, A. ) BibRef

Crill, R.[Rikk], Bruce, D.[David], Schehrer, K.[Kevin],
Search method and apparatus for locating digitally stored content, such as visual images, music and sounds, text, or software, in storage devices on a computer network,
US_Patent6,445,822, Sep 3, 2002
WWW Version. BibRef 0209

Assfalg, J., del Bimbo, A., Pala, P.,
Three-Dimensional interfaces for querying by example in content-based image retrieval,
VCG(8), No. 4, 2002, pp. 305-318. BibRef 0200

Lim, J.H.[Joo-Hwee],
Building Visual Vocabulary for Image Indexation and Query Formulation,
PAA(4), No. 2/3 2001, pp. 125-139.
HTML Version. 0202
BibRef

Dy, J.G.[Jennifer G.], Brodley, C.E.[Carla E.], Kak, A.C.[Avi C.], Broderick, L.S.[Lynn S.], Aisen, A.M.[Alex M.],
Unsupervised feature selection applied to content-based retrieval of lung images,
PAMI(25), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 373-378.
IEEE Abstract.
IEEE DOI Link 0301
Customized Query Approach (CQA). Hierarchical process, first according to class labels, the within the class from customized features. BibRef

Dy, J.G.[Jennifer G.], Brodley, C.E.[Carla E.], Kak, A.C.[Avi C.], Shyu, C.R.[Chi-Ren], Broderick, L.S.[Lynn S.],
The Customized-Queries Approach to CBIR Using EM,
CVPR99(II: 400-406).
IEEE Abstract.
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9900

Raptopoulou, K., Papadopoulos, A.N., Manolopoulos, Y.,
Fast Nearest-Neighbor Query Processing in Moving-Object Databases,
GeoInfo(7), No. 2, June 2003, pp. 113-137.
WWW Version. 0307
BibRef

Cinque, L.[Luigi], de Rosa, F., Lecca, F., Levialdi, S.,
Image retrieval using resegmentation driven by query rectangles,
IVC(22), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 15-22.
WWW Version. 0401
BibRef
Earlier: Add A5: ICPR02(IV: 142-145).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Tanimoto, S.[Steven], Levialdi, S., Lecca, F., Cinque, L.[Luigi],
Retrieval of Images Using Rich Region Descriptions,
ICPR98(Vol I: 899-901).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Cinque, L., Levialdi, S., Malizia, A., Mancini, R.,
Interactive model-based matching retrieval,
CIAP97(II: 188-195).
WWW Version. 9709
BibRef

Town, C.P.[Christopher P.], Sinclair, D.A.[David A.],
Language-based querying of image collections on the basis of an extensible ontology,
IVC(22), No. 3, 1 March 2004, pp. 251-267.
WWW Version. 0402
BibRef

Town, C.P.[Christopher P.], Sinclair, D.A.[David A.],
Ontological Query Language for Content Based Image Retrieval,
CBAIVL01(75).
IEEE DOI Link 0110
BibRef

Town, C.P.[Christopher P.], Sinclair, D.A.[David A.],
A Self-Referential Perceptual Inference Framework for Video Interpretation,
CVS03(54 ff).
HTML Version. 0306
BibRef

Morris, A.J., Abdelmoty, A.I., El-Geresy, B.A., Jones, C.B.,
A Filter Flow Visual Querying Language and Interface for Spatial Databases,
GeoInfo(8), No. 2, June 2004, pp. 107-141.
WWW Version. 0403
BibRef

Mokbel, M.F.[Mohamed F.], Xiong, X.P.[Xiao-Peng], Hammad, M.A.[Moustafa A.], Aref, W.G.[Walid G.],
Continuous Query Processing of Spatio-Temporal Data Streams in PLACE,
GeoInfo(9), No. 4, December 2005, pp. 343-365.
Springer DOI Link 0602
BibRef

Vogel, J.[Julia], Schiele, B.[Bernt],
Performance evaluation and optimization for content-based image retrieval,
PR(39), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 897-909.
WWW Version. 0604
BibRef
Earlier:
On Performance Characterization and Optimization for Image Retrieval,
ECCV02(IV: 49 ff.).
HTML Version. 0205
BibRef
And:
Query-Dependent Performance Optimization for Vocabulary-Supported Image Retrieval,
DAGM02(600 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
BibRef
Earlier:
Performance prediction for vocabulary-supported image retrieval,
ICIP01(II: 753-756).
IEEE Abstract. 0108
P Performance characterization; Image semantics BibRef

Vogel, J.[Julia], Schiele, B.[Bernt],
Semantic Modeling of Natural Scenes for Content-Based Image Retrieval,
IJCV(72), No. 2, April 2007, pp. 133-157.
Springer DOI Link 0702
BibRef
Earlier:
A Semantic Typicality Measure for Natural Scene Categorization,
DAGM04(195-203).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef
And:
Natural Scene Retrieval Based on a Semantic Modeling Step,
CIVR04(207-215).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Vogel, J.[Julia], Murphy, K.P.[Kevin P.],
A non-myopic approach to visual search,
CRV07(227-234).
IEEE DOI Link 0705
BibRef

Murphy, K.P.[Kevin P.], Torralba, A.B.[Antonio B.], Eaton, D.[Daniel], Freeman, W.T.[William T.],
Object Detection and Localization Using Local and Global Features,
CLOR06(382-400).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Ray, A.K.[Ajoy K.], Mishra, R.K.[Ranjit K.], Acharya, T.[Tinku],
Searching for object images with reduced computation,
US_Patent7,191,164, March 13, 2007.
HTML Version. Fuzzy logic queries. BibRef 0703

Vu, K.[Khanh], Cheng, H.[Hao], Hua, K.A.[Kien A.],
Image retrieval in multipoint queries,
IJIST(18), No. 2-3, 2007, pp. 170-181.
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef

Kim, D.J.[Dae-Jin], Frigui, H.[Hichem], Fadeev, A.[Aleksey],
A generic approach to semantic video indexing using adaptive fusion of multimodal classifiers,
IJIST(18), No. 2-3, 2007, pp. 124-136.
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef

Ding, Q., Perrizo, W.,
PARM: An Efficient Algorithm to Mine Association Rules From Spatial Data,
SMC-B(38), No. 6, December 2008, pp. 1513-1524.
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Fauzi, M.F.A.[Mohammad Faizal Ahmad], Lewis, P.H.[Paul H.],
Query by low-quality image,
IVC(27), No. 6, 4 May 2009, pp. 713-724.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0904
BibRef
Earlier:
Query by Fax for Content-Based Image Retrieval,
CIVR02(91-99).
HTML Version. 0208
Content-based image retrieval; Low-quality image analysis; Wavelet transform BibRef

Fauzi, M.F.A.[Mohammad Faizal Ahmad],
Optimal Discrete Wavelet Frames Features for Texture-Based Image Retrieval Applications,
IVIC09(66-77).
Springer DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Hare, J.S.[Jonathon S.], Samangooei, S.[Sina], Lewis, P.H.[Paul H.], Nixon, M.S.[Mark S.],
Semantic spaces revisited: investigating the performance of auto-annotation and semantic retrieval using semantic spaces,
CIVR08(359-368). 0807
BibRef

Hare, J.S.[Jonathon S.], Lewis, P.H.[Paul H.],
On Image Retrieval Using Salient Regions with Vector-Spaces and Latent Semantics,
CIVR05(540-549).
Springer DOI Link 0507
BibRef
Earlier:
Salient Regions for Query by Image Content,
CIVR04(317-325).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Worring, M, Schreiber, G,
Semantic Image and Video Indexing in Broad Domains,
MultMed(9), No. 5, August 2007, pp. 909-911.
IEEE DOI Link 0905
BibRef

Fuchs, E.[Erich], Gruber, T.[Thiemo], Nitschke, J.[Jiri], Sick, B.[Bernhard],
On-line motif detection in time series with SwiftMotif,
PR(42), No. 11, November 2009, pp. 3015-3031.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0907
Temporal data mining; Time series; Motif detection; Polynomial approximation; Orthogonal polynomials; Probabilistic modeling; Piecewise polynomial representation; Piecewise probabilistic representation; Segmentation; SwiftMotif See also Online Segmentation of Time Series Based on Polynomial Least-Squares Approximations. BibRef

Lu, Y.J.[Yi-Juan], Zhang, L.[Lei], Liu, J.M.[Jie-Min], Tian, Q.[Qi],
Constructing Concept Lexica With Small Semantic Gaps,
MultMed(12), No. 4, 2010, pp. 288-299.
IEEE DOI Link 1006
Lexicon for retrieval. BibRef

Gómez, L.[Leticia], Kuijpers, B.[Bart], Vaisman, A.[Alejandro],
A data model and query language for spatio-temporal decision support,
GeoInfo(15), No. 3, July 2011, pp. 455-496.
WWW Version. 1106
BibRef

Ghinita, G.[Gabriel], Kalnis, P.[Panos], Kantarcioglu, M.[Murat], Bertino, E.[Elisa],
Approximate and exact hybrid algorithms for private nearest-neighbor queries with database protection,
GeoInfo(15), No. 4, October 2011, pp. 699-726.
WWW Version. 1110
Mobile devices with GPS, how to protect privacy when using these devices. BibRef

Tellex, S.[Stefanie], Roy, D.[Deb],
Towards surveillance video search by natural language query,
CIVR09(Article No 38).
WWW Version. 0907
BibRef

Israel, M.[Menno], van der Schaar, J.[Jetske], van den Broek, E.L.[Egon L.], den Uyl, M.[Marten], van der Putten, P.[Peter],
Multi-level visual alphabets,
IPTA10(349-354).
IEEE DOI Link 1007
BibRef

Scott, J.[Jon], Kim, B.[Beomjin], Chhabada, S.[Sanyogita],
Visualized Index-Based Search for Digital Libraries,
ISVC09(I: 125-134).
Springer DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Li, G.B.[Guo-Bin], Wang, G.L.[Gui-Ling],
Research on optimized spatial data query algorithm in the spatial database,
IASP09(292-294).
IEEE DOI Link 0904
BibRef

Padmanabhan, R.[Raghav], Nagy, G.[George],
Query by table,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Wang, G.[Gang], Forsyth, D.A.[David A.],
Object image retrieval by exploiting online knowledge resources,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Perry, M.[Matthew], Sheth, A.P.[Amit P.], Hakimpour, F.[Farshad], Jain, P.[Prateek],
Supporting Complex Thematic, Spatial and Temporal Queries over Semantic Web Data,
GS07(228-246).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Paolino, L.[Luca], Sebillo, M.[Monica], Tortora, G.[Genoveffa], Vitiello, G.[Giuliana],
The Predicate Tree: A Metaphor for Visually Describing Complex Boolean Queries,
Visual07(524-536).
Springer DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Yeh, T.[Tom], Lee, J.J.[John J.], Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.],
Scalable classifiers for Internet vision tasks,
InterNet08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Yeh, T.[Tom], Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.],
Dynamic visual category learning,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Lee, J.J.[John J.],
Efficient Object Recognition and Image Retrieval for Large-Scale Applications,
CSAIL-2008-026, May 2008. BibRef 0805 Ph.D.Thesis, MIT, May 2008.
WWW Version. BibRef

Yeh, T.[Tom], Lee, J.J.[John J.], Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.],
Adaptive Vocabulary Forests for Dynamic Indexing and Category Learning,
ICCV07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Rege, M., Dong, M., Fotouhi, F.,
Co-Clustering Image Features and Semantic Concepts,
ICIP06(137-140).
IEEE DOI Link 0610
BibRef

Koletsis, P.[Pyrros], Petrakis, E.G.M.[Euripides G. M.],
SIA: Semantic Image Annotation Using Ontologies and Image Content Analysis,
ICIAR10(I: 374-383).
Springer DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Petrakis, E.G.M.[Euripides G. M.], Voutsakis, E.[Epimenides], Milios, E.E.[Evangelos E.],
Searching for logo and trademark images on the web,
CIVR07(541-548).
WWW Version. 0707
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
IntelliSearch: Intelligent Search for Images and Text on the Web,
ICIAR06(I: 697-708).
Springer DOI Link 0610
BibRef

Huiskes, M.J.[Mark J.],
Image Searching and Browsing by Active Aspect-Based Relevance Learning,
CIVR06(211-220).
Springer DOI Link 0607
BibRef
Earlier:
Aspect-Based Relevance Learning for Image Retrieval,
CIVR05(639-649).
Springer DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Shi, R.[Rui], Chua, T.S.[Tat-Seng], Lee, C.H.[Chin-Hui], Gao, S.[Sheng],
Bayesian Learning of Hierarchical Multinomial Mixture Models of Concepts for Automatic Image Annotation,
CIVR06(102-112).
Springer DOI Link 0607
BibRef

Moon, N.[Naureen], Bhattarai, B.D.[Bibek Dev], Singh, R.[Rahul],
An Experiential Approach to Interacting with Biological Information,
ISVC06(II: 678-687).
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Lam, T.[Tony], Singh, R.[Rahul],
Semantically Relevant Image Retrieval by Combining Image and Linguistic Analysis,
ISVC06(II: 770-779).
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Zambrano, B.[Brian], Singh, R.[Rahul], Bhattarai, B.D.[Bibek Dev],
Using Linguistic Models for Image Retrieval,
ISVC05(494-501).
Springer DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Muller, W.[Wolfgang], Henrich, A.[Andreas],
Reducing I/O Cost of Similarity Queries by Processing Several at a Time,
MMDE04(142).
IEEE DOI Link 0406
BibRef

Ma, X.H.[Xiao-Hang], Wang, D.H.[Dian-Hui],
Semantics Modeling Based Image Retrieval System Using Neural Networks,
ICIP05(I: 1165-1168).
IEEE DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Browne, P.[Paul], Rüger, S.[Stefan], Xu, L.Q.[Li-Qun], Heesch, D.[Daniel],
iBase: Navigating Digital Library Collections,
CIVR06(510-513).
Springer DOI Link 0607
BibRef

Heesch, D.[Daniel], Rüger, S.[Stefan],
Three Interfaces for Content-Based Access to Image Collections,
CIVR04(491-499).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Mountrakis, G., Agouris, P., Stefanidis, A.,
Multi-temporal geospatial query grouping using correlation signatures,
ICIP03(III: 545-548).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef

Fauqueur, J.[Julien], Boujemaa, N.[Nozha],
New image retrieval paradigm: logical composition of region categories,
ICIP03(III: 601-604).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef
And:
Image Retrieval by Range Query Composition of Region Categories,
INRIARR-4686, Décembre 2002.
HTML Version. 0306
BibRef

Trouvé, A.[Alain], Yu, Y.[Yong],
Metric Similarities Learning through Examples: An Application to Shape Retrieval,
EMMCVPR01(50-62).
Springer DOI Link 0205
BibRef
Earlier:
Learning the Kernel Through Examples: An Application to Shape Classification,
ICIP01(II: 121-124).
IEEE Abstract. 0108
BibRef

Han, J.W.[Jun-Wei], Guo, L.[Lei],
A new image retrieval system supporting query by semantics and example,
ICIP02(III: 953-956).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
BibRef

Vasconcelos, N.M.,
Exploiting group structure to improve retrieval accuracy and speed in image databases,
ICIP02(I: 980-983).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
BibRef

Zhao, G.[Gang], Kobayashi, A., Sakai, Y.,
Image information retrieval using rough set theory,
ICIP02(I: 417-420).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
BibRef

Wang, T., Rui, Y., Hu, S.M.,
Optimal Adaptive Learning for Image Retrieval,
CVPR01(I:1140-1147).
IEEE Abstract. 0110
BibRef

Grecu, H., Lambert, P.,
Image Retrieval by Partial Queries,
ICIP01(I: 26-29).
IEEE Abstract. 0108
BibRef

Amir, A., Srinivasan, S., Ponceleon, D.,
Efficient Video Browsing,
VideoMining03(Chapter 1). BibRef 0300

Srinivasan, S., Ponceleon, D., Viswanathan, M., Petkovic, D.,
Query expansion for imperfect speech: applications in distributed learning,
CBAIVL00(50-54). 0008
BibRef

Brunelli, R., Mich, O.,
Query Simplification and Strategy Selection for Image Retrieval,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 279-282).
IEEE DOI Link 0009
BibRef

Folkers, A., Samet, H., Soffer, A.,
Processing Pictorial Queries with Multiple Instances Using Isomorphic Subgraphs,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 51-54).
IEEE DOI Link 0009
BibRef

Moghaddam, B.,
Image Retrieval with Local and Spatial Queries,
ICIP00(Vol II: 542-545).
IEEE Abstract. 0008
BibRef

Amitay, E.[Einat],
In Common Sense: Rethinking Web Search Results,
ICME00(WP10). 0007
BibRef

Colossi, N.G.[Nathan G.], Nascimento, M.A.[Mario A.],
Benchmarking Access Structures for High-Dimensional Multimedia Data,
ICME00(TP11). 0007
BibRef

Breiteneder, C.[Christian], Eidenberger, H.[Horst],
Automatic Query Generation for Content-Based Image Retrieval,
ICME00(TA4). 0007
BibRef

Wilson, C.[Campbell], Srinivasan, B.[Bala], Indrawan, M.[Maria],
A General Inference Network Based Architecture for Multimedia Information Retrieval,
ICME00(MP5). 0007
BibRef

Aggarwal, G.[Gaurav], Ghosal, S.[Sugata], Dubey, P.[Pradeep],
Efficient Query Modification for Image Retrieval,
CVPR00(II: 255-262).
IEEE Abstract.
IEEE DOI Link 0005
BibRef

Lakshmi-Ratan, A.[Aparna], Maron, O.[Oded], Grimson, W.E.L.[W. Eric L.], Lozano-Perez, T.[Tomas],
A Framework for Learning Query Concepts in Image Classification,
CVPR99(I: 423-429).
IEEE Abstract.
IEEE DOI Link Query using regions. BibRef 9900

Rahman, A.F.R., Fairhurst, M.C.,
Measuring classification complexity of image databases: A novel approach,
CIAP99(893-897).
IEEE DOI Link 9909
BibRef

Yang, W.[Woodward], Lipman, A.[Aaron],
VLSI Hardware for Example-Based Learning,
DARPA98(1207-1214). BibRef 9800

Zotkin, D.N.[Dmitry N.], Soffer, A.[Aya], Samet, H.[Hanan],
Pictorial Query Trees for Query Specification in Image Databases,
ICPR98(Vol I: 919-921).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Soffer, A.[Aya], and Samet, H.[Hanan],
Pictorial Query Specification for Browsing Through Image Databases,
Visual97(xx). BibRef 9700

Nastar, C.[Chahab], Mitschke, M.[Matthias], Meilhac, C.[Christophe],
Efficient Query Refinement for Image Retrieval,
CVPR98(547-552).
IEEE Abstract. BibRef 9800

Meghini, C.[Carlo], Sebastiani, F.[Fabrizio], Straccia, U.[Umberto],
The terminological image retrieval model,
CIAP97(II: 156-163).
WWW Version. 9709
BibRef

Chapter on Implementations and Applications, Databases, QBIC, Video Analysis, Hardware and Software, Inspection continues in
Query by Sketch, 2D Drawings, Query Technique .