23.4.2.2 Font Recognition, Multiple Fonts, etc.

Kopec, G.E.,
Least-squares font metric estimation from images,
IP(2), No. 4, October 1993, pp. 510-519.
WWW Version. 0402 BibRef

Liu, C.N., and Shelton, G.L.,
An Experimental Investigation of a Mixed Font Print Recognition System,
TC(15), No. 6, December 1966, pp. 916-925. The IBM font recognition work using N-Tuples. BibRef 6612

Morris, R.A.[Robert A.],
Classification of digital typefaces using spectral signatures,
PR(25), No. 8, August 1992, pp. 869-876.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Wang, J.[Jin], Jean, J.[Jack],
Resolving multifont character confusion with neural networks,
PR(26), No. 1, January 1993, pp. 175-187.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Khoubyari, S., Hull, J.J.,
Font and Function Word Identification in Document Recognition,
CVIU(63), No. 1, January 1996, pp. 66-74.
WWW Version. BibRef 9601

Augusteijn, M.F., Warrender, C.E.,
Image Indexing Applied to Typewriter Font Identification,
NeurCompApp(4), No. 4, 1996, pp. 209-217. 9701 BibRef

Krtolica, R.V.[Radovan V.], Malitsky, S.[Sofya],
Multifont optical character recognition using a box connectivity approach,
US_Patent5,539,840, 07/23/1996.
HTML Version. Features computed within the bounding rectangle. BibRef 9607

Zramdini, A.[Abdelwahab], and Ingold, R.[Rolf],
Optical Font Recognition Using Typographical Features,
PAMI(20), No. 8, August 1998, pp. 877-882.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9808
Earlier:
ApOFIS: an A priori optical font identification system,
CIAP95(527-532).
WWW Version. 9509Identify the font -- typeface, weight, slope and size -- not the characters. BibRef

Omachi, S.[Shin'ichiro], Inoue, M.[Masaki], Aso, H.[Hirotomo],
Structure Extraction from Decorated Characters Using Multiscale Images,
PAMI(23), No. 3, March 2001, pp. 315-322.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0103 BibRef
Earlier:
Structure Extraction from Various Kinds of Decorated Characters Using Multi-scale Images,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 455-458).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009Decorated characters: Fancy characters, not the ones in illuminated manuscripts. Multiscale images are used for structure extraction, then match on the character structure. BibRef

Iwamura, M., Negishi, K., Omachi, S., Aso, H.,
Isolated character recognition by searching feature points,
ICDAR05(II: 1035-1039).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Chaudhuri, B.B., Garain, U.,
Extraction of type style-based meta-information from imaged documents,
IJDAR(3), No. 3, 2001, pp. 138-149.
HTML Version. 0105 BibRef

Zhu, Y.[Yong], Tan, T.N.[Tie-Niu], Wang, Y.H.[Yun-Hong],
Font Recognition Based on Global Texture Analysis,
PAMI(23), No. 10, October 2001, pp. 1192-1200.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0110Find the font from texture features, not analysis of individual characters. BibRef

Pal, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Identification of different script lines from multi-script documents,
IVC(20), No. 13-14, December 2002, pp. 945-954.
WWW Version. 0212 BibRef
And: Correction: IVC(21), No. 11, October 2003, pp. 1017.
WWW Version. 0310 BibRef

Pal, U., Sinha, S., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Multi-oriented English Text Line Identification,
SCIA03(1146-1153).
WWW Version. 0310 BibRef

Sinha, S.[Suranjit], Pal, U.[Umapada], Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Word-Wise Script Identification from Indian Documents,
DAS04(310-321).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Pal, U., Sinha, S., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Multi-script line identification from Indian documents,
ICDAR03(880-884).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Xafopoulos, A., Kotropoulos, C., Almpanidis, G., Pitas, I.,
Language identification in web documents using discrete HMMs,
PR(37), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 583-594.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Namboodiri, A.M.[Anoop M.], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Online Handwritten Script Recognition,
PAMI(26), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 124-130.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0401 BibRef
Earlier:
On-line script recognition,
ICPR02(III: 736-739).
WWW Version. 0211Classify words and lines into Arabic, Cyrillic, Devnagari, Han, Hebrew, or Roman script. Use 11 spatial and temporal features for the strokes. Roughly 87% on words, 95% on 5-7 word lines. BibRef

Sarkar, P.[Prateek], Nagy, G.[George],
Style Consistent Classification of Isogenous Patterns,
PAMI(27), No. 1, January 2005, pp. 88-98.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0412 BibRef
Earlier:
Style-consistency in isogenous patterns,
ICDAR01(1169-1174).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef
And: A2, A1:
Document style census for OCR,
DIAL04(134-147).
WWW Version. 0404 BibRef
Earlier:
Classification of Style-Constrained Pattern-Fields,
ICPR00(Vol II: 855-858).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009Classification by fields, i.e. a string is usually the same font. Extract regions of the same style (e.g. font). See also Analytical Results on Style-Constrained Bayesian Classification of Pattern Fields. BibRef

Sarkar, P.[Prateek],
Image classification: Classifying distributions of visual features,
ICPR06(II: 472-475).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Sarkar, P.[Prateek],
An iterative algorithm for optimal style conscious field classification,
ICPR02(IV: 243-246).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Avilés-Cruz, C.[Carlos], Rangel-Kuoppa, R.[Risto], Reyes-Ayala, M.[Mario], Andrade-Gonzalez, A., Escarela-Perez, R.[Rafael],
High-order statistical texture analysis--font recognition applied,
PRL(26), No. 2, 15 January 2005, pp. 135-145.
WWW Version. 0501Identify the font from texture. BibRef

Busch, A.[Andrew], Boles, W.W.[Wageeh W.], Sridharan, S.[Sridha],
Texture for Script Identification,
PAMI(27), No. 11, November 2005, pp. 1720-1732.
WWW Version. 0510 BibRef

Busch, A.[Andrew],
Multi-font Script Identification Using Texture-Based Features,
ICIAR06(II: 844-852).
WWW Version. 0610 BibRef

Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Chen, L.[Li], Wu, T.[Tao],
Character Independent Font Recognition on a Single Chinese Character,
PAMI(29), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 195-204.
WWW Version. 0701Font recognition for any unknown Chinese Character. Font recognition improves with multiple characters. BibRef

Joshi, G.D.[Gopal Datt], Garg, S.[Saurabh], Sivaswamy, J.[Jayanthi],
A generalised framework for script identification,
IJDAR(10), No. 2, November 2007, pp. 55-68.
WWW Version. 0711 BibRef
Earlier:
Script Identification from Indian Documents,
DAS06(255-267).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Hiremath, P.S., Shivashankar, S.,
Wavelet based co-occurrence histogram features for texture classification with an application to script identification in a document image,
PRL(29), No. 9, 1 July 2008, pp. 1182-1189.
WWW Version. 0711Wavelet transform; Texture features; Texture classification; Script identification; Document image; Gabor filters BibRef

Pati, P.B.[Peeta Basa], Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Word level multi-script identification,
PRL(29), No. 9, 1 July 2008, pp. 1218-1229.
WWW Version. 0711Gabor filter; DCT; Script identification BibRef

Solli, M.[Martin], Lenz, R.[Reiner],
FyFont: Find-your-Font in Large Font Databases,
SCIA07(432-441).
WWW Version. 0706 BibRef

Dhandra, B.V., Nagabhushan, P., Hangarge, M.[Mallikarjun], Hegadi, R.[Ravindra], Malemath, V.S.,
Script Identification Based on Morphological Reconstruction in Document Images,
ICPR06(II: 950-953).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Sun, H.M.[Hung-Ming],
Multi-Linguistic Optical Font Recognition Using Stroke Templates,
ICPR06(II: 889-892).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Omachi, S.[Shinichiro], Iwamura, M.[Masakazu], Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Kise, K.[Koichi],
Affine Invariant Information Embedment for Accurate Camera-Based Character Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 1098-1101).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Iwamura, M.[Masakazu], Omachi, S.[Shinichiro], Kise, K.[Koichi],
OCR Fonts Revisited for Camera-Based Character Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 1134-1137).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wang, H.[Hua],
Multilingual document recognition research and its application in China,
DIAL06(126-132).
WWW Version. 0604 BibRef

Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wen, D.[Di], Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
Document digitization technology and its application for digital library in China,
DIAL04(46-53).
WWW Version. 0404 BibRef

Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Script and Language Identification in Noisy and Degraded Document Images,
PAMI(30), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 14-24.
WWW Version. 0711 BibRef

Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Huang, W.H.[Wei-Hua],
Language Identification in Degraded and Distorted Document Images,
DAS06(232-242).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Zhou, L.J.[Li-Jun], Lu, Y.[Yue], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Bangla/English Script Identification Based on Analysis of Connected Component Profiles,
DAS06(243-254).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Pati, P.B.[Peeta Basa], Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
HVS Inspired System for Script Identification in Indian Multi-script Documents,
DAS06(380-389).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Liu, Y.H.[Ying-Ho], Lin, C.C.[Chin-Chin], Chang, F.[Fu],
Language identification of character images using machine learning techniques,
ICDAR05(II: 630-634).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Chen, L.[Li], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing],
A universal method for single character type recognition,
ICPR04(I: 413-416).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Hase, H., Shinokawa, T., Tokai, S., Suen, C.Y.,
A robust method of recognizing multi-font rotated characters,
ICPR04(II: 363-366).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Zhang, L.[Li], Lu, Y.[Yue], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Italic font recognition using stroke pattern analysis on wavelet decomposed word images,
ICPR04(IV: 835-838).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Seropian, A., Grimaldi, M., Vincent, N.,
Differentiation of alphabets in handwritten texts,
ICPR04(II: 622-625).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Stamatatos, S.,
Discrimination of machine-printed from handwritten text using simple structural characteristics,
ICPR04(I: 437-440).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Lee, C.W.[Chang Woo], Kang, H.[Hyun], Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, H.J.[Hang Joon],
Font Classification Using NMF,
CAIP03(470-477).
WWW Version. 0311 BibRef

Ablavsky, V., Stevens, M.R.,
Automatic feature selection with applications to script identification of degraded documents,
ICDAR03(750-754).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Dhanya, D., Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Script Identification in Printed Bilingual Documents,
DAS02(13 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303 BibRef

Dhanya, D., Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Optimal Feature Extraction for Bilingual OCR,
DAS02(25 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303 BibRef

Pal, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Automatic identification of English, Chinese, Arabic, Devnagari and Bangla script line,
ICDAR01(790-794).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Tho, Y.[Yu], Tang, Y.Y.,
Discrimination of Oriental and Euramerican scripts using fractal feature,
ICDAR01(1115-1119).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Peake, G.S., Tan, T.N.,
Script and Language Identification from Document Images,
BMVC97(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0209 BibRef

Shi, H., Pavlidis, T.,
Font Recognition and Contextual Processing for More Accurate Text Recognition,
ICDAR97(Mo-2B) 9708 BibRef

de Muelenaere, P., Dauw, M., Legat, J.D.,
Omnifont recognition of text using topological recognition techniques,
ICPR92(II:410-413).
WWW Version. 9208 BibRef

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Hidden Markov Models, HMM .