23.4.3 Character Segmentation, Segmentation of Individual Characters

Chapter Contents (Back)
Segmentation.

Tappert, C.C.[Charles C.],
Recognition system for run-on handwritten characters,
US_Patent4,731,857, March 15, 1988.
WWW Version. BibRef 8803

Tanaka, H.[Hideaki], Katurada, M.[Morihiro], Konya, M.[Minehiro],
Method of detecting a space between words with optical character reader,
US_Patent4,847,912, July 11, 1989.
WWW Version. BibRef 8907

Fenrich, R.K.[Richard K.], Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
System for recognizing handwritten character strings containing overlapping and/or broken characters,
US_Patent5,321,768, June 14, 1994.
WWW Version. BibRef 9406

Casey, R.G., Lecolinet, E.,
A Survey of Methods and Strategies in Character Segmentation,
PAMI(18), No. 7, July 1996, pp. 690-706.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9608 Survey, Character Segmentation. Evaluation, Segmentation. A good bibliography of related papers. BibRef

Lecolinet, E.,
Segmentation d'images de mots manuscrits,
Ph.D.Thesis, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, March 1990. BibRef 9003

Lu, Y.[Yi],
Machine printed character segmentation: An overview,
PR(28), No. 1, January 1995, pp. 67-80.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Hoffman, R.L., and McCullough, J.W.,
Segmentation Methods for Recognition of Machine-Printed Characters,
IBMRD(15), No. 2, March 1971, pp. 153-165. BibRef 7103

Parui, S.K., Chaudhuri, B.B., Majumder, D.D.,
A Procedure for Recognition of Connected Handwritten Numerals,
IJSS(13), No. 9, 1982, pp. 1019-1029. BibRef 8200

Mori, S., Gillespie, W., Suen, C.Y.,
Constrained Bidirectional Propagation and Stroke Segmentation,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 161-167. BibRef 8300

Wang, L., and Pavlidis, T.,
Direct Gray-Scale Extraction of Features for Character Recognition,
PAMI(15), No. 10, October 1993, pp. 1053-1067.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9310

Wang, L., Pavlidis, T.,
A geometric approach to machine-printed character recognition,
CVPR92(665-668).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef

Fukushima, K., and Imagawa, T.,
Recognition and Segmentation of Connected Characters with Selective Attention,
NeurNet(6), No. 1, 1993, pp. 33-41. BibRef 9300

Rocha, J., and Pavlidis, T.,
A Shape Analysis Model with Applications to a Character Recognition System,
PAMI(16), No. 4, April 1994, pp. 393-404.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9404
Earlier: WACV92(182-189).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef

Rocha, J., Pavlidis, T.,
Character-Recognition Without Segmentation,
PAMI(17), No. 9, September 1995, pp. 903-909.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9509
Earlier:
A Neew Method for Word Recognition Without Segmentation,
SPIE(1906), February 1993, pp. 74-80. Recognize broken and touching characters. BibRef

Weissman, H., Schenkel, M., Guyon, I., Nohl, C., Henderson, D.,
Recognition-Based Segmentation of Online Run-On Handprinted Words: Input vs. Output Segmentation,
PR(27), No. 3, March 1994, pp. 405-420.
WWW Version. BibRef 9403

Guyon, I., Albrecht, P., Le Cun, Y.L., Denker, J.S., Hubbard, W.,
Design of a Neural Network Character Recognizer for a Touch Terminal,
PR(24), No. 2, 1991, pp. 105-119.
WWW Version. BibRef 9100

Liang, S., Shridhar, M., Ahmadi, M.,
Segmentation Of Touching Characters In Printed Document Recognition,
PR(27), No. 6, June 1994, pp. 825-840. BibRef 9406
Earlier:
WWW Version. ICDAR93(569-572). BibRef

Su, L.[Liang], Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M.,
A Morphological Approach to Text String Extraction from Regular Periodic Overlapping Text-Background Images,
GMIP(56), No. 5, September 1994, pp. 402-413. BibRef 9409
Earlier: ICIP94(I: 144-148).
WWW Version. 9411E.g. the kinds of text in newspaper headlines. BibRef

Wang, J., and Jean, J.,
Segmentation of Merged Characters by Neural Networks and Shortest Path,
PR(27), No. 5, May 1994, pp. 649-658.
WWW Version. BibRef 9405

Iliescu, S., Shinghal, R., Teo, R.Y.M.,
Proposed Heuristic Procedures to Preprocess Character Patterns Using Line Adjacency Graphs,
PR(29), No. 6, June 1996, pp. 951-975.
WWW Version. 9606 BibRef

Whichello, A.P., Yan, H.,
Linking Broken Character Borders with Variable Sized Masks to Improve Recognition,
PR(29), No. 8, August 1996, pp. 1429-1435.
WWW Version. 9608 BibRef

Lee, S.W., Lee, D.J., Park, H.S.,
A New Methodology for Gray-Scale Character Segmentation and Recognition,
PAMI(18), No. 10, October 1996, pp. 1045-1050.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9611 BibRef
And: Corrections: PAMI(18), No. 12, December 1996, pp. 1262.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef

Holeva, L.F.,
Foreground-Background Segmentation of Optical Character-Recognition Labels by a Single Layer Recurrent Neural-Network,
JEI(5), No. 2, April 1996, pp. 225-236. 9609 BibRef

Lu, Y., Shridhar, M.,
Character Segmentation in Handwritten Words: An Overview,
PR(29), No. 1, January 1996, pp. 77-96.
WWW Version. BibRef 9601

Shi, Z.X., Govindaraju, V.,
Segmentation and Recognition of Connected Handwritten Numeral Strings,
PR(30), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 1501-1504.
WWW Version. 9708 BibRef

Liang, S., Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M.,
Segmentation of Handwritten Interference Marks Using Multiple Directional Stroke Planes and Reformalized Morphological Approach,
IP(6), No. 8, August 1997, pp. 1195-1202.
WWW Version. 9708 BibRef

Huttenlocher, D.P.[Daniel P.], Hopcroft, M.J.[Michael J.],
Method of deriving wordshapes for subsequent comparison,
US_Patent5,640,466, June 17, 1997.
WWW Version. BibRef 9706

Le Cun, Y.A.[Yann Andre],
Method and apparatus for standardization of inputs to word recognition systems,
US_Patent5,774,586, June 30, 1998.
WWW Version. BibRef 9806

Tseng, L.Y.[Lin Yu], Chen, R.C.[Rung Ching],
Segmenting Handwritten Chinese Characters Based on Heuristic Merging of Stroke Bounding Boxes and Dynamic Programming,
PRL(19), No. 10, 31 August 1998, pp. 963-973. BibRef 9808

Bae, J.H., Jung, K.C., Kim, J.W., Kim, H.J.,
Segmentation of Touching Characters Using an MLP,
PRL(19), No. 8, June 1998, pp. 701-709. 9808 BibRef

Yanikoglu, B.[Berrin], Sandon, P.A.[Peter A.],
Segmentation of off-line cursive handwriting using linear programming,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1825-1833.
WWW Version. BibRef 9812

Yu, D.G.[Dong-Gang], Yan, H.[Hong],
Separation of single-touching handwritten numeral strings based on structural features,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1835-1847.
WWW Version. BibRef 9812

Yu, D.G.[Dong-Gang], Yan, H.[Hong],
Separation of touching handwritten multi-numeral strings based on morphological structural features,
PR(34), No. 3, March 2001, pp. 587-599.
WWW Version. 0101 BibRef

Yu, D.G.[Dong-Gang], Yan, H.[Hong],
Reconstruction of broken handwritten digits based on structural morphological features,
PR(34), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 235-254.
WWW Version. 0011 BibRef

Lu, Z.[Zhongkang], Chi, Z.[Zheru], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi], Shi, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
A background-thinning-based approach for separating and recognizing connected handwritten digit strings,
PR(32), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 921-933.
WWW Version. BibRef 9906

Nakajima, Y., Mori, S., Takegami, S., Sato, S.,
Global methods for stroke segmentation,
IJDAR(2), No. 1, 1999, pp. 19-23. BibRef 9900

Chang, T.C., Chen, S.Y.,
Character Segmentation Using Convex-Hull Techniques,
PRAI(13), No. 6, September 1999, pp. 833. 0005 BibRef

Yanikoglu, B.A.[Berrin A.],
Pitch Based Segmentation and Recognition of Dot-Matrix Text,
IJDAR(3), No. 1, 2000, pp. 34-39. 0008 BibRef

Xiao, X.H.[Xu-Hong], Leedham, G.[Graham],
Knowledge-based English cursive script segmentation,
PRL(21), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 945-954. 0008 See also Signature verification using a modified Bayesian network. BibRef

Chen, Y.[Yan], Leedham, G.,
Independent component analysis segmentation algorithm,
ICDAR05(II: 680-684).
WWW Version. 0508Segmenting overlapping strokes. BibRef

Zhu, X.Y.[Xiao-Yan], Hao, Y.[Yu], Shi, Y.[Yifan], Wang, S.[Song],
A Criterion Based on Fourier Transform for Segmentation of Connected Digits,
IJDAR(3), No. 1, 2000, pp. 27-33. 0008 BibRef

Cheriet, M.,
Extraction of Handwritten Data from Noisy Gray-Level Images Using a Multiscale Approach,
PRAI(13), No. 5, August 1999, pp. 665. 0005 BibRef

Azmi, R., Kabir, E.,
A new segmentation technique for omnifont Farsi text,
PRL(22), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 97-104. 0101 BibRef

Sharma, G.,
Show-through cancellation in scans of duplex printed documents,
IP(10), No. 5, May 2001, pp. 736-754.
WWW Version. 0105 BibRef

Sharma, G.,
Cancellation of Show-through in Duplex Scanning,
ICIP00(Vol II: 609-612).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Ye, X.Y.[Xiang-Yun], Cheriet, M., Suen, C.Y.,
Stroke-model-based character extraction from gray-level document images,
IP(10), No. 8, August 2001, pp. 1152-1161.
WWW Version. 0108 BibRef

Melhi, M., Ipson, S.S., Booth, W.,
A novel triangulation procedure for thinning hand-written text,
PRL(22), No. 10, August 2001, pp. 1059-1071.
HTML Version. 0108 BibRef

Park, H.C.[Hwan-Chul], Ok, S.Y.[Se-Young], Yu, Y.J.[Young-Jung], Cho, H.G.[Hwan-Gue],
A word extraction algorithm for machine-printed documents using a 3D neighborhood graph model,
IJDAR(4), No. 2 2001, pp. 115-130.
HTML Version. 0201 BibRef

Bansal, V.[Veena], Sinha, R.M.K.,
Segmentation of touching and fused Devanagari characters,
PR(35), No. 4, April 2002, pp. 875-893.
WWW Version. 0201 BibRef

Lu, Z.[Zhongkang], Chi, Z.[Zheru], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Extraction and Optimization of B-Spline PBD Templates for Recognition of Connected Handwritten Digit Strings,
PAMI(24), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 132-139.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0201PBD: Pixel-Boundary-Distance BibRef

Zhou, J.[Jie], Krzyzak, A.[Adam], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Verification Method of Enhancing the Recognizers of Isolated and Touching Handwritten Numerals,
PR(35), No. 5, May 2002, pp. 1179-1189.
WWW Version. 0202 BibRef

Goto, H.[Hideaki], Aso, H.[Hirotomo],
Character pattern extraction from documents with complex backgrounds,
IJDAR(4), No. 4, 2002, pp. 258-268.
HTML Version. 0208 BibRef
Earlier:
Character Pattern Extraction Based on Local Multilevel Thresholding and Region Growing,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 430-433).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009To get the characters from the background (i.e. printed over an image). Use multilevel thresholding and region growing. For small characters, 1.5 pixels wide. BibRef

Goto, H., Aso, H.,
Character pattern extraction from colorful documents with complex backgrounds,
ICPR02(III: 180-183).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Goto, H., Aso, H.,
Screen pattern removal for character pattern extraction from high-resolution color document images,
ICPR04(I: 490-493).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Zhong, D.X.[David X.],
Extraction of embedded and/or line-touching character-like objects,
PR(35), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 2453-2466.
WWW Version. 0208 BibRef

Pal, U., Belaïd, A., Choisy, C.,
Touching numeral segmentation using water reservoir concept,
PRL(24), No. 1-3, January 2003, pp. 261-272.
HTML Version. 0211 BibRef
Earlier:
Water reservoir based approach for touching numeral segmentation,
ICDAR01(892-896).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Garain, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Segmentation of touching characters in printed Devnagari and Bangla scripts using fuzzy multifactorial analysis,
SMC-C(32), No. 4, November 2002, pp. 449-459.
IEEE Top Reference. 0301 BibRef
Earlier: ICDAR01(805-809).
WWW Version. 0109 See also Segmentation of touching symbols for OCR of printed mathematical expressions: an approach based on multifactorial analysis. BibRef

Elnagar, A.[Ashraf], Alhajj, R.[Reda],
Segmentation of connected handwritten numeral strings,
PR(36), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 625-634.
WWW Version. 0301 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
A novel approach to separate handwritten connected digits,
ICDAR03(1198-1202).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Alhajj, R., Elnagar, A.,
Multiagents to Separating Handwritten Connected Digits,
SMC-A(35), No. 5, September 2005, pp. 593-602.
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Song, J.Q.[Ji-Qiang], Li, Z.[Zuo], Lyu, M.R., Cai, S.J.[Shi-Jie],
Recognition of merged characters based on forepart prediction, necessity-sufficiency matching, and character-adaptive masking,
SMC-B(35), No. 1, February 2005, pp. 2-11.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0501 BibRef

Ben Braiek, E.[Ezzedine], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Dori, V.[Vincent],
SKCS: New separable kernel family with compact support: Application to visual segmentation of handwritten data,
ELCVIA(5), No. 1, March 2005, pp. 14-29.
WWW Version. See also KCS--New--New Kernel Family with Compact Support in Scale Space: Formulation and Impact. BibRef 0503

Liang, Z.[Zhizhen], Shi, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
A metasynthetic approach for segmenting handwritten Chinese character strings,
PRL(26), No. 10, 15 July 2005, pp. 1498-1511.
WWW Version. 0506 BibRef

Nomura, S.[Shigueo], Yamanaka, K.[Keiji], Katai, O.[Osamu], Kawakami, H.[Hiroshi], Shiose, T.[Takayuki],
A novel adaptive morphological approach for degraded character image segmentation,
PR(38), No. 11, November 2005, pp. 1961-1975.
WWW Version. 0509 BibRef

Uchida, S., Nomura, A., Suzuki, M.,
Quantitative analysis of mathematical documents,
IJDAR(7), No. 4, September 2005, pp. 211-218.
WWW Version. 0512 BibRef

Suzuki, M., Uchida, S., Nomura, A.,
A ground-truthed mathematical character and symbol image database,
ICDAR05(II: 675-679).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Nomura, A., Michishita, K., Uchida, S., Suzuki, M.,
Detection and segmentation of touching characters in mathematical expressions,
ICDAR03(126-130).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Garain, U.[Utpal], Paquet, T.[Thierry], Heutte, L.[Laurent],
On foreground/background separation in low quality document images,
IJDAR(8), No. 1, April 2006, pp. 47-63.
WWW Version. 0605 BibRef
Earlier:
On foreground-background separation in low quality color document images,
ICDAR05(II: 585-589).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Dawoud, A.,
Iterative Cross Section Sequence Graph for Handwritten Character Segmentation,
IP(16), No. 8, August 2007, pp. 2150-2154.
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef


Ophir, B.[Boaz], Malah, D.[David],
Show-Through Cancellation in Scanned Images using Blind Source Separation Techniques,
ICIP07(III: 233-236).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Chou, C.H., Guo, C.Y., Chang, F.,
Recognition of Fragmented Characters Using Multiple Feature-Subset Classifiers,
ICDAR07(198-202).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Wachenfeld, S., Klein, H.U., Jiang, X.,
Annotated Databases for the Recognition of Screen-Rendered Text,
ICDAR07(272-276).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Wachenfeld, S., Fleischer, S., Klein, H.U., Jiang, X.,
Segmentation of Very Low Resolution Screen-Rendered Text,
ICDAR07(1153-1157).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Renaudin, C.[Christophe],
A General Method of Segmentation-Recognition Collaboration Applied to Pairs of Touching and Overlapping Symbols,
ICDAR07(659-663).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Kokla, V., Psarrou, A., Konstantinou, V.,
Ink recognition based on statistical classification methods,
DIAL06(254-264).
WWW Version. 0604 BibRef

Yuan, B.[Bo], Kwoh, L.K.[Leong Keong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Finding the Best-Fit Bounding-Boxes,
DAS06(268-279).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Yuan, B.[Bo], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A multi-level component grouping algorithm and its applications,
ICDAR05(II: 1178-1181).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Suwa, M.,
Segmentation of connected handwritten numerals by graph representation,
ICDAR05(II: 750-754).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Yin, L.[Liu], Yu, Y.[Yajie], Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin],
Online segmentation of freehand stroke by dynamic programming,
ICDAR05(I: 197-201).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Oliveira, L.S., de Souza Britto, Jr., A.[Alceu], Sabourin, R.,
A synthetic database to assess segmentation algorithms,
ICDAR05(I: 207-211).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Yokobayashi, M., Wakahara, T.,
Segmentation and recognition of characters in scene images using selective binarization in color space and GAT correlation,
ICDAR05(I: 167-171).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Wei, X.H.[Xiang-Hui], Ma, S.[Shaoping], Jin, Y.[Yijiang],
Segmentation of connected Chinese characters based on genetic algorithm,
ICDAR05(II: 645-649).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Deufemia, V.[Vincenzo], Risi, M.[Michele],
A Dynamic Stroke Segmentation Technique for Sketched Symbol Recognition,
IbPRIA05(II:328).
WWW Version. 0509 BibRef

Costagliola, G., Deufemia, V., Risi, M.,
Sketch Grammars: a formalism for describing and recognizing diagrammatic sketch languages,
ICDAR05(II: 1226-1230).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Kim, M.S.[Min Soo], Cho, K.T.[Kyu Tae], Kwag, H.K.[Hee Kue], Kim, J.H.[Jin Hyung],
Segmentation of Handwritten Characters for Digitalizing Korean Historical Documents,
DAS04(114-124).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Kim, M.S.[Min-Soo], Jang, M.D.[Man-Dae], Choi, H.I.[Hyun-Il], Rhee, T.H.[Taik-Heon], Kim, J.H.[Jin-Hyung], Kwag, H.K.[Hee-Kue],
Digitalizing scheme of handwritten Hanja historical documents,
DIAL04(321-327).
WWW Version. 0404 BibRef

Li, Y.[Yun], Naoi, S., Cheriet, M., Suen, C.Y.,
A segmentation method for touching italic characters,
ICPR04(II: 594-597).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Legal-Ayala, H.A., Facon, J.,
Image segmentation by learning approach,
ICDAR03(819-823).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Wolf, C.[Christian], Jolion, J.M.[Jean-Michel], Chassaing, F.,
Text localization, enhancement and binarization in multimedia documents,
ICPR02(II: 1037-1040).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Kim, S.H., Jeong, C.B., Kwag, H.K., Suen, C.Y.,
Word segmentation of printed text lines based on gap clustering and special symbol detection,
ICPR02(II: 320-323).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Kim, S.H., Jeong, S., Lee, G.S.[Guee-Sang], Suen, C.Y.,
Word segmentation in handwritten Korean text lines based on gap clustering techniques,
ICDAR01(189-193).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Maragoudakis, M., Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N.,
Incorporating conditional independence assumption with support vector machines to enhance handwritten character segmentation performance,
ICPR02(III: 911-914).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Maragoudakis, M., Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
How conditional independence assumption affects handwritten character segmentation,
ICDAR01(246-250).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Lehal, G.S., Singh, C.[Chandan],
A Technique for Segmentation of Gurmukhi Text,
CAIP01(191 ff.).
HTML Version. 0210 BibRef

de Stefano, C., Marcelli, A.,
From ligatures to characters: a shape-based algorithm for handwriting segmentation,
FHR02(473-478).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Takru, K., Leedham, G.,
Separation of touching and overlapping words in adjacent lines of handwritten text,
FHR02(496-501).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Mestetskii, L.M., Reyer, I.A., Sederberg, T.W.,
Continuous approach to segmentation of handwritten text,
FHR02(440-445).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
A system for the off-line recognition of handwritten text,
ICPR94(B:129-134).
WWW Version. 9410 BibRef
Earlier:
Representations and metrics for off-line handwriting segmentation,
FHR02(428-433).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef
Earlier:
Segmentation of handprinted letter strings using a dynamic programming algorithm,
ICDAR01(821-826).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Yamaguchi, T., Tsuruoka, S., Yoshikawa, T., Shinogi, T., Makimoto, E., Ogata, H., Shridhar, M.,
A segmentation system for touching handwritten Japanese characters,
FHR02(407-412).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Yamaguchi, T., Yoshikawa, T., Shinogi, T., Tsuruoka, S., Teramoto, M.,
A segmentation method for touching Japanese handwritten characters based on connecting condition of lines,
ICDAR01(837-841).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Lu, Z., Schwartz, R., Raphael, C.,
Script-independent, HMM-based Text Line Finding for OCR,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 551-554).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Wang, Y., Phillips, I.T., Haralick, R.M.,
Statistical-based Approach to Word Segmentation,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 555-558).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Stamatatos, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
Handwritten Character Segmentation Using Transformation-based Learning,
ICPR00(Vol II: 634-637).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Tonazzini, A., Bedini, L.,
Character segmentation in highly blurred ancient printed documents,
CIAP99(836-841).
WWW Version. 9909 BibRef

Giorgini, F., Verrini, A., Dellepiane, S.G.,
A fuzzy approach to segment document images,
CIAP99(987-991).
WWW Version. 9909 BibRef

Anegawa, M., Kuroda, H., Miyahara, S., Tsuruhara, K., Nakamura, A.,
Handwritten Chinese Character Segmentation Using Local Potential Threshold and Minimum Potential Search,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Rodriguez, C., Muguerza, C., Zarate, A., Navarro, M., Martin, J.I.[Jose Ignacio], Perez, J.,
Segmentation of Low-Quality Typewritten Digits,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1106-1109).
WWW Version. 9808 BibRef

Gu, L.[Lixu], Kaneko, T.[Toyohisa], Tanaka, N.[Naoki], Haralick, R.M.[Robert M.],
Robust Extraction of Characters from Color Scene Image Using Mathematical Morphology,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1002-1004).
WWW Version. 9808 BibRef

Okamoto, M., Yamamoto, H., Sawada, K., Yamamoto, K.,
On-Line Handwriting Character String Separation Method Using Network Expression,
ICPR96(IV: 422-425).
WWW Version. 9608(SANYO Electric Co.,Ltd., J) BibRef

Plamondon, R., Guerfali, W.,
Why Handwriting Segmentation Can Be Misleading,
ICPR96(IV: 396-400).
WWW Version. 9608(Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, CDN) BibRef

Dias, A.P.[Antonio P.],
Maximum Spanning Trees For Text Segmentation,
SDAIR96(XX) Harvard University. BibRef 9600

Ponte, J.M.[Jay M.], Croft, W.B.[W. Bruce],
USeg: A Retargetable Word Segmentation Procedure for Information Retrieval,
SDAIR96(XX) University of Massachusetts. BibRef 9600

Lu, Y.,
On the Segmentation of Touching Characters,
ICDAR93(440-443). BibRef 9300

Cheriet, M., Huang, Y.S., and Suen, C.Y.,
Background Region-Based Algorithm for the Segmentation of Connected Digits,
ICPR92(II:619-622).
WWW Version. BibRef 9200

Dunn, C.E., and Wang, P.S.P.,
Character Segmenting Techniques for Handwritten Text: A Survey,
ICPR92(II:577-580).
WWW Version. 9208 BibRef

Bayer, T., Kressel, U., and Hammelsbeck, M.,
Segmenting Merged Characters,
ICPR92(II:346-349).
WWW Version. BibRef 9200

Wilkinson, R.A.,
Segmenting Text Images with Massively Parallel Machines,
SPIE(1607), November 1991, pp. 312-323. BibRef 9111

Wilkinson, R.A., and Garris, M.D.,
Comparison of Massively Parallel Hand-Print Segmentors,
SPIE(1825), November 1992. BibRef 9211
And: NISTIR4923 September 1992. BibRef

Wilkinson, R.A., Garris, M.D., and Wilson, C.L.,
Using Self-Organizing Recognition as a Mechanism for Rejecting Segmentation Errors,
SPIE(1825), November 1992. BibRef 9211
And: NISTIR4938, October 1992. BibRef

Garris, M.D.,
Component-Based Handprint Segmentation Using Adaptive Writing Style Model,
NISTIR5843, May 1996. BibRef 9605

Ablameyko, S.V., Okun, O.,
Printed text segmentation using distance transform,
CAIP93(599-603).
WWW Version. 9309 BibRef

Geist, J.C., and Wilkinson, R.A.,
OCR Error Rate Versus Rejection Rate for Isolated Handprint Characters,
SPIE(1906), February 1993. BibRef 9302
And: NISTIR4990, December 1992. BibRef

Wilson, C.L.,
Effectiveness of Feature and Classifier Algorithms in Character Recognition Systems,
NISTIR4995, December 1992. BibRef 9212
And: SPIE(1906), February 1993. BibRef

Wilkinson, R.A.,
Dictionary Production for Census Form Conference,
NISTIR5180, April 1993
HTML Version. BibRef 9304

Wilkinson, R.A., Garris, M.D., Geist, J.C.,
Machine-Assisted Human Classification of Segmented Characters for OCR Testing and Training,
NISTIR5105, December, 1992. BibRef 9212
And: SPIE(1906), February 1993. BibRef

Ariyoshi, S.,
A character segmentation method for Japanese printed documents coping with touching character problems,
ICPR92(II:313-316).
WWW Version. 9208 BibRef

Tampi, K.R., Chetlur, S.S.,
Segmentation of Handwritten Characters,
ICPR86(684-686). BibRef 8600

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Binarization -- Threshold selection for documents .


Last update:Jun 25, 2008 at 13:37:57