23.4.4.2 Chinese Characters, Using Stroke and Radical Analysis

Chapter Contents (Back)
OCR. Stroke Based. Character Recognition.

Kobaysahi, K., Yoda, F., Yamamoto, K., Nambu, H.,
Recognition of Handprinted Kanji Characters by the Stroke Matching Method,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 481-488. BibRef 8300

Zhang, X., Xia, Y.,
The Automatic Recognition of Handprinted Chinese Characters: A Method of Extracting an Ordered Sequence of Strokes,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 259-265. BibRef 8300

Yamashita, Y., Higuchi, K., Yamada, Y., Haga, Y.,
Classification of Handprinted Kanji Characters by Structured Segment Matching,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 475-479. BibRef 8300

Leung, C.H., Cheung, Y.S., Wong, Y.L.,
A Knowledge-Based Stroke-Matching Method for Chinese Character Recognition,
SMC(17), 1987, pp. 993-1003. BibRef 8700

Chen, P.N., Chen, Y.S., Hsu, W.H.,
Stroke Relation Coding: A New Approach to the Recognition of Multi-Font Printed Chinese Characters,
PRAI(2), 1988, pp. 149-160. BibRef 8800

Liao, C.W.[Chia-Wei], Huang, J.S.[Jun S.],
Stroke Segmentation by Bernstein-Bezier Curve Fitting,
PR(23), No. 5, 1990, pp. 475-484.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Ju, R.H.[Rong-Hauh], Jou, I.C.[I-Chang], Tsay, M.K.[Mu-King],
Zooming techniques on digital Chinese character patterns: a further study and improvement,
IVC(9), No. 3, June 1991, pp. 194-200.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Tseng, L.Y., Chuang, C.T.,
An efficient knowledge-based stroke extraction method for multi-font chinese characters,
PR(25), No. 12, December 1992, pp. 1445-1458.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Hsieh, C.C.[Chen-Chiung], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
Off-line recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by on-line model-guided matching,
PR(25), No. 11, November 1992, pp. 1337-1352.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef
And:
A probabilistic stroke-based Viterbi algorithm for handwritten Chinese characters recognition,
ICPR92(II:191-194).
WWW Version. 9208 BibRef

Lee, H.J., Chen, B.,
Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Characters via Short Line Segments,
PR(25), No. 5, May 1992, pp. 543-552.
WWW Version. BibRef 9205

Cheng, F.H.[Fang-Hsuan], Hsu, W.H.[Wen-Hsing], Kuo, M.C.[Ming-Chuan],
Recognition of handprinted chinese characters via stroke relaxation,
PR(26), No. 4, April 1993, pp. 579-593.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Cheng, F.H.,
Multi-Stroke Relaxation Matching Method For Handwritten Chinese Character-Recognition,
PR(31), No. 4, April 1998, pp. 401-410.
WWW Version. 9803 BibRef

Cheng, R.H., Lee, C.W., Chen, Z.,
Preclassification of Handwritten Chinese Characters Based on Basic Stroke Substructures,
PRL(16), No. 10, October 1995, pp. 1023-1032. BibRef 9510

Wang, A.B., Fan, K.C., Wu, W.H.,
Recursive Hierarchical Radical Extraction for Handwritten Chinese Characters,
PR(30), No. 7, July 1997, pp. 1213-1227.
WWW Version. 9707 BibRef
Earlier:
A Recursive Hierarchical Scheme for Radical Extraction of Handwritten Chinese Characters,
ICPR96(III: 240-244).
WWW Version. 9608(National Central Univ., ROC) BibRef

Wang, A.B.[An-Bang], Fan, K.C.[Kuo-Chin],
Optical recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by hierarchical radical matching method,
PR(34), No. 1, January 2001, pp. 15-35.
WWW Version. 0010 BibRef

Lee, C.N., Wu, B.H.,
A Chinese Character Stroke Extraction Algorithm Based on Contour Information,
PR(31), No. 6, June 1998, pp. 651-663.
WWW Version. 9806 BibRef

Lee, C., Wu, B., Huang, W.C.,
Integration of Multiple Levels of Contour Information for Chinese-Character Stroke Extraction,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Chang, H.H., Yan, H.,
Analysis of Stroke Structures of Handwritten Chinese Characters,
SMC-B(29), No. 1, February 1999, pp. 47-61.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9902

Kim, J.W.[Jin Wook], Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Choi, B.J.[Bong Joon], Kim, H.J.[Hang Joon],
Decomposition of Chinese character into strokes using mathematical morphology,
PRL(20), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 285-292 BibRef 9903

Chiu, H.P.[Hung-Pin], Tseng, D.C.[Din-Chang],
A novel stroke-based feature extraction for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PR(32), No. 12, December 1999, pp. 1947-1959.
WWW Version. BibRef 9912

Tseng, Y.H.[Yi-Hong], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
Recognition-based handwritten Chinese character segmentation using a probabilistic Viterbi algorithm,
PRL(20), No. 8, August 1999, pp. 791-806. BibRef 9908

Liu, K.[Ke], Huang, Y.S.[Yea S.], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Identification of Fork Points on the Skeletons of Handwritten Chinese Characters,
PAMI(21), No. 10, October 1999, pp. 1095-1100. 799914 Stroke extraction for recognition. BibRef 9910

Tang, Y.Y., Suen, C.Y.,
Extraction of peripheral shape features in Chinese character recognition,
ICPR94(B:377-379).
WWW Version. 9410 BibRef

He, R.[Rong], Yan, H.[Hong],
Stroke extraction as pre-processing step to improve thinning results of Chinese characters,
PRL(21), No. 9, August 2000, pp. 817-825. 0008 BibRef

Fan, K.C.[Kuo-Chin], Wu, W.H.[Wei-Hsien],
A Run-length Coding Based Approach to Stroke Extraction of Chinese Characters,
PR(33), No. 11, November 2000, pp. 1881-1895.
WWW Version. 0011 BibRef
Earlier: ICPR00(Vol II: 565-568).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Kim, I.J.[In-Jung], Kim, J.H.[Jin H.],
Model-based stroke extraction and matching for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PR(34), No. 12, December 2001, pp. 2339-2352.
WWW Version. 0110 See also Hierarchical random graph representation of handwritten characters and its application to Hangul recognition. BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Marukawa, K.[Katsumi],
Pseudo two-dimensional shape normalization methods for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PR(38), No. 12, December 2005, pp. 2242-2255.
WWW Version. 0510 BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition: Effects of Shape Normalization and Feature Extraction,
SACH06(xx-yy).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Sako, H., Fujisawa, H.,
Handwritten Chinese character recognition: Alternatives to nonlinear normalization,
ICDAR03(524-528).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Sako, H., Fujisawa, H.,
Learning quadratic discriminant function for handwritten character classification,
ICPR02(IV: 44-47).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Fujisawa, H., Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Directional pattern matching for character recognition revisited,
ICDAR03(794-798).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Kim, I.J.[In-Jung], Kim, J.H.[Jin-Hyung],
Statistical character structure modeling and its application to handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PAMI(25), No. 11, November 2003, pp. 1422-1436.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Kim, I.J.[In-Jung], Kim, J.H.[Jin-Hyung],
Pair-wise discrimination based on a stroke importance measure,
PR(35), No. 10, October 2002, pp. 2259-2266.
WWW Version. 0206 BibRef

Su, Y.M.[Yih-Ming], Wang, J.F.[Jhing-Fa],
A novel stroke extraction method for Chinese characters using Gabor filters,
PR(36), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 635-647.
WWW Version. 0301 BibRef

Shi, D.M.[Da-Ming], Gunn, S.R.[Steve R.], Damper, R.I.[Robert I.],
Handwritten Chinese character recognition using nonlinear active shape models and the Viterbi algorithm,
PRL(23), No. 14, December 2002, pp. 1853-1862.
HTML Version. 0208 BibRef

Shi, D.M.[Da-Ming], Gunn, S.R.[Steve R.], Damper, R.I.[Robert I.],
Handwritten chinese radical recognition using nonlinear active shape models,
PAMI(25), No. 2, February 2003, pp. 277-280.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0301 BibRef
Earlier:
A Radical Approach to Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Using Active Handwriting Models,
CVPR01(I:670-675).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0110 BibRef
And:
Active radical modeling for handwritten Chinese characters,
ICDAR01(236-240).
WWW Version. 0109First extract the basic shapes (radicals), nonlinear active shape models. BibRef

Shi, D., Ng, G.S., Damper, R.I., Gunn, S.R.,
Radical recognition of handwritten Chinese characters using GA-based kernel active shape modelling,
VISP(152), No. 5, October 2005, pp. 634-638.
WWW Version. 0512 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A4, A3:
Nonlinear active handwriting models and their applications to handwritten Chinese radical recognition,
ICDAR03(534-538).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Su, Y.M.[Yih-Ming], Wang, J.F.[Jhing-Fa],
A Learning Process to the Identification of Feature Points on Chinese Characters,
SMC-A(33), No. 3, May 2003, pp. 386-395.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0309 BibRef
Earlier: ICPR02(III: 93-97).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Wong, S.T.S.[Sam T.S.], Leung, H.[Howard], Ip, H.H.S.[Horace H.S.],
Model-based analysis of Chinese calligraphy images,
CVIU(109), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 69-85.
WWW Version. 0801 BibRef
Earlier:
Brush Writing Style Classification from Individual Chinese Characters,
ICPR06(I: 884-887).
WWW Version. 0609Virtual Brush; Model-based analysis; Chinese calligraphy images; Automatic brush parameter estimation BibRef


Liu, X., Jia, Y.,
Character Stroke Extraction Based on B-spline Curve Matching by Constrained Alternating Optimization,
ICDAR07(13-17).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Jin, L., Zu, X.,
Synthesis of Chinese Character Using Affine Transformation,
ICDAR07(218-222).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Zhou, X.D., Liu, C.L., Quiniou, S., Anquetil, E.,
Text/Non-text Ink Stroke Classification in Japanese Handwriting Based on Markov Random Fields,
ICDAR07(377-381).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Su, T.H., Zhang, T.W., Huang, H.J., Zhou, Y.,
Skew Detection for Chinese Handwriting by Horizontal Stroke Histogram,
ICDAR07(899-903).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Ota, I., Yamamoto, R., Sako, S., Sagayama, S.,
Online Handwritten Kanji Recognition Based on Inter-stroke Grammar,
ICDAR07(1188-1192).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Soong, F.,
Minimum Error Discriminative Training for Radical-Based Online Chinese Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR07(53-57).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Bai, Z.L.[Zhen-Long], Huo, Q.[Qiang],
A study on the use of 8-directional features for online handwritten Chinese character recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 262-266).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Lam, Y.K.[Yat-Kin], Huo, Q.[Qiang],
A data structure using hashing and tries for efficient Chinese lexical access,
ICDAR05(I: 506-510).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Cao, H.[Hong], Kot, A.C.,
Online Structure Based Chinese Character Pre-Classification,
ICPR04(II: 395-398).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Su, Y.M.[Yih-Ming], Wang, J.F.[Jhing-Fa],
Decomposing chinese characters into stroke segments using SOGD filters and orientation normalization,
ICPR04(II: 351-354).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Nishimura, H., Timikawa, T.,
Off-line character recognition using on-line character writing information,
ICDAR03(168-172).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Nakai, M., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.,
Generation of hierarchical dictionary for stroke-order free Kanji handwriting recognition based on substroke HMM,
ICDAR03(514-518).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Shimodaira, H., Sudo, T., Nakai, M., Sagayama, S.,
On-line overlaid-handwriting recognition based on substroke HMMs,
ICDAR03(1043-1047).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Nakai, M., Sudo, T., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.,
Pen pressure features for writer-independent on-line handwriting recognition based on substroke HMM,
ICPR02(III: 220-223).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Tokuno, J., Inami, N., Matsuda, S., Nakai, M., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.,
Context-dependent substroke model for HMM-based on-line handwriting recognition,
FHR02(78-83).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Nakai, M., Akira, N., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.,
Substroke approach to HMM-based on-line Kanji handwriting recognition,
ICDAR01(491-495).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Mi, X.F.[Xiao-Feng], Xu, J.[Jie], Tang, M.[Min], Dong, J.X.[Jin-Xiang],
The droplet virtual brush for Chinese calligraphic character modeling,
WACV02(330-334).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0303 BibRef

Velek, O.[Ondrej], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Using Stroke-Number-Characteristics for Improving Efficiency of Combined Online and Offline Japanese Character Classifiers,
DAS02(115 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303 BibRef

Yang, Y.P.[Yi-Ping], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Layered Search Spaces for Accelerating Large Set Character Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 1006-1009).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Yang, Y.P.[Yi-Ping], Velek, O., Nakagawa, M.,
Accelerating large character set recognition using pivots,
ICDAR03(262-267).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Lin, F.[Feng], Tang, X.[Xiaoou],
Off-line handwritten chinese character stroke extraction,
ICPR02(III: 249-252).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Matic, N.P., Platt, J.C., Wang, T.,
Quickstroke: an incremental on-line Chinese handwriting recognition system,
ICPR02(III: 435-439).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Tan, C.K.[Chwee Keng],
An algorithm for on-line strokes verification of chinese characters using discrete features,
FHR02(339-344).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Cao, R., Tan, C.L.,
A Model of Stroke Extraction from Chinese Character Images,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 368-371).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Yang, H.M.[Hsi-Ming], Lu, J.J.[Jainn-Jyh], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
A Bezier curve-based approach to shape description for Chinese calligraphy characters,
ICDAR01(276-280).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Gao, X.[Xue], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen], Yin, J.X.[Jun-Xun], Huang, J.C.[Jian-Cheng],
A new stroke-based directional feature extraction approach for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
ICDAR01(635-639).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Wang, Q.[Qing], Chi, Z.[Zheru], Feng, D.D., Zhao, R.C.[Rong-Chun],
Match between normalization schemes and feature sets for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
ICDAR01(551-555).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Velek, O., Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Nakagawa, M.,
Generating realistic Kanji character images from on-line patterns,
ICDAR01(556-560).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Ip, W.W.S., Chung, K.F.L., Yeung, D.S.,
Off-Line Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition via Radical Extraction and Recognition,
ICDAR97(Mo-4A) 9708 BibRef

Xia, F.,
Knowledge-based sub-pattern segmentation: Decompositions of Chinese characters,
ICIP94(I: 179-182).
WWW Version. 9411 BibRef

Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian], Hsu, H.C.[Hung-Chi],
A hierarchical model-guided generation of Chinese characters,
ICPR94(B:256-260).
WWW Version. 9410 BibRef

Shyu, K.H.[Keh-Hwa], Lee, C.J.[Chun-Jen], Tsay, M.K.[Mu-King],
An OCR based translation system between simplified and complex Chinese characters,
ICPR94(B:368-370).
WWW Version. 9410 BibRef

Zhang, Z., He, M., Ge, C.,
A Research on Printed Chinese Character Recognition Based on Stroke Features with Optical/Digital Hybrid Realization,
ICPR88(I: 573-575).
WWW Version.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 8800

Zeng, J., Inoue, T., Sanadi, H., Tezuka, Y.,
A Data Structure Suitable for Representing the Calligraphic Rules for Chinese Character Evaluation,
ICPR88(I: 181-183).
WWW Version.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 8800

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Chinese Characters, Handwritten .


Last update:Jun 25, 2008 at 13:37:57