23.4.6.4 On-Line Signatures, Online Signatures

Signature ID,
2007.
WWW Version. Vendor, Signatures. See also Signature verification apparatus and method utilizing relative angle measurements.

Neuro Script,
1997.
WWW Version. Vendor, Signatures. Record, analyze, evaluate signatures and handwriting movements.

Herbst, N.M., Liu, C.N.,
Automatic Signature Verification Based on Accelerometry,
IBMRD(21), 1977, pp. 245-253. BibRef 7700
And:
Automatic Verification of Signatures by Means of Acceleration,
PRIP77(332-337). BibRef

Lew, J.S.,
An Improved Regional Correlation Algorithm for Signature Verification which Permits Small Speed Changes Between Handwriting Segments,
IBMRD(27), No. 2, March 1983, pp. 181-185. BibRef 8303

Ullmann, J.R.,
Relational Consistency in On-Line Signature Validation,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 469-473. BibRef 8300

Crane, H.D., and Ostrem, J.S.,
Automatic Signature Verification Using a Three-Axis-Force-Sensitive Pen,
SMC(13), 1983, pp. 329-337. BibRef 8300

Scott, W.C.[Warner C.],
Signature verification,
US_Patent4,701,960, 10/20/1987.
HTML Version. BibRef 0010

Gundersen, S.C.[Steven C.], Worthington, T.K.[Thomas K.],
Signature verification algorithm,
US_Patent4,789,934, December 6, 1988.
WWW Version. Pen pressure, acceleration. Pressue sensitive verification was the common attempt. BibRef 8812

Dohle, L.[Lothar], Rudolph, V.[Volker], Ruppert, W.[Werner],
Automatic signature verification,
US_Patent5,251,265, October 5, 1993.
WWW Version. BibRef 9310

Plamondon, R.,
The Design of an On-Line Signature Verification System: From Theory to Practice,
PRAI(8), No. 3, 1994, pp. 795-811. BibRef 9400

Nelson, W.L., Turin, W.L., and Hastie, T.,
Statistical Methods for On-Line Signature Verification,
PRAI(8), No. 3, 1994, pp. 749-770. BibRef 9400

Huang, K., Yan, H.,
Online Signature Verification Based on Dynamic Segmentation and Global and Local Matching,
OptEng(34), No. 12, December 1995, pp. 3480-3487. BibRef 9512

Han, K., Sethi, I.K.,
Handwritten Signature Retrieval and Identification,
PRL(17), No. 1, January 10 1996, pp. 83-90. BibRef 9601
And:
Local Structural Association for Retrieval and Recognition of Signature Images,
SPIE(2420), 1995, pp. 125-136. BibRef

Lee, L.L.[Luan L.], Berger, T.[Toby], Aviczer, E.[Erez],
Reliable Online Human Signature Verification Systems,
PAMI(18), No. 6, June 1996, pp. 643-647.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9607
BibRef

Lee, L.L., Berger, T.,
Reliable on-line human signature verification system for point-of-sales applications,
ICPR94(B:19-23).
IEEE DOI Link 9410
BibRef
Earlier:
Optimization of a Signature Verification System Using a Neural Network,
ICANN93(xx), Amsterdam. BibRef

Lee, L.L.[Luan L.], Berger, T.[Toby],
Adaptive Method and System for Real Time Verification of Dynamic Human Signatures,
US_Patent5,559,895, September 24, 1996.
WWW Version. BibRef 9609

Lee, L.L.,
On-Line Systems for Human Signature Verification,
CornellJanuary 1992, BibRef 9201 Ph.D.Thesis. BibRef

Lee, M.E.[Michael E.],
Signature verification apparatus and method utilizing relative angle measurements,
US_Patent6,236,740, May 22, 2001.
WWW Version. BibRef 0105
Earlier: US_Patent5,422,959, June 6, 1995.
WWW Version. BibRef

Wu, Q.Z., Jou, I.C., Lee, S.Y.,
Online Signature Verification Using LPC Cepstrum and Neural Networks,
SMC-B(27), No. 1, February 1997, pp. 148-153.
IEEE Top Reference. 9702
BibRef

Wu, Q.Z., Lee, S.Y., Jou, I.C.,
Online Signature Verification Based on Split and Merge Matching Mechanism,
PRL(18), No. 7, July 1997, pp. 665-673. 9711
BibRef

Wu, Q.Z.[Quen-Zong], Lee, S.Y.[Suh-Yin], Jou, I.C.[I-Chang],
On-line signature verification based on logarithmic spectrum,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1865-1871.
WWW Version. BibRef 9812

Kashi, R.S., Hu, J., Nelson, W.L., Turin, W.L.,
Hidden Markov Model approach to on-line handwritten signature verification,
IJDAR(1), No. 2, 1998, pp. 319-330. BibRef 9800
Earlier: A1, A2, A4, A3:
On-Line Handwritten Signature Verification Using Hidden Markov Model Features,
ICDAR97(Mo-4C) 9708
BibRef

Martens, R., Claesen, L.,
Incorporating Local Consistency Information into the On-line Signature Verification Process,
IJDAR(1), No. 2, 1998, pp. 319-330. BibRef 9800

Pavlidis, I., Papanikolopoulos, N.P., Mavuduru, R.,
Signature identification through the use of deformable structures,
SP(71), No. 2, 15 December 1998, pp. 187-201. See also On-line handwriting recognition using physics-based shape metamorphosis. BibRef 9812

Fadhel, E.A., Bhattacharyya, P.,
Application of a Steerable Wavelet Transform using Neural Network for Signature Verification,
PAA(2), No. 2, 1999, pp. 184-195. BibRef 9900

Munich, M.E.[Mario E.], Perona, P.,
Visual Input for Pen-Based Computers,
PAMI(24), No. 3, March 2002, pp. 313-328.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0202
BibRef
Earlier: ICIP96(II: 173-176).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef
And: ICPR96(III: 33-37).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(California Institute of Technology, USA) BibRef

Munich, M.E.[Mario E.], Perona, P.[Pietro],
Visual Signature Verification Using Affine Arc-length,
CVPR99(II: 180-186).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9900

Munich, M.E.[Mario E.], Perona, P.[Pietro],
Visual identification by signature tracking,
PAMI(25), No. 2, February 2003, pp. 200-217.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0301
BibRef
Earlier:
Continuous Dynamic Time Warping for Translation-Invariant Curve Alignment with Applications to Signature Verification,
ICCV99(108-115).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef
Earlier:
Visual-Based ID Verification by Signature Tracking,
AVBPA99(xx-yy). BibRef
Earlier:
Camera-Based ID Verification by Signature Tracking,
ECCV98(I: 782).
WWW Version. Camera follows the signature process. BibRef

Zhang, K., Pratikakis, I.E., Cornelis, J., Nyssen, E.,
Using Landmarks to Establish a Point-to-Point Correspondence between Signatures,
MVA(11), No. 6, 2000, pp. 69-75.
HTML Version. 0005
BibRef

Sansone, C.[Carlo], Vento, M.[Mario],
Signature Verification: Increasing Performance by a Multi-Stage System,
PAA(3), No. 2, 2000, pp. 169-181. 0010
BibRef

Chang, S.J.[Sheng-Jiang], Wong, K.W.[Kwok-Wo], Leung, C.S.[Chi-Sing],
Combining DEKF algorithm and trace rule for fast on-line invariance extraction and recognition,
PRL(21), No. 6-7, June 2000, pp. 493-501. 0006
BibRef

Jain, A.K.[Anil K.], Griess, F.D.[Friederike D.], Connell, S.D.[Scott D.],
On-line signature verification,
PR(35), No. 12, December 2002, pp. 2963-2972.
WWW Version. 0209
BibRef

Huang, K.[Kai], Yan, H.[Hong],
Stability and style-variation modeling for on-line signature verification,
PR(36No. 10, October 2003, pp. 2253-2270.
WWW Version. 0308
BibRef

Feng, H.[Hao], Wah, C.C.[Chan Choong],
Online signature verification using a new extreme points warping technique,
PRL(24), No. 16, December 2003, pp. 2943-2951.
WWW Version. 0310
BibRef

Lee, J.Y.[Jae-Yeon], Yoon, H.S.[Ho-Sub], Soh, J.[Jung], Chun, B.T.[Byung Tae], Chung, Y.K.[Yun Koo],
Using geometric extrema for segment-to-segment characteristics comparison in online signature verification,
PR(37), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 93-103.
WWW Version. 0311
BibRef

Yoon, H.S., Lee, J.Y., Yang, H.S.,
An on-line signature verification system using hidden markov model in polar space,
FHR02(329-333).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Fairhurst, M.C., Kaplani, E.,
Perceptual analysis of handwritten signatures for biometric authentication,
VISP(150), No. 6, December 2003, pp. 389-394.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0402
BibRef

Lau, K.K., Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.], Tang, Y.Y.[Yuan Y.],
Directed connection measurement for evaluating reconstructed stroke sequence in handwriting images,
PR(38), No. 3, March 2005, pp. 323-339.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef
Earlier:
Stroke extraction and stroke sequence estimation on signatures,
ICPR02(III: 119-122).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Kholmatov, A.[Alisher], Yanikoglu, B.[Berrin],
Identity authentication using improved online signature verification method,
PRL(26), No. 15, November 2005, pp. 2400-2408.
WWW Version. 0510
BibRef

Nel, E.M.[Emil-Mari], du Preez, J.A.[Johan A.], Herbst, B.M.,
Estimating the Pen Trajectories of Static Signatures Using Hidden Markov Models,
PAMI(27), No. 11, November 2005, pp. 1733-1746.
IEEE DOI Link 0510
BibRef
Earlier:
Estimating the pen trajectories of multi-path static scripts using hidden Markov models,
ICDAR05(I: 41-45).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
Estimate the dynamic properties of the static signature to use in recognition. Use prior dynamic signature date. BibRef

Nel, E.M.[Emli-Mari], du Preez, J.A., Herbst, B.M.,
Verification of dynamic curves extracted from static handwritten scripts,
PR(41), No. 12, December 2008, pp. 3773-3785.
WWW Version. 0810
Pattern recognition; Document and text processing; Document analysis; Handwriting analysis; Estimating pen trajectories of static scripts; Automatic assessment; Stroke recovery BibRef

Engelbrecht, H.A., du Preez, J.A.,
Efficient backward decoding of high-order hidden Markov models,
PR(43), No. 1, January 2010, pp. 99-112,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0909
Hidden Markov model; Decoding; High-order; Search BibRef

Nel, E.M.[Emli-Mari], du Preez, J.A., Herbst, B.M.,
A pseudo-skeletonization algorithm for static handwritten scripts,
IJDAR(12), No. 1, May 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0905
BibRef

Lei, H.S.[Han-Sheng], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
A comparative study on the consistency of features in on-line signature verification,
PRL(26), No. 15, November 2005, pp. 2483-2489.
WWW Version. 0510
BibRef
Earlier:
Similarity-driven sequence classification based on support vector machines,
ICDAR05(I: 252-256).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Guest, R.[Richard],
Age dependency in handwritten dynamic signature verification systems,
PRL(27), No. 10, 15 July 2006, pp. 1098-1104.
WWW Version. Signatures; Handwriting; Age; Features; Biometric systems 0606
BibRef

Fierrez Aguilar, J., Ortega Garcia, J., Gonzalez Rodriguez, J.,
Target Dependent Score Normalization Techniques and Their Application to Signature Verification,
SMC-C(35), No. 3, August 2005, pp. 418-425.
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef
Earlier: ICBA04(498-504).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Fierrez Aguilar, J.[Julian], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier], Ramos, D.[Daniel], Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J.[Joaquin],
HMM-based on-line signature verification: Feature extraction and signature modeling,
PRL(28), No. 16, December 2007, pp. 2325-2334.
WWW Version. 0711
Biometrics; On-line signature; Feature extraction; Hidden Markov Model; Recognition; Verification BibRef

Maiorana, E.[Emanuele], Campisi, P.[Patrizio], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier], Neri, A.[Alessandro],
Cancelable Biometrics for HMM-based Signature Recognition,
BTAS08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Maiorana, E.[Emanuele], Campisi, P.[Patrizio], Neri, A.[Alessandro],
Feature Selection and Binarization for On-Line Signature Recognition,
ICB09(1219-1229).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Maiorana, E.[Emanuele], Martinez-Diaz, M., Campisi, P.[Patrizio], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier], Neri, A.[Alessandro],
Template protection for HMM-based on-line signature authentication,
Biometrics08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Ortega Garcia, J., Fierrez Aguilar, J., Martin Rello, J., Gonzalez Rodriguez, J.,
Complete Signal Modeling and Score Normalization for Function-Based Dynamic Signature Verification,
AVBPA03(658-667).
HTML Version. 0310
BibRef

Nanni, L.[Loris], Lumini, A.[Alessandra],
A novel local on-line signature verification system,
PRL(29), No. 5, 1 April 2008, pp. 559-568.
WWW Version. 0802
On-line signature; Local information; 1-D wavelet transform; One-class classifier; Biometric fusion BibRef

Fierrez Aguilar, J.[Julian], Nanni, L.[Loris], Lopez Peñalba, J.[Jaime], Ortega Garcia, J.[Javier], Maltoni, D.[Davide],
An On-Line Signature Verification System Based on Fusion of Local and Global Information,
AVBPA05(523).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Fierrez Aguilar, J., Alonso Hermira, N., Moreno Marquez, G., Ortega Garcia, J.,
An Off-line Signature Verification System Based on Fusion of Local and Global Information,
BioAW04(295-306).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Alonso-Fernandez, F.[Fernando], Veldhuis, R.N.J., Bazen, A.M., Fierrez-Aguilar, J.[Julian], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier],
Sensor Interoperability and Fusion in Fingerprint Verification: A Case Study using Minutiae-and Ridge-Based Matchers,
ICARCV06(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0612
BibRef

Alonso-Fernandez, F.[Fernando], Fierrez-Aguilar, J.[Julian], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier],
Sensor Interoperability and Fusion in Signature Verification: A Case Study Using Tablet PC,
IWBRS05(180).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Fierrez-Aguilar, J.[Julian], Krawczyk, S.[Stephen], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Fusion of Local and Regional Approaches for On-Line Signature Verification,
IWBRS05(188).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Namboodiri, A.M.[Anoop M.], Saini, S.[Shailesh], Lu, X.G.[Xiao-Guang], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Skilled Forgery Detection in On-Line Signatures: A Multimodal Approach,
ICBA04(505-511).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Khan, M.A.U., Niazi, M.K.K., Khan, M.A.,
Velocity-Image Model for Online Signature Verification,
IP(15), No. 11, November 2006, pp. 3540-3549.
IEEE DOI Link 0610
BibRef

Khan, M.K.[M. Khalid], Khan, M.A.[M. Aurangzeb], Khan, M.A.U.[Mohammad A. U.], Ahmad, I.[Imran],
On-Line Signature Verification by Exploiting Inter-Feature Dependencies,
ICPR06(II: 796-799).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Faundez-Zanuy, M.[Marcos],
On-line signature recognition based on VQ-DTW,
PR(40), No. 3, March 2007, pp. 981-992.
WWW Version. 0611
Biometric recognition; Template matching; Vector quantization; Dynamic time warping BibRef

Fabregas, J.[Joan], Faundez-Zanuy, M.[Marcos],
On-line signature verification system with failure to enrol management,
PR(42), No. 9, September 2009, pp. 2117-2126.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0905
On-line signatures; Biometric authentication; Feature extraction; Individual threshold; Failure to acquire; Failure to enrol See also Biometric dispersion matcher versus LDA. BibRef

Vivaracho-Pascual, C.E.[Carlos E.], Faundez-Zanuy, M.[Marcos], Pascual, J.M.[Juan M.],
An efficient low cost approach for on-line signature recognition based on length normalization and fractional distances,
PR(42), No. 1, January 2009, pp. 183-193.
WWW Version. 0809
On-line signature recognition; Signature normalization; Fractional distances; Dynamic time warping BibRef

Vivaracho-Pascual, C.E., Pascual-Gaspar, J.M., Cardeñoso-Payo, V.,
Feature Selection in a Low Cost Signature Recognition System Based on Normalized Signatures and Fractional Distances,
ICB09(1209-1218).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Pascual-Gaspar, J.M., Cardeñoso-Payo, V., Vivaracho-Pascual, C.E.,
Practical On-Line Signature Verification,
ICB09(1180-1189).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Pascual-Gaspar, J.M., Cardeñoso-Payo, V.,
Automatic Online Signature Verification Using HMMs with User-Dependent Structure,
ICB07(1057-1066).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Gupta, G.K., Joyce, R.C.,
Using position extrema points to capture shape in on-line handwritten signature verification,
PR(40), No. 10, October 2007, pp. 2811-2817.
WWW Version. 0707
Handwritten signature verification; Biometrics; Authentication BibRef

Van, B.L.[B. Ly], Garcia-Salicetti, S.[Sonia], Dorizzi, B.[Bernadette],
On Using the Viterbi Path Along With HMM Likelihood Information for Online Signature Verification,
SMC-B(37), No. 5, October 2007, pp. 1237-1247.
IEEE DOI Link 0711
BibRef
Earlier:
Fusion of HMM's Likelihood and Viterbi Path for On-line Signature Verification,
BioAW04(318-331).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Fuentes, M., Garcia-Salicetti, S., Dorizzi, B.,
On line signature verification: fusion of a hidden markov model and a neural network via a support vector machine,
FHR02(253-258).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Houmani, N.[Nesma], Garcia-Salicetti, S.[Sonia], Dorizzi, B.[Bernadette],
A Novel Personal Entropy Measure confronted with Online Signature Verification Systems' Performance,
BTAS08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Kamel, N.S.[Nidal S.], Sayeed, S.[Shohel], Ellis, G.A.[Grant A.],
Glove-Based Approach to Online Signature Verification,
PAMI(30), No. 6, June 2008, pp. 1109-1113.
IEEE DOI Link 0804
Dataglove, using finger positions. BibRef

Li, B.[Bin], Zhang, D.[David], Wang, K.Q.[Kuan-Quan],
Online Signature Verification By Combining Shape Contexts And Local Features,
IJIG(6), No. 3, July 2006, pp. 407-420. 0607
BibRef

Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G.,
Automatic Signature Verification: The State of the Art,
SMC-C(38), No. 5, September 2008, pp. 609-635.
IEEE DOI Link 0810
Survey, Signatures. BibRef
Earlier:
Verification of Handwritten Signatures: an Overview,
CIAP07(191-196).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., and Pirlo, G.,
Component-Oriented Algorithms for Signature Verification,
PRAI(8), No. 3, 1994, pp. 771-793. BibRef 9400
Earlier:
From Character to Cursive Script Recognition: Future Trends in Scientific Research,
ICPR92(II:516-519).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G.,
Classification of ambiguous patterns,
ICPR92(II:520-524).
IEEE DOI Link 9208
BibRef

Bovino, L., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G., Sarcinella, L.,
Multi-expert verification of hand-written signatures,
ICDAR03(932-936).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
See also Numeral recognition by weighting local decisions. BibRef

Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Modugno, R., Pirlo, G., Sarcinella, L.,
Analysis of stability in hand-written dynamic signatures,
FHR02(259-263).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Congedo, G., Dimauro, G., Forte, A.M., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G.,
Selecting reference signatures for on-line signature verification,
CIAP95(521-526).
Springer DOI Link 9509
BibRef

Scheidat, T.[Tobias], Vielhauer, C.[Claus], Dittmann, J.[Jana],
Handwriting verification: Comparison of a multi-algorithmic and a multi-semantic approach,
IVC(27), No. 3, February 2009, pp. 269-278,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef
Earlier:
Single-Semantic Multi-Instance Fusion of Handwriting Based Biometric Authentication Systems,
ICIP07(II: 393-396).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
Biometrics; Distance measures; Multi-algorithmic fusion; Multi-semantic fusion; Online handwriting BibRef

Schimke, S., Vielhauer, C.[Claus], Dittmann, J.[Jana],
Using adapted Levenshtein distance for on-line signature authentication,
ICPR04(II: 931-934).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Humm, A.[Andreas], Hennebert, J.[Jean], Ingold, R.[Rolf],
Combined Handwriting and Speech Modalities for User Authentication,
SMC-A(39), No. 1, January 2009, pp. 25-35.
IEEE DOI Link 0901
BibRef
Earlier:
Hidden Markov Models for Spoken Signature Verification,
BTAS07(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef
And:
Modelling Combined Handwriting and Speech Modalities,
ICB07(1025-1034).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef
And: A1, A3, A2:
Spoken Handwriting Verification Using Statistical Models,
ICDAR07(999-1003).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
Combined speech and handwriting. BibRef

Hennebert, J.[Jean], Loeffel, R.[Renato], Humm, A.[Andreas], Ingold, R.[Rolf],
A New Forgery Scenario Based on Regaining Dynamics of Signature,
ICB07(366-375).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Guru, D.S., Prakash, H.N.,
Online Signature Verification and Recognition: An Approach Based on Symbolic Representation,
PAMI(31), No. 6, June 2009, pp. 1059-1073.
IEEE DOI Link 0904
interval valued symbolic features, global features. BibRef

Prakash, H.N., Guru, D.S.,
Geometric Centroids and their Relative Distances for Off-line Signature Verification,
ICDAR09(121-125).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

O'Reilly, C.[Christian], Plamondon, R.[Rejean],
Development of a Sigma-Lognormal representation for on-line signatures,
PR(42), No. 12, December 2009, pp. 3324-3337,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0909
Signature representation; Sigma-Lognormal; Parameter extraction; Handwriting processing BibRef

Muramatsu, D.[Daigo], Yasuda, K.[Kumiko], Shirato, S.[Satoshi], Matsumoto, T.[Takashi],
Camera-Based Online Signature Verification with Sequential Marginal Likelihood Change Detector,
CAIP09(229-236).
Springer DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Ahrary, A.[Alireza], Chiang, H.J.[Hui-Ju], Kamata, S.I.[Sei-Ichiro],
On-Line Signature Matching Based on Hilbert Scanning Patterns,
ICB09(1190-1199).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Mottl, V.[Vadim], Lange, M.[Mikhail], Sulimova, V.[Valentina], Yermakov, A.[Alexey],
Signature verification based on fusion of on-line and off-line kernels,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Liu, N.[Ningning], Wang, Y.H.[Yun-Hong],
Template selection for on-line signature verification,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Martinez-Diaz, M.[Marcos], Fierrez, J.[Julian], Galbally, J.[Javier], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier],
Towards mobile authentication using dynamic signature verification: Useful features and performance evaluation,
ICPR08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Freire, M.R.[Manuel R.], Fierrez, J.[Julian], Galbally, J.[Javier], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier],
Biometric Hashing Based on Genetic Selection and Its Application to On-Line Signatures,
ICB07(1134-1143).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Martinez-Diaz, M., Fierrez, J.[Julian], Freire, M., Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier],
On The Effects of Sampling Rate and Interpolation in HMM-Based Dynamic Signature Verification,
ICDAR07(1113-1117).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef
And: A1, A2, A4, Only:
Universal Background Models for Dynamic Signature Verification,
BTAS07(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Galbally, J.[Javier], Fierrez, J.[Julian], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier],
Bayesian Hill-Climbing Attack and Its Application to Signature Verification,
ICB07(386-395).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Abreu, M.[Marjory], Fairhurst, M.[Michael],
Analyzing the impact of non-biometric information on multiclassifier processing for signature recognition applications,
BTAS08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Ibrahim, M.T.[Muhammad Talal], Kyan, M.[Matthew], Khan, M.A.[M. Aurangzeb], Alimgeer, K.S.[Khurram Saleem], Guan, L.[Ling],
On-Line Signature Verification: Directional Analysis of a Signature Using Weighted Relative Angle Partitions for Exploitation of Inter-Feature Dependencies,
ICDAR09(41-45).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Ibrahim, M.T.[Muhammad Talal], Guan, L.[Ling],
On-line signature verification by using most discriminating points,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Ibrahim, M.T.[Muhammad Talal], Alimgeer, K.S.[Khurram Saleem], Khan, M.A.[M. Aurangzeb], Taj, I.A.[Imtiaz A.],
Creation and selection of most stable discriminating features for on-line signature verification,
ICMV07(97-101).
IEEE DOI Link 0712
BibRef

Li, B.[Bin], Wang, K.Q.[Kuan-Quan], Zhang, D.[David],
Minimizing Spatial Deformation Method for Online Signature Matching,
ICB07(646-652).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Chang, W., Shin, J.,
Modified Dynamic Time Warping for Stroke-Based On-line Signature Verification,
ICDAR07(724-728).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Araujo, R., Cavalcanti, G., Filho, E.,
An Approach to Improve Accuracy Rate of On-line Signature Verification Systems of Different Sizes,
ICDAR07(332-336).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Mozaffari, S.[Saeed], Faez, K.[Karim], Faradji, F.[Farhad],
One Dimensional Fractal Coder for Online Signature Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 857-860).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Djioua, M.[Moussa], O'Reilly, C.[Christian], Plamondon, R.[Rejean],
An interactive trajectory synthesizer to study outlier patterns in handwriting recognition and signature verification,
ICPR06(I: 1124-1127).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Quan, Z.H.[Zhong-Hua], Huang, D.S.A.[De-Shu-Ang], Xia, X.L.[Xiao-Lei], Lyu, M.R.[Michael R.], Lok, T.M.[Tat-Ming],
Spectrum Analysis Based on Windows with Variable Widths for Online Signature Verification,
ICPR06(II: 1122-1125).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Wu, Z.C.[Zhong-Cheng], Fang, P.[Ping], Shen, F.[Fei],
Online Signature Verification Based on Global Feature of Writing Forces,
ICB06(516-522).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Henniger, O.[Olaf], Schneider, B.[Björn], Struif, B.[Bruno], Waldmann, U.[Ulrich],
Improving the Binding of Electronic Signatures to the Signer by Biometric Authentication,
ICB06(523-530).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Low, C.Y.[Cheng-Yaw], Teoh, A.B.J.[Andrew Beng-Jin], Tee, C.[Connie],
Fusion of LSB and DWT Biometric Watermarking Using Offline Handwritten Signature for Copyright Protection,
ICB09(786-795).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Yip, W.K., Goh, A., Ngo, D.C.L.[David Chek Ling], Teoh, A.B.J.[Andrew Beng Jin],
Generation of Replaceable Cryptographic Keys from Dynamic Handwritten Signatures,
ICB06(509-515).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Gruber, C.[Christian], Gruber, T.[Thiemo], Sick, B.[Bernhard],
Online Signature Verification with New Time Series Kernels for Support Vector Machines,
ICB06(500-508).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Russell, G.F., Hu, J.Y.[Jian-Ying], Biem, A., Heilper, A., Markman, D.,
Dynamic signature verification using discriminative training,
ICDAR05(II: 1260-1264).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Richiardi, J.[Jonas], Kryszczuk, K.[Krzysztof], Drygajlo, A.[Andrzej],
Static Models of Derivative-Coordinates Phase Spaces for Multivariate Time Series Classification: An Application to Signature Verification,
ICB09(1200-1208).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Richiardi, J., Ketabdar, H.[Hamed], Drygajlo, A.,
Local and global feature selection for on-line signature verification,
ICDAR05(II: 625-629).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Wan, L.[Liang], Wan, B.[Bin], Lin, Z.C.,
On-line signature verification with two-stage statistical models,
ICDAR05(I: 282-286).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Hongo, Y.[Yasunori], Muramatsu, D.[Daigo], Matsumoto, T.[Takashi],
Modification of Intersession Variability in On-Line Signature Verifier,
AVBPA05(455).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Nakanishi, I.[Isao], Sakamoto, H.[Hiroyuki], Itoh, Y.[Yoshio], Fukui, Y.[Yutaka],
Optimal User Weighting Fusion in DWT Domain On-Line Signature Verification,
AVBPA05(758).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Nakanishi, I.[Isao], Nishiguchi, N.[Naoto], Itoh, Y.[Yoshio], Fukui, Y.[Yutaka],
On-Line Signature Verification Based on Discrete Wavelet Domain Adaptive Signal Processing,
ICBA04(584-591).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Li, B.[Bin], Wang, K.Q.[Kuan-Quan], Zhang, D.[David],
On-Line Signature Verification Based on PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and MCA (Minor Component Analysis),
ICBA04(540-546).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Henniger, O.[Olaf], Franke, K.[Katrin],
Biometric User Authentication on Smart Cards by Means of Handwritten Signatures,
ICBA04(547-554).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Zimmer, A.[Alessandro], Ling, L.L.[Lee Luan],
A Model-Based Signature Verification System,
BTAS07(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef
Earlier:
A Window-Based Hybrid Signature Verification System,
ICBA04(562-568).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef
Earlier:
A hybrid on/off line handwritten signature verification system,
ICDAR03(424-428).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Sternby, J.[Jakob],
Structurally Based Template Matching of On-line Handwritten Characters,
BMVC05(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0509
BibRef
Earlier:
On-Line Signature Verification by Explicit Solution to the Point Correspondence Problem,
ICBA04(569-576).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Sternby, J.[Jakob], Friberg, C.,
The recognition graph: Language independent adaptable on-line cursive script recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 14-18).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Wirotius, M., Ramel, J.Y., Vincent, N.,
Improving DTW for Online Handwritten Signature Verification,
ICIAR04(II: 786-793).
WWW Version. 0409
BibRef
And:
New Features for Authentication by On-Line Handwritten Signatures,
ICBA04(577-584).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Vincent, N., Freche, T.,
Gray level use in a handwriting fractal approach and morphological properties quantification,
ICDAR01(307-311).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Igarza, J.J.[Juan J.], Gómez, L.[Lorea], Hernáez, I.[Inma], Goirizelaia, I.[Inaki],
Searching for an Optimal Reference System for On-Line Signature Verification Based on (x, y) Alignment,
ICBA04(519-525).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Igarza, J.J., Goirizelaia, I., Espinosa, K., Hernaez, I., Mendez, R., and Sanchez, J.,
Online Handwritten Signature Verification Using Hidden Markov Models,
CIARP03(391-399).
WWW Version. BibRef 0300

Zou, M.F.[Ming-Fu], Tong, J.J.[Jian-Jun], Liu, C.P.[Chang-Ping], Lou, Z.L.[Zheng-Liang],
On-line signature verification using local shape analysis,
ICDAR03(314-318).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Muramatsu, D.[Daigo], Matsumoto, T.[Takashi],
An HMM on-line signature verifier incorporating signature trajectories,
ICDAR03(438-442).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef
And:
An HMM On-line Signature Verification Algorithm,
AVBPA03(233-241).
HTML Version. 0310
See also Fast HMM Algorithm for On-Line Handwritten Character Recognition, A. BibRef

Kondo, M.[Mitsuru], Muramatsu, D.[Daigo], Sasaki, M.[Masahiro], Matsumoto, T.[Takashi],
A Bayesian MCMC On-line Signature Verification,
AVBPA03(540-548).
HTML Version. 0310
BibRef

Shafiei, M.M., Rabiee, H.R.,
A new on-line signature verification algorithm using variable length segmentation and hidden Markov models,
ICDAR03(443-446).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Vielhauer, C., Steinmetz, R., Mayerhofer, A.,
Biometric hash based on statistical features of online signatures,
ICPR02(I: 123-126).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef
Earlier:
Transitivity based enrollment strategy for signature verification systems,
ICDAR01(1263-1266).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Tanaka, M., Ishino, Y., Shimada, H., Inoue, T.,
DP matching using kalman filter as pre-processing in on-line signature verification,
FHR02(502-507).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Parker, J.R.[Jim R.],
Simple Distances Between Handwritten Signatures,
VI02(218).
PDF Version. 0208
BibRef

Hangai, S.[Seiichiro], Higuchi, T.[Takeshi],
Writer Identification Using Finger-Bend in Writing Signature,
BioAW04(229-237).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Hangai, S., Yamanaka, S., Hamamoto, T.,
Writer Verification Using Altitude and Direction of Pen Movement,
ICPR00(Vol III: 479-482).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Hullender, G.N.,
An efficient method for tuning handwriting parameters,
ICDAR01(251-254).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Huang, K., Yan, H.,
Signature Verification Using Fractal Transformation,
ICPR00(Vol II: 851-854).
IEEE DOI Link
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Morita, H., Sakamoto, D., Ohishi, T., Komiya, Y., Matsumoto, T.,
On-Line Signature Verifier Incorporating Pen Position, Pen Pressure, and Pen Inclination Trajectories,
AVBPA01(318).
HTML Version. 0310
BibRef

Lejtman, D.Z., George, S.E.,
On-line handwritten signature verification using wavelets and back-propagation neural networks,
ICDAR01(992-996).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Rhee, T.H., Cho, S.J., Kim, J.H.,
On-line signature verification using model-guided segmentation and discriminative feature selection for skilled forgeries,
ICDAR01(645-649).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Brakensiek, A., Kosmala, A., Rigoll, G.,
Evaluation of Confidence Measures for On-Line Handwriting Recognition,
DAGM02(507 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
BibRef
And:
Comparing normalization and adaptation techniques for on-line handwriting recognition,
ICPR02(III: 73-76).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef
Earlier:
Comparing adaptation techniques for on-line handwriting recognition,
ICDAR01(486-490).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
See also Combining HMM-based two-pass classifiers for off-line word recognition. BibRef

Brakensiek, A., Rigoll, G.,
A comparison of character n-grams and dictionaries used for script recognition,
ICDAR01(241-245).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Kosmala, A.[Andreas], Rigoll, G.[Gerhard],
A New Hybrid Approach to Large Vocabulary Cursive Handwriting Recognition,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1512-1514).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef
And:
Tree-Based State Clustering Using Self-Organizing Principles for Large Vocabulary On-Line Handwriting Recognition,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1313-1315).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Kosmala, A.[Andreas], Rigoll, G.[Gerhard],
A Systematic Comparison Between On-Line and Off-Line Methods for Signature Verification with Hidden Markov Models,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1755-1757).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Rigoll, G., Kosmala, A., Rottland, J., Neukirchen, C.,
A Comparison Between Continuous and Discrete Density Hidden Markov Models for Cursive Handwriting Recognition,
ICPR96(II: 205-209).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(Gerhard-Mercator-Univ., D) BibRef

Kosmala, A., Rottland, J., Rigoll, G.,
Improved On-Line Handwriting Recognition Using Context Dependent Hidden Markov Models,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Muramatsu, D.[Daigo], Matsumoto, T.[Takashi],
Effectiveness of Pen Pressure, Azimuth, and Altitude Features for Online Signature Verification,
ICB07(503-512).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Ohishi, T., Komiya, Y., Matsumoto, T.,
On-line Signature Verification Using Pen-position, Pen-pressure and Pen-inclination Trajectories,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 547-550).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Zhang, B.L.[Bai-Ling], Fu, M.Y.[Min-Yue], Yan, H.[Hong],
Handwritten Signature Verification Based on Neural 'Gas' Based Vector Quantization,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1862-1864).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Bouletreau, V., Vincent, N.[Nicole], Sabourin, R.[Robert], Emptoz, H.,
Handwriting and Signature: One or Two Personality Identifiers?,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1758-1760).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef
Earlier:
Synthetic Parameters for Handwriting Classification,
ICDAR97(Mo-3A) 9708
BibRef

van Oosterhout, J.J., Dolfing, H.[Hans], Aarts, E.,
On-Line Signature Verification with Hidden Markov Models,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1309-1312).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

He, Y., Chen, M.Y., and Kunda, A.,
Efficient Utilization of Variable Duration Information in HMM Based HWR Systems,
ICIP97(III: 304-307).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9700

Schmidt, C., Kraiss, K.F.,
Establishment of Personalized Templates for Automatic Signature Verification,
ICDAR97(Mo-4C) 9708
BibRef

Wirtz, B.,
Average Prototypes for Stroke-Based Signature Verification,
ICDAR97(Mo-4C) 9708
BibRef

Martens, R., Claesen, L.,
Dynamic Programming Optimisation for On-Line Signature Verification,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Martens, R., Claesen, L.,
On-Line Signature Verification: Discrimination Emphasised,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef
Earlier:
On-Line Signature Verification by Dynamic Time-Warping,
ICPR96(III: 38-42).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(IMEC, B) BibRef

Nassery, P., Faez, K.[Karim],
Signature Pattern Recognition Using Pseudo Zernike Moments and a Fuzzy Logic Classifier,
ICIP96(II: 197-200).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9600

Kishon, E., Hastie, T., Clark, M., and Fan, J.,
A Statistical Model for Signature Verification,
SMC-C91(xx). BibRef 9100

Sato, Y., and Kogure, K.,
On-Line Signature Verification Based on Shape, Motion, and Writing Pressure,
ICPR82(823-826). BibRef 8200

Brault, J.J., Plamondon, R.,
Histogram Classifier for Characterization of Handwritten Signature Dynamic,
ICPR84(619-622). BibRef 8400

Lamarche, F., Plamondon, R.,
Segmentation and Feature Extraction of Handwritten Signature Patterns,
ICPR84(756-759). BibRef 8400

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Off Line Signature Analysis .