23.4.6.5.1 Multiple Classifiers Applied to Arabic Numbers

Duerr, B., Haettich, W., Tropf, H., and Winkler, G.,
A Combination of Statistical and Syntactical Pattern Recognition Applied to Classification of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals,
PR(12), No. 3, 1980, pp. 189-199.
WWW Version. BibRef 8000

Kimura, M., and Sridhar, M.,
Handwritten Numerical Recognition Based on Multiple Algorithms,
PR(24), No. 10, 1991, pp. 969-983.
WWW Version. Utilize heuristic decision rules for combinations. BibRef 9100

Huang, Y.S., Suen, C.Y.,
Method of Combining Multiple Experts for the Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals,
PAMI(17), No. 1, January 1995, pp. 90-94.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9501
Earlier:
A Method of Combining Multiple Classifiers: A Neural Network Approach,
ICPR94(B:473-475).
WWW Version. 9410Multistage Classification. BibRef

Kim, K.K.[Kye Kyung], Chung, Y.K.[Yun Koo], Kim, J.H.[Jin Ho], Suen, C.Y.,
Recognition of unconstrained handwritten numeral strings using decision value generator,
ICDAR01(14-17).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Kim, K.K.[Kye Kyung], Kim, J.H.[Jin Ho], Suen, C.Y.,
Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numeral Strings by Composite Segmentation Method,
ICPR00(Vol II: 594-597).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Sadri, J.[Javad], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.], Bui, T.D.[Tien D.],
A genetic framework using contextual knowledge for segmentation and recognition of handwritten numeral strings,
PR(40), No. 3, March 2007, pp. 898-919.
WWW Version. 0611Genetic algorithm; Contextual knowledge BibRef

Oliveira, L.S., Sabourin, R., Bortolozzi, F., Suen, C.Y.,
Impacts of verification on a numeral string recognition system,
PRL(24), No. 7, April 2003, pp. 1023-1031.
HTML Version. 0301 See also Feature selection for ensembles applied to handwriting recognition. BibRef

Oliveira, L.S.[Luiz S.], Sabourin, R.[Robert], Bortolozzi, F.[Flávio], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Automatic Recognition of Handwritten Numerical Strings: A Recognition and Verification Strategy,
PAMI(24), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 1438-1454.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0211 BibRef
Feature Selection Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms for Handwritten Digit Recognition,
ICPR02(I: 568-571).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef
Earlier:
A modular system to recognize numerical amounts on Brazilian bank cheques,
ICDAR01(389-394).
WWW Version. 0109 See also Unsupervised Feature Selection Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms for Handwritten Word Recognition. Segmentation based recognition. Combine results of segemntation, recognition and postprocessing. BibRef

Morita, M., Sabourin, R., Bortolozzi, F., Suen, C.Y.,
A recognition and verification strategy for handwritten word recognition,
ICDAR03(482-486).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

de Souza Britto, Jr., A.[Alceu], Sabourin, R.[Robert], Bortolozzi, F.[Flavio], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
The recognition of handwritten numeral strings using a two-stage HMM-based method,
IJDAR(5), No. 2-3, April 2003, pp. 102-117.
HTML Version. 0308 BibRef
Earlier:
Complementary features combined in an HMM-based system to recognize handwritten digits,
CIAP03(670-675).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310 BibRef
Earlier:
A Two-Stage HMM-Based System for Recognizing Handwritten Numeral Strings,
ICDAR01(396-400).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Oliveira, L.S., de Souza Britto, Jr., A.[Alceu], Sabourin, R.,
Improving cascading classifiers with particle swarm optimization,
ICDAR05(II: 570-574).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Zhou, J.[Jun], Suen, C.Y., Liu, K.[Ke],
A feedback-based approach for segmenting handwritten legal amounts on bank cheques,
ICDAR01(887-891).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Cao, J., Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M.,
Recognition of Handwritten Numerals with Multiple Feature and Multistage Classifier,
PR(28), No. 2, February 1995, pp. 153-160.
WWW Version. BibRef 9502

Beiraghi, S., Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M., Sid-Ahmed, M.,
Application of Fuzzy Integrals in Fusion of Classifiers for Low Error Rate Handwritten Numerals Recognition,
ICPR00(Vol II: 487-490).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Liu, C.L., Kim, J.H., Dai, R.W.,
Multiresolution Locally Expanded Honn for Handwritten Numeral Recognition,
PRL(18), No. 10, October 1997, pp. 1019-1025. 9802 BibRef

Rahman, A.F.R., Fairhurst, M.C.,
A New Hybrid Approach in Combining Multiple Experts to Recognize Handwritten Numerals,
PRL(18), No. 8, August 1997, pp. 781-790. 9801 BibRef
And:
A novel pair-wise recognition scheme for handwritten characters in the framework of a multi-expert configuration,
CIAP97(II: 624-631).
WWW Version. 9709 BibRef

Rahman, A.F.R., Fairhurst, M.C.,
An Evaluation of Multiexpert Configurations for the Recognition of Handwritten Numerals,
PR(31), No. 9, September 1998, pp. 1255-1273.
WWW Version. Evaluation, OCR. 9808 See also Design Considerations in the Real-Time Implementation of Multiple Expert Image Classifiers within a Modular and Flexible Multiple-platform Design Environment. BibRef

Cai, J.H.[Jin-Hai], Liu, Z.Q.[Zhi-Qiang],
Integration of Structural and Statistical Information for Unconstrained Handwritten Numeral Recognition,
PAMI(21), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 263-270.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9903
Earlier: ICPR98(Vol I: 378-380).
WWW Version. 9808 BibRef

Salah, A.A., Alpaydin, E., Akarun, L.,
A Selective Attention-Based Method for Visual Pattern Recognition with Application to Handwritten Digit Recognition and Face Recognition,
PAMI(24), No. 3, March 2002, pp. 420-425.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0202 BibRef

Alimoglu, F., Alpaydin, E.,
Combining Multiple Representations and Classifiers for Pen-Based Handwritten Digit Recognition,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Kang, H.J.[Hee-Joong],
Combining multiple classifiers based on third-order dependency for handwritten numeral recognition,
PRL(24), No. 16, December 2003, pp. 3027-3036.
WWW Version. 0310 BibRef

Kang, H.J.[Hee-Joong], Doermann, D.,
Combining multiple classifiers based on third-order dependency,
ICDAR03(21-25).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Kang, H.J.[Hee-Joong], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Evaluation on selection criteria of multiple numeral recognizers with the fixed number of recognizers,
ICPR02(III: 403-406).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef
Earlier:
Experimental results on the construction of multiple classifiers recognizing handwritten numerals,
ICDAR01(1026-1030).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef
Earlier:
A Dependency-based Framework of Combining Multiple Experts for the Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals,
CVPR99(II: 124-129).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef

Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.], Tan, J.[Jinna],
Analysis of errors of handwritten digits made by a multitude of classifiers,
PRL(26), No. 3, February 2005, pp. 369-379.
WWW Version. 0501 BibRef

Gupta, M.D.[Mithun Das], Rajaram, S.[Shyamsundar], Petrovic, N.[Nemanja], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Restoration and Recognition in a Loop,
CVPR05(I: 638-644).
WWW Version. 0507Restoration of blurred digits with recognition. BibRef

Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Modugno, R., Pirlo, G.,
Numeral recognition by weighting local decisions,
ICDAR03(1070-1074).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 See also Multi-expert verification of hand-written signatures. BibRef

Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G., Salzo, A.,
Zoning design for handwritten numeral recognition,
CIAP97(II: 592-599).
WWW Version. 9709 BibRef

Impedovo, S., Dimauro, G.,
An interactive system for the selection of handwritten numeral classes,
ICPR90(I: 563-566).
WWW Version. 9006 BibRef

Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G.,
Class-oriented recognizer design by weighting local decisions,
CIAP03(676-681).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310 BibRef

Tomai, C.I., Srihari, S.N.,
Combination of type III digit recognizers using the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence,
ICDAR03(854-858).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Bhattacharya, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
A majority voting scheme for multiresolution recognition of handprinted numerals,
ICDAR03(16-20).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Rodriguez, C., Boto, F., Soraluze, I., Perez, A.,
An incremental and hierarchical K-NN classifier for handwritten characters,
ICPR02(III: 98-101).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Soraluze, I., Rodriguez, C., Boto, F., Perez, A.,
Multidimensional multistage K-NN classifiers for handwritten digit recognition,
FHR02(19-23).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Rodriguez, C., Muguerza, J.[Javier], Navarro, M., Zarate, A., Martin, J.I.[Jose Ignacio], Perez, J.,
A Two-Stage Classifier for Broken and Blurred Digits in Forms,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1101-1105).
WWW Version. 9808 BibRef

Teo, R.Y.M., Shinghal, R.,
A Hybrid Classifier for Recognizing Handwritten Numerals,
ICDAR97(Tu-2A) 9708 BibRef

Kim, J., Seo, K., Chung, K.,
A Systematic Approach to Classifier Selection on Combining Multiple Classifiers for Handwritten Digit Recognition,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Bottou, L., Cortes, C., Denker, J.S., Drucker, H., Guyon, I., Jackel, L.D., Le Cun, Y.L., Muller, U.A., Sackinger, E., Simard, P.Y., Vapnik, V.,
Comparison of classifier methods: a case study in handwritten digit recognition,
ICPR94(B:77-82).
WWW Version. 9410 BibRef

Simard, P.Y., Le Cun, Y.L.[Yann L.], Denker, J.S.,
Memory-based character recognition using a transformation invariant metric,
ICPR94(B:262-267).
WWW Version. 9410 BibRef

Sabourin, M., Mitiche, A., Thomas, D., Nagy, G.,
Classifier Combination for Handprinted Digit Recognition,
ICDAR93(163-166). BibRef 9300

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Numbers, Digits, Zip (Postal) Codes .