23.4.8 Other Character Sets

Dinstein, I.,
Computer Recognition of Handwritten Hebrew Characters,
SP(3), 1981, pp. 73-77. BibRef 8100

Dinstein, I., Shapira, Y.,
Ancient Hebraic Handwriting Identification with Run-Length Histograms,
SMC(12), 1982, pp. 405-409. BibRef 8200

Kushnir, M., Abe, K., Matsumoto, K.,
An Application of the Hough Transform to the Recognition of Printed Hebrew Characters,
PR(16), No. 2, 1983, pp. 183-191.
WWW Version. BibRef 8300

Kushnir, M., Abe, K., Matsumoto, K.,
Recognition of Handprinted Hebrew Characters Using Features Selected in the Hough Transform Space,
PR(18), No. 2, 1985, pp. 103-114.
WWW Version. BibRef 8500

Oulamara, A., Duvernoy, J.,
An Application of the Hough Transform to Automatic Recognition of Berber Characters,
SP(14), 1988, pp. 79-90. BibRef 8800

Likforman-Sulem, L.[Laurence], Maître, H.[Henri], Sirat, C.[Colette],
An expert vision system for analysis of Hebrew characters and authentication of manuscripts,
PR(24), No. 2, 1991, pp. 121-137.
WWW Version. 0401
BibRef

Airphaiboon, S., Kondo, S.,
Recognition of Handprinted Thai Characters Using Loop Structures,
IEICE(E79-D), No. 9, September 1996, pp. 1296-1304. Thai Characters. Slant Normalization. BibRef 9609

Tonazzini, A.[Anna], Vezzosi, S.[Stefano], Bedini, L.[Luigi],
Analysis and recognition of highly degraded printed characters,
IJDAR(6), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 236-247.
Springer DOI Link 0406
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, A1:
An Integrated System for the Analysis and the Recognition of Characters in Ancient Documents,
DAS02(49 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
BibRef

Premaratne, H.L., Bigun, J.,
A segmentation-free approach to recognise printed Sinhala script using linear symmetry,
PR(37), No. 10, October 2004, pp. 2081-2089.
WWW Version. 0409
BibRef

Premaratne, H.L., Järpe, E., Bigun, J.,
Lexicon and hidden Markov model-based optimisation of the recognised Sinhala script,
PRL(27), No. 6, 15 April 2006, pp. 696-705.
WWW Version. Optical character recognition; Hidden Markov models; State transition matrix; Confusion matrix; Word optimisation 0604
BibRef

Bar-Yosef, I.[Itay],
Input sensitive thresholding for ancient Hebrew manuscript,
PRL(26), No. 8, June 2005, pp. 1168-1173.
WWW Version. 0506
BibRef

de Lin, S.[Shou], Knight, K.[Kevin],
Discovering the linear writing order of a two-dimensional ancient hieroglyphic script,
AI(170), No. 4-5, April 2006, pp. 409-421.
Elsevier DOI Link 0605
BibRef

Nopsuwanchai, R., Biem, A.[Alain], Clocksin, W.F.,
Maximization of Mutual Information for Offline Thai Handwriting Recognition,
PAMI(28), No. 8, August 2006, pp. 1347-1351.
IEEE DOI Link 0606
BibRef

Clocksin, W.F., Fernando, P.P.J.,
Towards automatic transcription of Syriac handwriting,
CIAP03(664-669).
IEEE Abstract. 0310
BibRef

Clocksin, W.F.,
Handwritten Syriac character recognition using order structure invariance,
ICPR04(II: 562-565).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Landon, G.V.[George V.], Brent Seales, W.,
Petroglyph digitization: enabling cultural heritage scholarship,
MVA(17), No. 6, December 2006, pp. 361-371.
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Ntzios, K., Gatos, B., Pratikakis, I.E., Konidaris, T., Perantonis, S.J.,
An old greek handwritten OCR system based on an efficient segmentation-free approach,
IJDAR(9), No. 2-4, April 2007, pp. 179-192.
Springer DOI Link 0704
BibRef
Earlier:
An old Greek handwritten OCR system,
ICDAR05(I: 64-68).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Gatos, B., Konidaris, T., Ntzios, K., Pratikakis, I.E., Perantonis, S.J.,
A segmentation-free approach for keyword search in historical typewritten documents,
ICDAR05(I: 54-58).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Gatos, B.[Basilios], Ntzios, K.[Kostas], Pratikakis, I.E.[Ioannis E.], Petridis, S.[Sergios], Konidaris, T., Perantonis, S.J.[Stavros J.],
A Segmentation-Free Recognition Technique to Assist Old Greek Handwritten Manuscript OCR,
DAS04(63-74).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Salerno, E.[Emanuele], Tonazzini, A.[Anna], Bedini, L.[Luigi],
Digital image analysis to enhance underwritten text in the Archimedes palimpsest,
IJDAR(9), No. 2-4, April 2007, pp. 79-87.
Springer DOI Link 0704
BibRef

Tonazzini, A.[Anna], Salerno, E.[Emanuele], Mochi, M.[Matteo], Bedini, L.[Luigi],
Blind Source Separation Techniques for Detecting Hidden Texts and Textures in Document Images,
ICIAR04(II: 241-248).
WWW Version. 0409
BibRef

Bar-Yosef, I.[Itay], Beckman, I.[Isaac], Kedem, K.[Klara], Dinstein, I.[Itshak],
Binarization, character extraction, and writer identification of historical Hebrew calligraphy documents,
IJDAR(9), No. 2-4, April 2007, pp. 89-99.
Springer DOI Link 0704
BibRef

Bar-Yosef, I.[Itay], Mokeichev, A.[Alik], Kedem, K.[Klara], Dinstein, I.[Itshak], Ehrlich, U.[Uri],
Adaptive shape prior for recognition and variational segmentation of degraded historical characters,
PR(42), No. 12, December 2009, pp. 3348-3354.
Elsevier DOI Link 0909
Segmentation; Degraded character recognition; Historical documents; Level set; Shape prior BibRef

Assabie, Y.[Yaregal], Bigun, J.[Josef],
Multifont size-resilient recognition system for Ethiopic script,
IJDAR(10), No. 2, November 2007, pp. 85-100.
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef
Earlier:
A Hybrid System for Robust Recognition of Ethiopic Script,
ICDAR07(556-560).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef
Earlier:
Structural and Syntactic Techniques for Recognition of Ethiopic Characters,
SSPR06(118-126).
Springer DOI Link 0608
BibRef
And:
Ethiopic Character Recognition Using Direction Field Tensor,
ICPR06(III: 284-287).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Desai, A.A.[Apurva A.],
Gujarati handwritten numeral optical character reorganization through neural network,
PR(43), No. 7, July 2010, pp. 2582-2589.
Elsevier DOI Link 1003
Optical character recognition; Feed forward neural network; Feature abstraction; Gujarati handwritten digits; Classification BibRef

Vamvakas, G.[Georgios], Gatos, B.[Basilis], Perantonis, S.J.[Stavros J.],
Handwritten character recognition through two-stage foreground sub-sampling,
PR(43), No. 8, August 2010, pp. 2807-2816.
Elsevier DOI Link 1006
BibRef
Earlier:
A Novel Feature Extraction and Classification Methodology for the Recognition of Historical Documents,
ICDAR09(491-495).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
Handwritten character/digit recognition; Feature extraction; Two-stage classification See also Keyword-guided word spotting in historical printed documents using synthetic data and user feedback. BibRef

Vamvakas, G., Gatos, B., Petridis, S., Stamatopoulos, N.,
An Efficient Feature Extraction and Dimensionality Reduction Scheme for Isolated Greek Handwritten Character Recognition,
ICDAR07(1073-1077).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Kesidis, A.L., Galiotou, E., Gatos, B., Pratikakis, I.,
A word spotting framework for historical machine-printed documents,
IJDAR(14), No. 2, June 2011, pp. 131-144.
WWW Version. 1106
BibRef

Makridis, M., Nikolaou, N., Gatos, B.,
An Efficient Word Segmentation Technique for Historical and Degraded Machine-Printed Documents,
ICDAR07(178-182).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Jin, J.M.[Jian-Ming], Wu, Y.[Youshou], Wang, H.[Hua], Bao, Y.H.[Yan-Hua],
Multi-font printed Mongolian document recognition system,
IJDAR(13), No. 2, June 2010, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 1007
BibRef

Tai, Z.F.[Zhen-Fei], Cheng, S.[Samuel], Verma, P.[Pramode], Zhai, Y.[Yan],
Braille document recognition using Belief Propagation,
JVCIR(21), No. 7, October 2010, pp. 722-730.
Elsevier DOI Link 1003
Braille image; Radon transform; Optical character recognition; Rotation angle; Line-spacing; Hidden Markov Model; Belief Propagation; Pattern recognition BibRef

Tai, Z.F.[Zhen-Fei], Cheng, S.[Samuel], Verma, P.[Pramode],
Braille Document Parameters Estimation for Optical Character Recognition,
ISVC08(II: 905-914).
Springer DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Barmpoutis, A.[Angelos], Bozia, E.[Eleni], Wagman, R.S.[Robert S.],
A novel framework for 3D reconstruction and analysis of ancient inscriptions,
MVA(21), No. 6, October 2010, pp. 989-998.
WWW Version. 1011
BibRef

Saysourinhong, L.[Latsamy], Zhu, B.L.[Bi-Lan], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Online Handwritten Lao Character Recognition by MRF,
IEICE(E95-D), No. 6, June 2012, pp. 1603-1609.
WWW Version. 1206
BibRef

Yousefi, M., Famouri, M., Nasihatkon, B., Azimifar, Z., Fieguth, P.,
A robust probabilistic Braille recognition system,
IJDAR(15), No. 3, September 2012, pp. 253-266.
WWW Version. 1209
BibRef

Sumetphong, C., Tangwongsan, S.,
An Optimal Approach Towards Recognizing Broken Thai Characters in OCR Systems,
DICTA12(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 1303
BibRef

Ul-Hasan, A.[Adnan], Bukhari, S.S.[Syed Saqib], Rashid, S.F.[Sheikh Faisal], Shafait, F.[Faisal], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Semi-automated OCR database generation for Nabataean scripts,
ICPR12(1667-1670).
WWW Version. 1302
BibRef

Wajid, M.[Mohd], Abdullah, M.W.[Mohammad Waris], Farooq, O.[Omar],
Imprinted Braille-character pattern recognition using image processing techniques,
ICIIP11(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 1112
BibRef

Gao, G.L.[Guang-Lai], Su, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Wei, H.[Hongxi], Gong, Y.[Yeyun],
Classical Mongolian Words Recognition in Historical Document,
ICDAR11(692-697).
IEEE DOI Link 1111
BibRef

Gatos, B., Louloudis, G., Stamatopoulos, N.,
Greek Polytonic OCR Based on Efficient Character Class Number Reduction,
ICDAR11(1155-1159).
IEEE DOI Link 1111
BibRef

Biller, O.[Ofer], Kedem, K.[Klara], Dinstein, I.[Itshak], El-Sana, J.[Jihad],
Evolution Maps for Connected Components in Text Documents,
FHR12(405-410).
IEEE DOI Link 1302
BibRef

Cohen, R.[Rafi], Kedem, K.[Klara], Dinstein, I.[Itshak], El-Sana, J.[Jihad],
Occluded Character Restoration Using Active Contour with Shape Priors,
FHR12(497-502).
IEEE DOI Link 1302
BibRef

Rabaev, I.[Irina], Biller, O.[Ofer], El-Sana, J.[Jihad], Kedem, K.[Klara], Dinstein, I.[Itshak],
Case Study in Hebrew Character Searching,
ICDAR11(1080-1084).
IEEE DOI Link 1111
BibRef

Nguyen, D.K., Bui, T.D.,
On the problem of classifying Vietnamese online handwritten characters,
ICARCV08(803-808).
IEEE DOI Link 1109
BibRef

Hirayama, M.J.[Makoto J.], Kimura, Y.[Yuta],
Beading design diagram reading system for visually impaired persons,
FCV11(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 1102
BibRef

Kunwar, R.[Rituraj], Shashikiran, K., Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Online Handwritten Kannada Word Recognizer with Unrestricted Vocabulary,
FHR10(611-616).
IEEE DOI Link 1011
BibRef

Bilane, P., Bres, S., Challita, K., Emptoz, H.,
Indexation of Syriac manuscripts using directional features,
ICIP09(1841-1844).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Babadi, M.Y.[Majid Yoosefi], Nasihatkon, B.[Behrooz], Azimifar, Z.[Zohreh], Fieguth, P.[Paul],
Probabilistic estimation of Braille document parameters,
ICIP09(2001-2004).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Hoang, T.V.[Thai V.], Tabbone, S.[Salvatore], Pham, N.Y.[Ngoc-Yen],
Extraction of Nom Text Regions from Stele Images Using Area Voronoi Diagram,
ICDAR09(921-925).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef
Earlier:
Recognition-Based Segmentation of Nom Characters from Body Text Regions of Stele Images Using Area Voronoi Diagram,
CAIP09(205-212).
Springer DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Fahiem, M.A.[Muhammad Abuzar],
A Deterministic Turing Machine for Context Sensitive Translation of Braille Codes to Urdu Text,
IWCIA08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0804
BibRef

Cao, H.[Huaigu], Prasad, R.[Rohit], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
OCR-Driven Writer Identification and Adaptation in an HMM Handwriting Recognition System,
ICDAR11(739-743).
IEEE DOI Link 1111
BibRef

Cao, H.[Huaigu], Prasad, R.[Rohit], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Handwritten and Typewritten Text Identification and Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models,
ICDAR11(744-748).
IEEE DOI Link 1111
BibRef

Cao, H.[Huaigu], Prasad, R.[Rohit], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Improvements in HMM Adaptation for Handwriting Recognition Using Writer Identification and Duration Adaptation,
FHR10(154-159).
IEEE DOI Link 1011
BibRef

Prasad, R.[Rohit], Bhardwaj, A.[Anurag], Subramanian, K.[Krishna], Cao, H.[Huaigu], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Stochastic Segment Model Adaptation for Offline Handwriting Recognition,
ICPR10(1993-1996).
IEEE DOI Link 1008
BibRef

Natarajan, P.[Prem], Subramanian, K.[Krishna], Bhardwaj, A.[Anurag], Prasad, R.[Rohit],
Stochastic Segment Modeling for Offline Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(971-975).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Natarajan, P.[Prem], Saleem, S.[Shirin], Prasad, R.[Rohit], MacRostie, E.[Ehry], Subramanian, K.[Krishna],
Multi-lingual Offline Handwriting Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models: A Script-Independent Approach,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Asliyan, R.[Rifat], Günel, K.[Korhan], Yakhno, T.[Tatyana],
Detecting Misspelled Words in Turkish Text Using Syllable n-gram Frequencies,
PReMI07(553-559).
Springer DOI Link 0712
BibRef

Chanda, S., Terrades, O.R., Pal, U.,
SVM Based Scheme for Thai and English Script Identification,
ICDAR07(551-555).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Kirkhus, T.[Trine], Thielemann, J.T.[Jens T.], Fismen, B.[Britta], Schumann-Olsen, H.[Henrik], Sivertsen, R.[Ronald], Carlin, M.[Mats],
System for Reading Braille Embossed on Beverage Can Lids for Authentication,
ACIVS06(855-866).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Pareti, R.[Rudolf], Vincent, N.[Nicole],
Ancient Initial Letters Indexing,
ICPR06(II: 756-759).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Cecotti, H., Belaid, A.,
Hybrid OCR combination approach complemented by a specialized ICR applied on ancient documents,
ICDAR05(II: 1045-1049).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
See also Rejection strategy for convolutional neural network by adaptive topology applied to handwritten digits recognition. BibRef

Belaid, A., Turcan, I., Pierrel, J.M., Belaid, Y., Rangoni, Y., Hadjamar, H.,
Automatic indexing and reformulation of ancient dictionaries,
DIAL04(342-354).
IEEE DOI Link 0404
BibRef

Kitadai, A., Saito, K., Hachiya, D., Nakagawa, M., Baba, H., Watanabe, A.,
Support system for archeologists to read scripts on mokkans,
ICDAR05(II: 1030-1034).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Zaidi, R., Rosli, S., Mashkuri, Y.,
Hardware design of on-line Jawi character recognition chip using discrete wavelet transform,
ICDAR05(I: 91-95).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Meshesha, M.[Million], Jawahar, C.V.,
Recognition of printed Amharic documents,
ICDAR05(II: 784-788).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Dholakia, J., Negi, A.[Atul], Rama Mohan, S.,
Zone identification in the printed Gujarati text,
ICDAR05(I: 272-276).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Bar-Yosef, I., Beckman, I., Kedem, K., Dinstein, I.,
Extraction of specified objects from binary images using object based erosion transform: application to Hebrew calligraphic manuscripts,
ICDAR05(II: 878-882).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Bar-Yosef, I., Kedem, K., Dinstein, I., Beit-Arie, M., Engel, E.,
Classification of Hebrew Calligraphic Handwriting Styles: Preliminary Results,
DIAL04(299-305).
IEEE DOI Link 0404
BibRef

Methasate, I., Marukatat, S., Sae-tang, S., Theeramunkong, T.,
The feature combination technique for off-line Thai character recognition system,
ICDAR05(II: 1006-1009).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Thumwarin, P., Matsuura, T.,
On-line writer recognition for Thai based on velocity of barycenter of pen-point movement,
ICIP04(II: 889-892).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Antonacopoulos, A.[Apostolos], Bridson, D.[David],
A Robust Braille Recognition System,
DAS04(533-545).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Wong, L., Abdulla, W., Hussmann, S.,
A Software Algorithm Prototype for Optical Recognition of Embossed Braille,
ICPR04(II: 586-589).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Pipanmaekaporn, L.[Luepol], Sachdev, A.[Amornthep],
Classification of Connecting Points in Thai Printed Characters by combining Inductive Logic Programming with Backpropagation Neural Network,
CAIP03(563-570).
WWW Version. 0311
BibRef

Sinthupinyo, S., Pipanmaekaporn, L., Kijsirikul, B.,
Detection of connecting points in Thai printed characters by combining inductive logic programming with backpropagation neural network,
CIAP03(196-200).
IEEE Abstract. 0310
BibRef

Fernando, H.C., Kodikara, N.D., Hewavitharana, S.,
A database for handwriting recognition research in Sinhala language,
ICDAR03(1262-1264).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
BibRef

Korkmaz, S.U., Kircicegi, G., Akinci, Y., Atalay, V.,
A character recognizer for Turkish language,
ICDAR03(1238-1241).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
BibRef

Quan, V.H.[Vu Hai], Trung, P.N.[Pham Nam], Due, N.[Nguyen], Ha, H.[Hoang],
A robust method for the Vietnamese handwritten and speech recognition,
ICPR02(III: 732-735).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Quan, V.H.[Vu Hai], Kiem, H.[Hoang], Trung, P.N.[Pham Nam], Tin, L.T.[Lam Tri], Ha, N.D.H.[Nguyen Duc Hoang], Nguyen, A.H.,
A system for recognizing Vietnamese document images based on HMM and linguistics,
ICDAR01(627-630).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Maruyama, K., Maruyama, M., Miyao, H., Nakano, Y.,
Handprinted Hiragana recognition using support vector machines,
FHR02(55-60).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Liolios, N., Koutsogeorgos, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
The GRUHD database of Greek unconstrained handwriting,
ICDAR01(561-565).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Kiem, H.[Hoang], Bac, L.H.[Le Hoai], Thai, L.H.[Le Hoang],
A Fuzzy Neural Network for Vietnamese Character Recognition,
ICIP99(I:585-589).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9900

Ding, J., Lam, L., Suen, C.Y.,
Classification of Oriental and European Scripts by Using Characteristic Features,
ICDAR97(1023-1027).
IEEE DOI Link 9708
BibRef

Anniwear, Y., Aoki, Y.,
On The Segmentation of Multi Font Printed Uygur Scripts,
ICPR96(III: 215-219).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(Hokkaido Univ., J) BibRef

Airphaiboon, S., Sangworasil, M., Kondo, S.,
Off-line handwritten Thai characters from word script,
ICPR94(B:445-449).
IEEE DOI Link 9410
BibRef

Mantas, J.,
A Fuzzy Decision Operator in Recognizing Greek Hand-Drawn Characters,
ICPR86(753-755). BibRef 8600

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Devanagari, Indic, Hindi, Hindu, Bangla, Bengali, Telugu, Characters .