23.4.8.2 Arabic Characters, Including Farsi, Persian

Parhami, B., Taraghi, M.,
Automatic Recognition of Printed Farsi Texts,
PR(14), No. 1-6, 1981, pp. 395-403.
WWW Version. BibRef 8100

El-Sheikh, T.S., Guindi, R.M.,
Computer Recognition of Arabic Cursive Scripts,
PR(21), No. 4, 1988, pp. 293-302.
WWW Version. BibRef 8800

El-Sheikh, T.S., Guindi, R.M.,
Automatic Recognition of Isolated Arabic Characters,
SP(14), 1988, pp. 177-184. BibRef 8800

Almuallim, H., Yamaguchi, S.,
A Method of Recognition of Arabic Cursive Handwriting,
PAMI(9), No. 5, September 1987, pp. 715-722. BibRef 8709

El-Dabi, S.S.[Sherif Sami], Ramsis, R.[Refat], Kamel, A.[Aladin],
Arabic character recognition system: A statistical approach for recognizing cursive typewritten text,
PR(23), No. 5, 1990, pp. 485-495.
WWW Version. 0401
BibRef

El-Khaly, F., Sid-Ahmed, M.A.,
Machine Recognition of Optically Captured Machine Printed Arabic Text,
PR(23), No. 11, 1990, pp. 1207-1214.
WWW Version. 0401
BibRef

El-Sheikh, T.S., El-Taweel, S.G.,
Real-time arabic handwritten character recognition,
PR(23), No. 12, 1990, pp. 1323-1332.
WWW Version. 0401
BibRef

Al-Emami, S., and Usher, M.,
On-Line Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Characters,
PAMI(12), No. 7, July 1990, pp. 704-710.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9007

El-Wakil, M.S.[Mohamed S.], Shoukry, A.A.[Amin A.],
On-line recognition of handwritten isolated arabic characters,
PR(22), No. 2, 1989, pp. 97-105.
WWW Version. 0309
BibRef

Al-Yousefi, H., and Udpa, S.S.,
Recognition of Arabic Characters,
PAMI(14), No. 8, August 1992, pp. 853-857.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9208

Dutta, A., Chaudhury, S.,
Bengali Alpha-Numeric Character-Recognition Using Curvature Features,
PR(26), No. 12, December 1993, pp. 1757-1770.
WWW Version. BibRef 9312

Mahmoud, S.A., AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Green, R.J.,
Skeletonization of Arabic Characters Using Clustering Based Skeletonization Algorithm (CBSA),
PR(24), No. 5, 1991, pp. 453-464.
WWW Version. BibRef 9100

AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Mahmoud, S.A., Green, R.J.,
Recognition Of Handwritten Cursive Arabic Characters,
PAMI(16), No. 6, June 1994, pp. 664-672.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9406

Mahmoud, S.A.,
Arabic Character-Recognition Using Fourier Descriptors and Character Contour Encoding,
PR(27), No. 6, June 1994, pp. 815-824.
WWW Version. BibRef 9406

Abuhaiba, I.S.I., Ahmed, P.,
Restoration of Temporal Information in Off-Line Arabic Handwriting,
PR(26), No. 7, July 1993, pp. 1009-1017.
WWW Version. 0401
BibRef

Saleh, A.O.M.,
A Method of Coding Hand-Written Arabic Characters and Its Application to Context-Free Grammar,
PRL(15), No. 12, December 1994, pp. 1265-1271. BibRef 9412

Soltanzadeh, H.[Hasan], Rahmati, M.[Mohammad],
Recognition of Persian handwritten digits using image profiles of multiple orientations,
PRL(25), No. 14, 15 October 2004, pp. 1569-1576.
WWW Version. 0410
BibRef

Romeo-Pakker, K.[Katerin], Ameur, A.[Abderrahim], Olivier, C.[Christian], Lecourtier, Y.[Yves],
Structural-Analysis of Arabic Handwriting: Segmentation and Recognition,
MVA(8), No. 4, 1995, pp. 232-240.
HTML Version. BibRef 9500

Olivier, G., Miled, H., Romeo, K., Lecourtier, Y.,
Segmentation and coding of Arabic handwritten words,
ICPR96(III: 264-268).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(Univ. de Rouen, F) BibRef

Miled, H., Olivier, C., Cheriet, M., Lecourtier, Y.,
Coupling Observation/Letter for a Markovian Modelisation Applied to the Recognition of the Arabic Handwriting,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Touj, S.M.[Sameh Masmoudi], Amara, N.E.B.[Najoua Essoukri Ben], Amiri, H.[Hamid],
A hybrid approach for off-line Arabic handwriting recognition based on a Planar Hidden Markov modeling,
ICDAR07(964-968).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Miled, H., Amara, N.E.B.,
Planar Markov modeling for Arabic writing recognition: advancement state,
ICDAR01(69-73).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Amin, A., Al-Sadoun, H.B., Fischer, S.,
Hand-Printed Arabic Character-Recognition System Using an Artificial Network,
PR(29), No. 4, April 1996, pp. 663-675.
WWW Version. BibRef 9604

Amin, A.[Adnan], Kavianifar, M.[Mandana],
Automatic recognition of printed arabic text using neural network classifier,
CIAP97(II: 616-623).
WWW Version. 9709
BibRef

Amin, A., and Al-Sadoun, H.B.,
A new structural technique for recognizing printed Arabic text,
PRAI(9), No. 1, 1995, pp. 101-125. BibRef 9500
Earlier:
Hand-Printed Arabic Character Recognition System,
ICPR94(B:536-539).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef
Earlier:
A new segmentation technique of Arabic text,
ICPR92(II:441-445).
IEEE DOI Link 9208
BibRef

Bushofa, B.M.F., Spann, M.,
Segmentation and Recognition of Arabic Characters by Structural Classification,
IVC(15), No. 3, March 1997, pp. 167-179.
WWW Version. 9704
BibRef
Earlier:
Segmentation and Recognition of Printed Arabic Characters,
BMVC95(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 9509
BibRef

Alshebeili, S.A., Nabawi, A.A.F., Mahmoud, S.A.,
Arabic Character-Recognition Using 1-D Slices of the Character Spectrum,
SP(56), No. 1, January 1997, pp. 59-75. 9704
BibRef

Atici, A.A., Yarman-Vural, F.T.,
A Heuristic Algorithm for Optical Character Recognition of Arabic Script,
SP(62), No. 1, October 1997, pp. 87-99. 9801
BibRef

Amin, A.,
Arabic Character Recognition,
OCRDIA97(397-420). BibRef 9700

Amin, A.,
Off-Line Arabic Character-Recognition: The State of the Art,
PR(31), No. 5, May 1998, pp. 517-530.
WWW Version. 9805
Survey, Arabic. BibRef
Earlier:
Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition: A Survey,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Amin, A.[Adnan],
Recognition of printed arabic text based on global features and decision tree learning techniques,
PR(33), No. 8, August 2000, pp. 1309-1323.
WWW Version. 0005
BibRef

Amin, A.,
Prototyping Structural Description Using an Inductive Learning Program,
SMC-C(30), No. 1, February 2000, pp. 150-157.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 0002
And:
Prototyping structural description using decision tree learning techniques,
ICPR02(II: 76-79).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Amin, A., Mansoor, W.,
Recognition of Printed Arabic Text Using Neural Networks,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Motawe, D., Amin, A., Sabourin, R.,
Segmentation and Representation of Arabic Cursive Script,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Amin, A.,
Machine Recognition of Multi Font Printed Arabic Texts,
ICPR86(392-395). BibRef 8600

Amin, A., Masini, G., Haton, J.P.,
Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Words and Sentences,
ICPR84(1055-1057). BibRef 8400

Amin, A.,
Machine recognition of handwritten Arabic word by the IRAC II system,
ICPR82(35-37). BibRef 8200

Amin, A., Kaced, A., Haton, J.P., and Mohr, R.,
Handwritten Arabic character recognition by the IRAC system,
ICPR80(729-731). BibRef 8000

Amin, A., Masini, G.,
Machine recognition of cursive Arabic words,
SPIE(359), 1982, pp. 1127-1135. BibRef 8200

Amin, A., and Mari, J.F.,
Machine recognition and correction of printed Arabic text,
SMC(19), No. 5, 1989, pp. 1300-1306. BibRef 8900

Amin, A.[Adnan],
Recognition of hand-printed characters based on structural description and inductive logic programming,
PRL(24), No. 16, December 2003, pp. 3187-3196.
WWW Version. 0310
BibRef
Earlier: ICDAR01(333-337).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Bouslama, F.,
Neural Networks in the Recognition of Machine Printed Arabic Characters,
PRAI(13), No. 3, May 1999, pp. 395. BibRef 9905

Bouslama, F.,
Structural and Fuzzy Techniques in the Recognition of Online Arabic Characters,
PRAI(13), No. 7, November 1999, pp. 1027. 0005
BibRef

Bazzi, I., Schwartz, R., Makhoul, J.,
An Omnifont Open-Vocabulary OCR System for English and Arabic,
PAMI(21), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 495-504.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9906

Bazzi, I., La Pre, C., Makhoul, J., Raphael, C., Schwartz, R.,
Omnifont and Unlimited-Vocabulary OCR for English and Arabic,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Ismail, M.A., Gad, S.[Samia],
Off-line arabic signature recognition and verification,
PR(33), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1727-1740.
WWW Version. 0006
BibRef

Cheung, A., Bennamoun, M., Bergmann, N.W.,
An Arabic optical character recognition system using recognition-based segmentation,
PR(34), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 215-233.
WWW Version. 0011
BibRef

Dehghan, M., Faez, K., Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M.,
Unconstrained Farsi handwritten word recognition using fuzzy vector quantization and hidden Markov models,
PRL(22), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 209-214. 0101
BibRef
Earlier:
Off-line Unconstrained Farsi Handwritten Word Recognition Using Fuzzy Vector Quantization and Hidden Markov Word Models,
ICPR00(Vol II: 351-354).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Dehghan, M., Faez, K., Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M.,
Handwritten Farsi (Arabic) Word Recognition: A Holistic Approach Using Discrete HMM,
PR(34), No. 5, May 2001, pp. 1057-1065.
WWW Version. 0102
BibRef

Belkasim, S.O., Shridhar, M., Ahmadi, M.,
Shape contour recognition using moment invariants,
ICPR90(I: 649-651).
IEEE DOI Link 9006
BibRef

Kharma, N.N.[Nawwaf N.], Ward, R.K.[Rabab K.],
A novel invariant mapping applied to hand-written Arabic character recognition,
PR(34), No. 11, November 2001, pp. 2115-2120.
WWW Version. 0108
BibRef

Al-Ohali, Y.[Yousef], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Suen, C.[Ching],
Databases for recognition of handwritten Arabic cheques,
PR(36), No. 1, January 2003, pp. 111-121.
WWW Version. 0210
BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S.,
Recognising handwritten Arabic manuscripts using a single hidden Markov model,
PRL(24), No. 14, October 2003, pp. 2235-2242.
WWW Version. 0307
BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S.,
Mono-font Cursive Arabic Text Recognition Using Speech Recognition System,
SSPR06(755-763).
Springer DOI Link 0608
BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S., Clocksin, W.F.,
Multi-font Arabic Word Recognition Using Spectral Features,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 543-546).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef
Earlier:
Structural Features of Cursive Arabic Script,
BMVC99(Posters/Exhibition/Demos).
PDF Version. BibRef

Ben Amara, N.E.[Najoua Essoukri], Bouslama, F.[Faouzi],
Classification of Arabic script using multiple sources of information: State of the art and perspectives,
IJDAR(5), No. 4, July 2003, pp. 195-212.
HTML Version. 0308
BibRef

Ben Amara, N.E., Belad, A., Ellouze, N.,
Utilisation des modeles markoviens en reconnaissance de l'ecriture arabe: Etat de l'art,
CIFED2000(181-191). BibRef 0001

Al-Alawi, R.[Raida],
FPGA Implementation of Pyramidal Weightless Neural Networks Learning System,
IJNS(13), No. 4, 2003, pp. 225-237.
HTML Version. BibRef 0300

Al-Alawi, R.,
A Neural Network Recognition System for Isolated Handwritten Arabic Characters,
ICANN/ICONIP03(262-265). Istanbul, Turkey, June 26-29, 2003. BibRef 0306

Zheng, L.Y.[Li-Ying], Hassin, A.H.[Abbas H.], Tang, X.L.[Xiang-Long],
A new algorithm for machine printed Arabic character segmentation,
PRL(25), No. 15, November 2004, pp. 1723-1729.
WWW Version. 0411
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
A new representation of shape and its use for high performance in online Arabic character recognition by an associative memory,
IJDAR(7), No. 4, September 2005, pp. 201-210.
Springer DOI Link 0512
BibRef
Earlier:
A new representation of character shape and its use in on-line character recognition by a self organizing map,
ICIP04(III: 2123-2126).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar],
Pattern classification by a Gibbsian Kohonen neural network with an application to Arabic character recognition,
IPTA08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0811
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Mitiche, A.[Amar],
Combination of pruned Kohonen maps for on-line Arabic characters recognition,
ICDAR03(900-904).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
On-line recognition of handwritten Arabic characters using a Kohonen neural network,
FHR02(490-495).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Reconnaissance en-Ligne de Caractères Arabes Manuscrits par un Réseau de Kohonen,
VI02(186).
PDF Version. 0208
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Bayes Classification of Online Arabic Characters by Gibbs Modeling of Class Conditional Densities,
PAMI(30), No. 7, July 2008, pp. 1121-1131.
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar],
A Gibbsian Kohonen Network for Online Arabic Character Recognition,
ISVC08(II: 493-500).
Springer DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Lorigo, L.M., Govindaraju, V.,
Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: A Survey,
PAMI(28), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 712-724.
IEEE DOI Link 0604
Survey, Arabic. BibRef
Earlier:
Segmentation and pre-recognition of Arabic handwriting,
ICDAR05(II: 605-609).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
Includes recognition rates on test data. BibRef

Broumandnia, A.[Ali], Shanbehzadeh, J.[Jamshid],
Fast Zernike wavelet moments for Farsi character recognition,
IVC(25), No. 5, 1 May 2007, pp. 717-726.
WWW Version. 0703
Wavelet moments; Zernike moments; Character recognition; Character segmentation; Neural networks; Fast feature extraction BibRef

Broumandnia, A.[Ali], Shanbehzadeh, J.[Jamshid], Rezakhah Varnoosfaderani, M.,
Persian/arabic handwritten word recognition using M-band packet wavelet transform,
IVC(26), No. 6, 1 June 2008, pp. 829-842.
WWW Version. 0804
Holistic word recognition; Farsi handwritings; M-band packet wavelet; Row shift invariant BibRef

Khosravi, H.[Hossein], Kabir, E.[Ehsanollah],
Introducing a very large dataset of handwritten Farsi digits and a study on their varieties,
PRL(28), No. 10, 15 July 2007, pp. 1133-1141.
WWW Version. 0706
Farsi digits; Persian; Arabic; Handwriting; Dataset; Digit variety BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S.,
Offline recognition of omnifont Arabic text using the HMM ToolKit (HTK),
PRL(28), No. 12, 1 September 2007, pp. 1563-1571.
WWW Version. 0707
Document analysis; Pattern analysis and recognition; Machine vision; Arabic OCR; HTK BibRef

ERIM Arabic Document Database,
Machine printed Arabic documents. Dataset, OCR.
HTML Version.

Ebrahimi, A.[Afshin], Kabir, E.[Ehsanollah],
A pictorial dictionary for printed Farsi subwords,
PRL(29), No. 5, 1 April 2008, pp. 656-663.
WWW Version. 0802
Pictorial dictionary; Printed words; Farsi; Persian; Arabic; Characteristic loci BibRef

Khosravi, H.[Hossein], Kabir, E.[Ehsanollah],
A blackboard approach towards integrated Farsi OCR system,
IJDAR(12), No. 1, May 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link BibRef 0905
And: Erratum: IJDAR(12), No. 1, May 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0905
BibRef

Benouareth, A.[Abdallah], Ennaji, A.[Abdellatif], Sellami, M.[Mokhtar],
Semi-continuous Hmms with explicit state duration for unconstrained Arabic word modeling and recognition,
PRL(29), No. 12, 1 September 2008, pp. 1742-1752.
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef
Earlier:
HMMs with Explicit State Duration Applied to Handwritten Arabic Word Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 897-900).
WWW Version. 0609
Off-line handwritten Arabic word recognition; Semi-continuous HMM; Explicit state duration; Statistical and structural features; Embedded training; Modified Viterbi algorithm BibRef

Mohamad, R.A.H.[Ramy Al-Hajj], Likforman-Sulem, L.[Laurence], Mokbel, C.[Chafic],
Combining Slanted-Frame Classifiers for Improved HMM-Based Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
PAMI(31), No. 7, July 2009, pp. 1165-1177.
IEEE DOI Link 0905
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, A2:
Combination of HMM-Based Classifiers for the Recognition of Arabic Handwritten Words,
ICDAR07(959-963).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
Offline recognition of Arabic city names. Neural network combination of 3 classifiers. BibRef

Chang, Y.[Yi], Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Zhang, Y.[Ying], Yang, J.[Jie],
An image-based automatic Arabic translation system,
PR(42), No. 9, September 2009, pp. 2127-2134.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0905
Text detection; Image classification; OCR; Error correction BibRef

Sternby, J.[Jakob], Morwing, J.[Jonas], Andersson, J.[Jonas], Friberg, C.[Christer],
On-line Arabic handwriting recognition with templates,
PR(42), No. 12, December 2009, pp. 3278-3286,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0909
On-line; HWR; Arabic; Template; Modeling; Branch-and-bound; Diacritic; Graph; Trie BibRef

Ziaratban, M.[Majid], Faez, K.[Karim], Bagheri, F.[Fatemeh],
FHT: An Unconstraint Farsi Handwritten Text Database,
ICDAR09(281-285).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
Dataset, OCR. BibRef

Saabni, R.[Raid], El-Sana, J.[Jihad],
Hierarchical On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(867-871).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef
And:
Efficient Generation of Comprehensive Database for Online Arabic Script Recognition,
ICDAR09(1231-1235).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Daifallah, K.[Khaled], Zarka, N.[Nizar], Jamous, H.[Hassan],
Recognition-Based Segmentation Algorithm for On-Line Arabic Handwriting,
ICDAR09(886-890).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Shi, Z.[Zhixin], Setlur, S.[Srirangaraj], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
A Steerable Directional Local Profile Technique for Extraction of Handwritten Arabic Text Lines,
ICDAR09(176-180).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Wshah, S.[Safwan], Shi, Z.[Zhixin], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Based on both Contour and Skeleton Segmentation,
ICDAR09(793-797).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Alaei, A.[Alireza], Nagabhushan, P., Pal, U.[Umapada],
Fine Classification of Unconstrained Handwritten Persian/Arabic Numerals by Removing Confusion amongst Similar Classes,
ICDAR09(601-605).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Abd-Almageed, W.[Wael], Kumar, J.[Jayant], Doermann, D.[David],
Page Rule-Line Removal Using Linear Subspaces in Monochromatic Handwritten Arabic Documents,
ICDAR09(768-772).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Saleem, S.[Shirin], Cao, H.[Huaigu], Subramanian, K.[Krishna], Kamali, M.[Matin], Prasad, R.[Rohit], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Improvements in BBN's HMM-Based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition System,
ICDAR09(773-777).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Slimane, F.[Fouad], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Hennebert, J.[Jean],
A New Arabic Printed Text Image Database and Evaluation Protocols,
ICDAR09(946-950).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Boussellaa, W.[Wafa], Bougacha, A.[Aymen], Zahour, A.[Abderrazak], El Abed, H.[Haikal], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Enhanced Text Extraction from Arabic Degraded Document Images Using EM Algorithm,
ICDAR09(743-747).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Haboubi, S.[Sofiene], Maddouri, S.[Samia], Ellouze, N.[Noureddine], El Abed, H.[Hailkal],
Invariant Primitives for Handwritten Arabic Script: A Contrastive Study of Four Feature Sets,
ICDAR09(691-697).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Elbaati, A.[Abdelkarim], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Ennaji, A.[Abdellatif], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Temporal Order Recovery of the Scanned Handwriting,
ICDAR09(1116-1120).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Elbaati, A.[Abdelkarim], Boubaker, H.[Houcine], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Ennaji, A.[Abdellatif], El Abed, H.[Haikal], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Restored Stroke Chronology,
ICDAR09(411-415).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Boubaker, H.[Houcine], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
New Algorithm of Straight or Curved Baseline Detection for Short Arabic Handwritten Writing,
ICDAR09(778-782).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Hamdani, M.[Mahdi], El Abed, H.[Haikal], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Combining Multiple HMMs Using On-line and Off-line Features for Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(201-205).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Rybach, D.[David], Gollan, C.[Christian], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Writer Adaptive Training and Writing Variant Model Refinement for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(21-25).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Heigold, G.[Georg], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Confidence-Based Discriminative Training for Model Adaptation in Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(596-600).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Mozaffari, S.[Saeed], Soltanizadeh, H.[Hadi],
ICDAR 2009 Handwritten Farsi/Arabic Character Recognition Competition,
ICDAR09(1413-1417).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Haghighi, P.J.[Puntis Jifroodian], Nobile, N.[Nicola], He, C.L.[Chun Lei], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
A New Large-Scale Multi-purpose Handwritten Farsi Database,
ICIAR09(278-286).
Springer DOI Link 0907
Dataset, Farsi Handwriting. BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Jonas, S.[Stephan], Ney, H.[Hermann],
White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Ziaratban, M.[Majid], Faez, K.[Karim],
A novel two-stage algorithm for baseline estimation and correction in Farsi and Arabic handwritten text line,
ICPR08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Prasad, R.[Rohit], Saleem, S.[Shirin], Kamali, M.[Matin], Meermeier, R.[Ralf], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Improvements in hidden Markov model based Arabic OCR,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Cheikh, I.B.[I. Ben], Belaid, A., Kacem, A.,
A novel approach for the recognition of a wide Arabic handwritten word lexicon,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Assabie, Y.[Yaregal], Bigun, J.[Josef],
HMM-Based Handwritten Amharic Word Recognition with Feature Concatenation,
ICDAR09(961-965).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef
Earlier:
Lexicon-based offline recognition of Amharic words in unconstrained handwritten text,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Ali, M.A.[Mohamed A.],
Arabic Handwritten Characters Classification Using Learning Vector Quantization Algorithm,
ICISP08(463-470).
Springer DOI Link 0807
BibRef

Amrouch, M., Elyassa, M., Rachidi, A., Mammass, D.,
Off-Line Arabic Handwritten Characters Recognition Based on a Hidden Markov Models,
ICISP08(447-454).
Springer DOI Link 0807
BibRef

Helli, B.[Behzad], Moghadam, M.E.[Mohsen Ebrahimi],
Persian Writer Identification Using Extended Gabor Filter,
ICIAR08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0806
BibRef

AbdelRaouf, A.[Ashraf], Higgins, C.A.[Colin A.], Khalil, M.[Mahmoud],
A Database for Arabic Printed Character Recognition,
ICIAR08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.], Ball, G.R.[Gregory R.], Srinivasan, H.[Harish],
Versatile Search of Scanned Arabic Handwriting,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Visual Recognition of Arabic Handwriting: Challenges and New Directions,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Izadi, S.[Sara], Sadri, J.[Javad], Solimanpour, F.[Farshid], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
A Review on Persian Script and Recognition Techniques,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Abdul Kader, A.[Ahmad],
A Two-Tier Arabic Offline Handwriting Recognition Based on Conditional Joining Rules,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Belaïd, A.[Abdel], Choisy, C.[Christophe],
Human Reading Based Strategies for Off-Line Arabic Word Recognition,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Lopresti, D.P.[Daniel P.], Nagy, G.[George], Seth, S.[Sharad], Zhang, X.L.[Xiao-Li],
Multi-character Field Recognition for Arabic and Chinese Handwriting,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Fathalla, R., El Sonbaty, Y., Ismail, M.,
Extraction of Arabic Words from Complex Color Image,
ICDAR07(1223-1227).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

El Abed, H.[Haikal], Märgner, V.[Volker],
How to Improve a Handwriting Recognition System,
ICDAR09(1181-1185).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Databases and Competitions: Strategies to Improve Arabic Recognition Systems,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Margner, V., El Abed, H.,
Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
ICDAR07(1274-1278).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Mozaffari, S., Faez, K., Margner, V., El-Abed, H.,
Strategies for Large Handwritten Farsi/Arabic Lexicon Reduction,
ICDAR07(98-102).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Shahabi, F., Rahmati, M.,
A New Method for Writer Identification of Handwritten Farsi Documents,
ICDAR09(426-430).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Nejad, F., Rahmati, M.,
A New Method for Writer Identification and Verification Based on Farsi/Arabic Handwritten Texts,
ICDAR07(829-833).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Menasri, F., Vincent, N., Cheriet, M., Augustin, E.,
Shape-Based Alphabet for Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR07(969-973).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

El Abed, H.[Haikal], Margner, V.[Volker],
Comparison of Different Preprocessing and Feature Extraction Methods for Offline Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Words,
ICDAR07(974-978).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Amor, N.B.[N. Ben], Amara, N.B.[N. Ben],
An Approach for Multifont Arabic Characters Features Extraction Based on Contourlet Transform,
ICDAR07(1048-1052).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Boussellaa, W., Zahour, A., Taconet, B., Alimi, A.M., Benabdelhafid, A.,
PRAAD: Preprocessing and Analysis Tool for Arabic Ancient Documents,
ICDAR07(1058-1062).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Khelifi, B.[Badreddine], Zaghden, N.[Nizar], Alimi, M.A.[Mohamed Adel], Mullot, R.[Remy],
Unsupervised categorization of heterogeneous text images based on fractals,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Benjelil, M.[Mohamed], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Mullot, R.[Rémy], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Arabic and Latin Script Identification in Printed and Handwritten Types Based on Steerable Pyramid Features,
ICDAR09(591-595).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Jlaiel, M.B.[Mohamed Ben], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Alimi, A.M.[Adel Mohamed], Mullot, R.[Remy],
Three decision levels strategy for Arabic and Latin texts differentiation in printed and handwritten natures,
ICDAR07(1103-1107).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Kanoun, S., Ennaji, A., Lecourtier, Y., Alimi, A.M.,
Script and nature differentiation for Arabic and Latin text images,
FHR02(309-313).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef
And:
Linguistic integration information in the aabatas arabic text analysis system,
FHR02(389-394).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Cheikh, I.B.[I. Ben], Kacem, A.,
Neural Network for the Recognition of Handwritten Tunisian City Names,
ICDAR07(1108-1112).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Gazzah, S., Amara, N.B.[N. Ben],
Arabic Handwriting Texture Analysis for Writer Identification Using the DWT-Lifting Scheme,
ICDAR07(1133-1137).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Zahour, A., Likforman-Sulem, L., Boussellaa, W., Taconet, B.,
Text Line Segmentation of Historical Arabic Documents,
ICDAR07(138-142).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Touj, S., Amara, N.B.[N. Ben], Amiri, H.,
Two Approaches for Arabic Script Recognition-Based Segmentation Using the Hough Transform,
ICDAR07(654-658).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Bulacu, M.[Marius], Schomaker, L.[Lambert], Brink, A.,
Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification on Offline Arabic Handwriting,
ICDAR07(769-773).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
See also Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification Using Textural and Allographic Features. See also How Much Handwritten Text Is Needed for Text-Independent Writer Verification and Identification. BibRef

Attia, M.[Mohamed], El-Mahallawy, M.[Mohamed],
Histogram-Based Lines and Words Decomposition for Arabic Omni Font-Written OCR Systems; Enhancements and Evaluation,
CAIP07(522-530).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Zheng, L.Y.[Li-Ying],
Machine Printed Arabic Character Recognition Using S-GCM,
ICPR06(II: 893-896).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Nadir, F., Abdelatif, E., Tarek, K., Mokhtar, S.,
Benefit of multiclassifier systems for Arabic handwritten words recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 222-226).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Farooq, F., Govindaraju, V.[Venu], Perrone, M.,
Pre-processing methods for handwritten Arabic documents,
ICDAR05(I: 267-271).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

El Abed, H.[Haikal], Märgner, V.[Volker], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
ICDAR 2009 Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
ICDAR09(1388-1392).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
Survey, Arabic Handwriting. BibRef

Märgner, V.[Volker], El Abed, H.[Haikal],
ICDAR 2009 Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
ICDAR09(1383-1387).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Margner, V., Pechwitz, M., El Abed, H.[Haikal],
ICDAR 2005 Arabic handwriting recognition competition,
ICDAR05(I: 70-74).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Chan, J.[Jim], Ziftci, C.[Celal], Forsyth, D.A.[David A.],
Searching Off-line Arabic Documents,
CVPR06(II: 1455-1462).
IEEE DOI Link 0606
BibRef

Ben Amor, N.[Nadia], Ben Amara, N.E.,
Combining a hybrid Approach for Features Selection and Hidden Markov Models in Multifont Arabic Characters Recognition,
DIAL06(103-107).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Xiu, P.P.[Ping-Ping], Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing],
Multi-Queue Merging Scheme And Its Application in Arabic Script Segmentation,
DIAL06(24-29).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Xiu, P.P.[Ping-Ping], Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wang, H.[Hua],
Offline Handwritten Arabic Character Segmentation with Probabilistic Model,
DAS06(402-412).
Springer DOI Link 0602
BibRef

El-Hajj, R., Likforman-Sulem, L., Mokbel, C.,
Arabic handwriting recognition using baseline dependant features and hidden Markov modeling,
ICDAR05(II: 893-897).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Kanoun, S.[Slim], Slimane, F.[Fouad], Guesmi, H.[Hanêne], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Hennebert, J.[Jean],
Affixal Approach versus Analytical Approach for Off-Line Arabic Decomposable Vocabulary Recognition,
ICDAR09(661-665).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Kanoun, S., Alimi, A.M., Lecourtier, Y.,
Affixal approach for Arabic decomposable vocabulary recognition a validation on printed word in only one font,
ICDAR05(II: 1025-1029).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Pechwitz, M., Maergner, V.,
HMM based approach for handwritten Arabic word recognition using the IFN/ENIT - database,
ICDAR03(890-894).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Touj, S., Ben Amara, N.E., Amiri, H.,
Generalized hough transform for Arabic optical character recognition,
ICDAR03(1242-1246).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Al Ma'adeed, S., Higgens, C.A., Elliman, D.,
Recognition of off-line handwritten Arabic words using hidden Markov model approach,
ICPR02(III: 481-484).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Sari, T., Souici, L., Sellami, M.,
Off-line handwritten Arabic character segmentation algorithm: ACSA,
FHR02(452-457).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Sari, T., Sellami, M.,
MOrpho-LEXical analysis for correcting OCR-genereted arabic words (MOLEX),
FHR02(461-466).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Pechwitz, M., Margner, V.,
Baseline estimation for Arabic handwritten words,
FHR02(479-484).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Margner, V., Pechwitz, M.,
Synthetic data for Arabic OCR system development,
ICDAR01(1159-1163).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Margner, V.,
SARAT-a system for the recognition of Arabic printed text,
ICPR92(II:561-564).
IEEE DOI Link 9208
BibRef

Al-Ma'adeed, S., Elliman, D., Higgins, C.A.,
A data base for arabic handwritten text recognition research,
FHR02(485-489).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Al-Shaher, A.A.[Abdullah A.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Arabic Character Recognition Using Structural Shape Decomposition,
CAIP03(478-486).
WWW Version. 0311
See also Articulated Shape Mixtures for Object Recognition. BibRef

Al-Shaher, A.A., Hancock, E.R.,
Arabic Character Recognition with Shape Mixtures,
BMVC02(Poster Session). 0208
BibRef

Elgammal, A.M., and Ismail, M.A.,
A Graph-Based Segmentation and Feature-extraction Framework for Arabic Text Recognition,
ICDAR01(622-626).
IEEE DOI Link
PDF Version. 0109
BibRef

Elgammal, A.M., Ismail, M.A.,
Techniques for language identification for hybrid Arabic-English document images,
ICDAR01(1100-1104).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Zahour, A., Taconet, B., Mercy, P., Ramdane, S.,
Arabic hand-written text-line extraction,
ICDAR01(281-285).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Djematene, A., Taconet, B., Zahour, A.,
A Geometrical Feature Method for Printing and Handwritten Berber Characters,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Alimi, A.M.,
An Evolutionary Neuro-Fuzzy Approach to Recognize On-Line Arabic Handwriting,
ICDAR97(Tu-3A) 9708
BibRef

Yektaie, M.H., Zahzah, E.H., and Menard, M.,
Automatic Segmentation of Printed Persian (Farsi) Text,
SCIA97(xx-yy) 9705

HTML Version. BibRef

Hassibi, K.,
Recognition of Arabic Machine-Printed Cursive Text,
ICPR96(C73.16). 9608
(ADRG Mitek Systems, Inc., USA) BibRef

Schwartz, R., La Pre, C., Makhoul, J., Raphael, C., Zhao, Y.,
Language-Independent OCR Using a Continuous Speech Recognition System,
ICPR96(III: 99-103).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(BBN Systems and Technologies, USA) BibRef

La Pre, C., Zhao, Y., Schwartz, R., Makhoul, J.,
Multi-Font Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition Using the BBN Byblos Speech Recognition System,
ICASSP96(XX) BBN Systems and Technologies. BibRef 9600

Zidouri, A.B.C., Chinveeraphan, S., Sato, M.,
Structural features by MCR expression for printed Arabic character recognition,
CIAP95(557-562).
Springer DOI Link 9509
BibRef

Douniwa, K., Chinveeraphan, S., Sato, M.,
MCR expression of document images based on maximum matching of bipartite graph,
ICPR92(III:117-121).
IEEE DOI Link 9208
BibRef

El Gowely, K., El Dessouki, O., Nazif, A.,
Multi-phase recognition of multifont photoscript Arabic text,
ICPR90(I: 700-702).
IEEE DOI Link 9006
BibRef

Impedovo, S.,
Plane Curve Classification Through Fourier Descriptors: An Application to Arabic Hand-Written Numeral Recognition,
ICPR84(1069-1072). BibRef 8400

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
OCR Evaluations .