23.2.8.1 Enhancement, Restoration of Document Images, Curls

Namane, A., Sid-Ahmed, M.A.,
Character scaling by contour method,
PAMI(12), No. 6, June 1990, pp. 600-606.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Shi, Z.X., Govindaraju, V.,
Character Image-Enhancement by Selective Region-Growing,
PRL(17), No. 5, May 1 1996, pp. 523-527. 9606 BibRef

Thouin, P.D.[Paul D.], Chang, C.I.[Chein-I],
A Method for Restoration of Low-Resolution Document Images,
IJDAR(2), No. 4, 1999, pp. 200-210. 0008 BibRef

Sattar, F., Floreby, L., Salomonsson, G., Lovstrom, B.,
Image-Enhancement Based on a Nonlinear Multiscale Method,
IP(6), No. 6, June 1997, pp. 888-895.
WWW Version. 9705 BibRef

Sattar, F.[Farook], Tay, D.B.H.,
Enhancement of Document Images Using Multiresolution and Fuzzy Logic Techniques,
SPLetters(6), No. 10, October 1999, pp. 249.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9910

Tay, D.B.H.[David B.H.], Sattar, F.[Farook],
On the Multiresolution Enhancement of Document Images Using Fuzzy Logic Approach,
ICPR98(Vol I: 939-941).
WWW Version. 9808 BibRef

Fan, K.C.[Kuo-Chin], Wang, Y.K.[Yuan-Kai], Lay, T.R.[Tsann-Ran],
Marginal noise removal of document images,
PR(35), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 2593-2611.
WWW Version. 0208 BibRef
Earlier: ICDAR01(317-321).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Ye, X.Y.[Xiang-Yun], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
A generic method of cleaning and enhancing handwritten data from business forms,
IJDAR(4), No. 2 2001, pp. 84-96.
HTML Version. 0201 BibRef

Molton, N.[Nicholas], Pan, X.B.[Xiao-Bo], Brady, M.[Michael], Bowman, A.K.[Alan K.], Crowther, C.[Charles], Tomlin, R.[Roger],
Visual enhancement of incised text,
PR(36), No. 4, April 2003, pp. 1031-1043.
WWW Version. 0304 BibRef

Pan, X.B.[Xiao-Bo], Brady, M.[Michael], Bowman, A.K.[Alan K.], Crowther, C.[Charles], Tomlin, R.S.O.,
Enhancement and feature extraction for images of incised and ink texts,
IVC(22), No. 6, 1 June 2004, pp. 443-451.
WWW Version. 0403 BibRef

McGunnigle, G., Chantler, M.J.,
Resolving handwriting from background printing using photometric stereo,
PR(36), No. 8, August 2003, pp. 1869-1879.
WWW Version. 0304 See also Rough surface classification using point statistics from photometric stereo. BibRef

Kanungo, T.[Tapas], Zheng, Q.G.[Qi-Gong],
Estimating Degradation Model Parameters Using Neighborhood Pattern Distributions: An Optimization Approach,
PAMI(26), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 520-524.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403Noise models for degraded images. Characters. BibRef

Zheng, Q.G.[Qi-Gong], Kanungo, T.[Tapas],
Morphological Degradation Models and Their Use in Document Image Restoration,
ICIP01(I: 193-196).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef
And: UMD--TR4218, February 2001.
WWW Version.
WWW Version. Use the estimated degradation model for restoration. BibRef

Kanungo, T.[Tapas], Zheng, Q.G.[Qi-Gong],
A Downhill Simplex Algorithm for Estimating Morphological Degradation Model Parameters,
UMD--TR4219, February 2001.
WWW Version.
WWW Version. BibRef 0102

Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Cao, R.[Ruini], Shen, P.[Peiyi],
Restoration of Archival Documents Using a Wavelet Technique,
PAMI(24), No. 10, October 2002, pp. 1399-1404.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210Restore by recovering content from interference from writhing on opposite side. BibRef

Wang, Q.[Qian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Matching of Double-Sided Document Images to Remove Interference,
CVPR01(I:1084-1089).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0110 BibRef

Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Cao, R.[Ruini], Shen, P.[Peiyi], Wang, Q.[Qian], Chee, J.[Julia], Chang, J.[Josephine],
Removal of Interfering Strokes in Double-Sided Document Images,
WACV00(16-21).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0010The printing on the back comes through. Eliminate the lines sloping the wrong way. BibRef

Fan, L.X.[Li-Xin], Fan, L.Y.[Li-Ying], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Adaptive image-smoothing using a coplanar matrix and its application to document image binarization,
IJDAR(5), No. 2-3, April 2003, pp. 88-101.
HTML Version. 0308 BibRef
Earlier:
Adaptive image restoration using structure tensors,
ICIP02(I: 345-348).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3
Binarizing document image using coplanar prefilter,
ICDAR01(34-38).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef

Fan, L.X.[Li-Xin], Fan, L.Y.[Li-Ying], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A diffusion process for wavelet-transform-based image denoising and its application to document image binarization,
ICIP03(III: 353-356).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312 BibRef
And:
Wavelet diffusion for document image denoising,
ICDAR03(1188-1192).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Loo, P.K.[Poh-Kok], Tan, C.L.[Chew-Lim],
Using irregular pyramid for text segmentation and binarization of gray scale images,
ICDAR03(594-598).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Wang, Q.[Qian], Xia, T.[Tao], Li, L.[Lida], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Document image enhancement using directional wavelet,
CVPR03(II: 534-539).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0307 BibRef

Wang, Q.[Qian], Xia, T.[Tao], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Li, L.[Lida],
Directional wavelet approach to remove document image interference,
ICDAR03(736-740).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Zhang, L.[Li], Zhang, Z.[Zheng], Xia, T.[Tao],
Restoring Warped Document Images through 3D Shape Modeling,
PAMI(28), No. 2, February 2006, pp. 195-208.
WWW Version. 0601 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, A1, A4:
3D Geometric and Optical Modeling of Warped Document Images from Scanners,
CVPR05(I: 337-342).
WWW Version. 0507 See also Convex hull based skew estimation. BibRef

Zhang, L.[Li], Tan, C.L.[Chew-Lim],
Warped Document Image Restoration Using Shape-from-Shading and Physically-Based Modeling,
WACV07(29-29).
WWW Version. 0702 BibRef
Earlier:
Restoring Warped Document Images using Shape-from-Shading and Surface Interpolation,
ICPR06(I: 642-645).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef
Earlier:
Warped image restoration with applications to digital libraries,
ICDAR05(I: 192-196).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Zhang, L.[Li], Yip, A.M.[Andy M.], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Removing Shading Distortions in Camera-based Document Images Using Inpainting and Surface Fitting With Radial Basis Functions,
ICDAR07(984-988).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef
And:
Photometric and Geometric Restoration of Document Images Using Inpainting and Shape-from-Shading,
AAAI-07(xx-yy) BibRef
And:
Shape from Shading Based on Lax-Friedrichs Fast Sweeping and Regularization Techniques With Applications to Document Image Restoration,
CVPR07(1-8).
WWW Version. 0706 BibRef

Zhang, L.[Li], Yip, A.M.[Andy M.], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A Restoration Framework for Correcting Photometric and Geometric Distortions in Camera-based Document Images,
ICCV07(1-8).
WWW Version. 0710 BibRef

Chua, K.B., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Tan, C.L.,
A fast and stable approach for restoration of warped document images,
ICDAR05(I: 384-388).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Zhang, Z.[Zheng], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Fan, L.Y.[Li-Ying],
Estimation of 3D shape of warped document surface for image restoration,
ICPR04(I: 486-489).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef
And:
Restoration of curved document images through 3D shape modeling,
CVPR04(I: 10-15).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0408 BibRef

Zhang, L.[Li], Zhang, Y.[Yu], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
An Improved Physically-Based Method for Geometric Restoration of Distorted Document Images,
PAMI(30), No. 4, April 2008, pp. 728-734.
WWW Version. 0803 BibRef

Zhang, Z.[Zheng], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Correcting document image warping based on regression of curved text lines,
ICDAR03(589-594).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef
Earlier:
Recovery of distorted document images from bound volumes,
ICDAR01(429-433).
WWW Version. 0109 BibRef
And:
Restoration of Images Scanned from Thick Bound Documents,
ICIP01(I: 1074-1077).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Document Flattening through Grid Modeling and Regularization,
ICPR06(I: 971-974).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef
And:
Camera Text Recognition based on Perspective Invariants,
ICPR06(II: 1042-1045).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef
And:
The Restoration of Camera Documents Through Image Segmentation,
DAS06(484-495).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Donaldson, K.[Katherine], Myers, G.K.[Gregory K.],
Bayesian Super-Resolution of Text in Video with a Text-Specific Bimodal Prior,
IJDAR(7), No. 2-3, July 2005, pp. 159-167.
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef
Earlier: CVPR05(I: 1188-1195).
WWW Version. 0507 BibRef

Chen, Y.[Yan], Leedham, G.,
Decompose algorithm for thresholding degraded historical document images,
VISP(152), No. 6, December 2005, pp. 702-714.
WWW Version. 0512 BibRef
Earlier:
The multistage approach to information extraction in degraded document images,
ICPR04(I: 445-448).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Mancas-Thillou, C.[Céline], Ferreira, S.[Silvio], Gosselin, B.[Bernard],
An Embedded Application for Degraded Text Recognition,
JASP(2005), No. 13, 2005, pp. 2127-2135.
WWW Version. 0603 BibRef

Mancas-Thillou, C., Mancas, M., Gosselin, B.,
Camera-based degraded character segmentation into individual components,
ICDAR05(II: 755-759).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Lin, Z.C.[Zhou-Chen], Wang, R.R.[Rong-Rong], Shum, H.Y.[Heung-Yeung],
Rule-based cleanup of on-line English ink notes,
PR(39), No. 6, June 2006, pp. 1074-1087.
WWW Version. 0604Handwriting analysis; Handwriting recognition See also Table Detection in Online Ink Notes. BibRef

Fataicha, Y., Cheriet, M., Nie, J.Y., Suen, C.Y.,
Retrieving poorly degraded OCR documents,
IJDAR(8), No. 1, April 2006, pp. 1-10.
WWW Version. 0605 BibRef

Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Chen, B.M.[Ben M.], Ko, C.C.,
A partition approach for the restoration of camera images of planar and curled document,
IVC(24), No. 8, August 2006, pp. 837-848.
WWW Version. 0608Document image rectification; Morphological image processing; Fuzzy sets BibRef

Cheng, Z.G.[Zhi-Guo], Liu, Y.C.[Yun-Cai],
A Graph-based Method to Remove Interferential Curve From Text Image,
MVA(17), No. 4, September 2006, pp. 219-228.
WWW Version. 0608 BibRef

Allier, B.[Bénédicte], Bali, N.[Nadia], Emptoz, H.[Hubert],
Automatic accurate broken character restoration for patrimonial documents,
IJDAR(8), No. 4, September 2006, pp. 246-261.
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Tonazzini, A.[Anna], Salerno, E.[Emanuele], Bedini, L.[Luigi],
Fast correction of bleed-through distortion in grayscale documents by a blind source separation technique,
IJDAR(10), No. 1, June 2007, pp. 17-25.
WWW Version. 0707 BibRef

Tonazzini, A.[Anna], Salerno, E.[Emanuele], Mochi, M.[Matteo], Bedini, L.[Luigi],
Bleed-Through Removal from Degraded Documents Using a Color Decorrelation Method,
DAS04(229-240).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Liang, J.[Jian], DeMenthon, D.F.[Daniel F.], Doermann, D.[David],
Geometric Rectification of Camera-Captured Document Images,
PAMI(30), No. 4, April 2008, pp. 591-605.
WWW Version. 0803 BibRef
Earlier:
Flattening Curved Documents in Images,
CVPR05(II: 338-345).
WWW Version. 0507 BibRef

Chen, J., Wang, Y.,
Exploiting Fisher Kernels in Decoding Severely Noisy Document Images,
ICDAR07(417-421).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Hale, C., Barney-Smith, E.,
Human Image Preference and Document Degradation Models,
ICDAR07(257-261).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Fujimoto, K.[Katsuhito], Sun, J.[Jun], Takebe, H.[Hiroaki], Suwa, M.[Misako], Naoi, S.[Satoshi],
Curved paper rectification for digital camera document images by shape from parallel geodesics using continuous dynamic programming,
ICDAR07(267-271).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Meng, G., Zheng, N., Zhang, Y., Song, Y.,
Circular Noises Removal from Scanned Document Images,
ICDAR07(183-187).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Likforman-Sulem, L., Sigelle, M.,
Recognition of Broken Characters from Historical Printed Books Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks,
ICDAR07(173-177).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Schneider, D., Block, M., Rojas, R.,
Robust Document Warping with Interpolated Vector Fields,
ICDAR07(113-117).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Gatos, B., Pratikakis, I., Ntirogiannis, K.,
Segmentation Based Recovery of Arbitrarily Warped Document Images,
ICDAR07(989-993).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Wu, M., Li, R., Fu, B., Li, W., Xu, Z.,
A Model Based Book Dewarping Method to Handle 2D Images Captured by a Digital Camera,
ICDAR07(158-162).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Nwogu, I., Shi, Z., Govindaraju, V.,
PDE-Based Enhancement of Low Quality Documents,
ICDAR07(541-545).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Gupta, A., Kumar, S., Gupta, R., Chaudhury, S., Joshi, S.,
Enhancement of Old Manuscript Images,
ICDAR07(744-748).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Zandifar, A.[Ali],
Unwarping scanned image of Japanese/English documents,
CIAP07(129-136).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Lins, R.D.[Rafael Dueire], Gomes e Silva, A.R.[André R.], Pereira e Silva, G.[Gabriel],
Enhancing Document Images Acquired Using Portable Digital Cameras,
ICIAR07(1229-1241).
WWW Version. 0708 BibRef
And:
Assessing and Improving the Quality of Document Images Acquired with Portable Digital Cameras,
ICDAR07(569-573).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Mischke, L.[Lothar], Luther, W.[Wolfram],
Document Image De-warping Based on Detection of Distorted Text Lines,
CIAP05(1068-1075).
WWW Version. 0509 BibRef

Gomes e Silva, A.R.[André R.], Lins, R.D.[Rafael Dueire],
Background Removal of Document Images Acquired Using Portable Digital Cameras,
ICIAR05(278-285).
WWW Version. 0509 BibRef

Wu, M.H.[Ming-Hui], Li, R.F.[Rong-Feng], Fu, B.[Bin], Li, W.X.[Wen-Xin], Xu, Z.Q.[Zhuo-Qun],
A Page Content Independent Book Dewarping Method to Handle 2D Images Captured by a Digital Camera,
ICIAR07(1242-1253).
WWW Version. 0708 BibRef

Romero, V.[Verónica], Toselli, A.H.[Alejandro H.], Rodríguez, L.[Luis], Vidal, E.[Enrique],
Computer Assisted Transcription for Ancient Text Images,
ICIAR07(1182-1193).
WWW Version. 0708 BibRef
And:
Computer Assisted Transcription of Handwritten Text Images,
ICDAR07(944-948).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Castro, P.[Pedro], Almeida, R.J., Pinto, J.R.C.[J. R. Caldas],
Restoration of Double-Sided Ancient Music Documents with Bleed-Through,
CIARP07(940-949).
WWW Version. 0711 See also new graph-like classification method applied to ancient handwritten musical symbols, A. BibRef

Castro, P.[Pedro], Pinto, J.R.C.[J. R. Caldas],
Methods for Written Ancient Music Restoration,
ICIAR07(1194-1205).
WWW Version. 0708 BibRef

Ezaki, H., Uchida, S., Asano, A., Sakoe, H.,
Dewarping of document image by global optimization,
ICDAR05(I: 302-306).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Ulges, A.[Adrian], Lampert, C.H.[Christoph H.], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Document Image Dewarping using Robust Estimation of Curled Text Lines,
ICDAR05(II: 1001-1005).
WWW Version.
PDF Version. BibRef 0500
And:
Document Capture using Stereo Vision,
DocEng04(xx-yy).
PDF Version. BibRef

Kitamoto, A., Onishi, M., Ikezaki, T., Deuff, D., Meyer, E., Sato, S., Muramatsu, T., Kamida, R., Yamamoto, T., Ono, K.,
Digital Bleaching and Content Extraction for the Digital Archive of Rare Books,
DIAL06(133-144).
WWW Version. 0604 BibRef

Feng, S.L.[Shao-Lei], Manmatha, R., McCallum, A.,
Exploring the Use of Conditional Random Field Models and HMMs for Historical Handwritten Document Recognition,
DIAL06(30-37).
WWW Version. 0604 BibRef

Feng, S.L., Manmatha, R.,
Classification models for historical manuscript recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 528-532).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Drira, F.,
Towards Restoring Historic Documents Degraded Over Time,
DIAL06(350-357).
WWW Version. 0604 BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Stamatatos, E.,
Improving the Quality of Degraded Document Images,
DIAL06(340-349).
WWW Version. 0604 BibRef

Fadoua, D.[Drira], Le Bourgeois, F.[Frank], Emptoz, H.[Hubert],
Restoring Ink Bleed-Through Degraded Document Images Using a Recursive Unsupervised Classification Technique,
DAS06(38-49).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Moalla, I.[Ikram], Le Bourgeois, F.[Frank], Emptoz, H.[Hubert], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Contribution to the Discrimination of the Medieval Manuscript Texts: Application in the Palaeography,
DAS06(25-37).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Ristic, D.[Danijela], Vuppala, S.K.[Sai Krishna], Graser, A.[Axel],
Feedback Control for Improvement of Image Processing: An Application of Recognition of Characters on Metallic Surfaces,
CVS06(39).
WWW Version. 0602 BibRef

Corduneanu, A., Platt, J.C.,
Learning Spatially-Variable Filters for Super-Resolution of Text,
ICIP05(I: 849-852).
WWW Version. 0512 BibRef

Pinto, J.R.C.[João R. Caldas], Bandeira, L.[Lourenço], Sousa, J.M.C.[João M.C.], Pina, P.[Pedro],
Combining Fuzzy Clustering and Morphological Methods for Old Documents Recovery,
IbPRIA05(II:387).
WWW Version. 0509 BibRef

Hidalgo, J.L.[José Luis], España, S.[Salvador], Castro, M.J.[María José], Pérez, J.A.[José Alberto],
Enhancement and Cleaning of Handwritten Data by Using Neural Networks,
IbPRIA05(I:376).
WWW Version. 0509 BibRef

Szwoch, M.[Mariusz], Szwoch, W.[Wioleta],
Preprocessing and Segmentation of Bad Quality Machine Typed Documents,
DAS04(276-285).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Spitz, A.L.[A. Lawrence],
Tilting at Windmills: Adventures in Attempting to Reconstruct 'Don Quixote',
DAS04(51-62).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Smigiel, E.[Eddie], Belaid, A.[Abdel], Hamza, H.[Hatem],
Self-organizing Maps and Ancient Documents,
DAS04(125-134).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Dalley, G., Freeman, B., Marks, J.,
Single-frame text super-resolution: a bayesian approach,
ICIP04(V: 3295-3298).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Shi, Z.[Zhixin], Govindaraju, V.,
Historical document image enhancement using background light intensity normalization,
ICPR04(I: 473-476).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Smith, E.H.B.[Elisa H. Barney], Andersen, T.,
Text degradations and OCR training,
ICDAR05(II: 834-838).
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Yam, H.S.[Hok Sum], Smith, E.H.B.[Elisa H. Barney],
Estimating degradation model parameters from character images,
ICDAR03(710-714).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Srihari, R.K., Niu, C.[Cheng], Li, W.[Wei], Ding, J.H.[Ji-Hong],
A case restoration approach to named entity tagging in degraded documents,
ICDAR03(720-724).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Sarkar, P., Baird, H.S., Zhang, X.H.[Xiao-Hu],
Training on severely degraded text-line images,
ICDAR03(38-43).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Cheriet, M.,
Shock filters for character image enhancement and peeling,
ICDAR03(1247-1251).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Pilu, M.[Maurizio],
Undoing Paper Curl Distortion Using Applicable Surfaces,
CVPR01(I:67-72).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0110 BibRef
And:
Undoing Page Curl Distortion Using Applicable Surfaces,
ICIP01(I: 237-240).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Shearer, K., Bourlard, H.,
Text enhancement with asymmetric filter for video OCR,
CIAP01(192-197).
IEEE Top Reference. 0210 BibRef

Kwak, S., Choi, Y., Chung, K.,
Video Caption Image Enhancement for an Efficient Character Recognition,
ICPR00(Vol II: 606-609).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009Korean characters. BibRef

Li, H.P.[Hui-Ping], Doermann, D.[David],
Superresolution-based Enhancement of Text in Digital Video,
ICPR00(Vol I: 847-850).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Bern, M., Goldberg, D.,
Scanner-model-based Document Image Improvement,
ICIP00(Vol II: 582-585).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Brakensiek, A., Willett, D., Rigoll, G.,
Improved Degraded Document Recognition with Hybrid Modeling Techniques and Character N-grams,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 438-441).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Fekri, F., Mersereau, R.M., Schafer, R.W.,
Enhancement of text images using a context based nonlinear interpolative vector quantization method,
ICIP98(III: 237-241).
WWW Version. 9810 BibRef

Hobby, J.D.[John D.], Ho, T.K.,
Enhancing Degraded Document Images Via Bitmap Clustering And Averaging,
ICDAR97(Tu-3B) 9708 BibRef

Ben Hadj Majdi, A.,
Background Noise Detection and Cleaning in Document Images,
ICPR96(III: 758-762).
WWW Version. 9608(Germna Res. Center, D) BibRef

Hobby, J.D.[John D.], Baird, H.S.[Henry S.],
Degraded Character Image Restoration,
SDAIR96(XX) AT&T Bell Laboratories. BibRef 9600

Chung, Y., Lee, K., Paik, J., Lee, Y.,
Extraction and Restoration of Digits Touching or Overlapping Lines,
ICPR96(III: 155-159).
WWW Version. 9608(Yonsei Univ., KOR) BibRef

Matic, N., Guyon, I., Bottou, L., Denker, J., Vapnik, V.,
Computer aided cleaning of large databases for character recognition,
ICPR92(II:330-333).
WWW Version. 9208 BibRef

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Word Level Recognition, Language Models .