6.4.3 Line Vectorization, Document Analysis

Clement, T.P.,
The Extraction of Line-Structured Data from Engineering Drawings,
PR(14), No. 1-6, 1981, pp. 43-52.
WWW Version. BibRef 8100

Gibson, L., Lucas, D.,
Vectorization of Raster Images Using Hierarchical Methods,
CGIP(20), No. 1, September 1982, pp. 82-89.
WWW Version. BibRef 8209

Pferd, W.[William], Ramachandran, K.[Krishan],
Vector coding of computer graphics material,
US_Patent4,307,377, 12/22/1981.
HTML Version. BibRef 8112

Jiminez, J., Navalon, J.L.,
Some Experiments in Image Vectorization,
IBMRD(26), No. 6, November 1982, pp. 724-734. BibRef 8211

Pavlidis, T.,
A Vectorizer and Feature Extractor for Document Recognition,
CVGIP(35), No. 1, July 1986, pp. 111-127.
WWW Version. BibRef 8607

Grover, D.N.[David N.], Kleca, E.A.[Eugene A.], Lipkie, C.A.[Curtis A.],
Method and apparatus for vectorizing documents and symbol recognition,
US_Patent4,603,431, 07/29/1986.
HTML Version. Symbol Recognition. BibRef 8607

Bixler, J.P., Watson, L.T., Sanford, J.P.,
Spline-Based Recognition of Straight Lines and Curves in Engineering Line Drawings,
IVC(6), No. 4, November 1988, pp. 262-269.
WWW Version. BibRef 8811

Walton, D.J.,
A Note on Graphics Editing of Curved Line Drawings,
CVGIP(45), No. 1, January 1989, pp. 61-67.
WWW Version. BibRef 8901

Bhaskaran, P.[Parvathy],
Method and apparatus for recognition of graphic symbols,
US_Patent4,949,388, 08/14/1990.
HTML Version. On vectorized hand drawn graphics. BibRef 9008

Nagasamy, V., and Langrana, N.A.,
Engineering Drawing Processing and Vectorization System,
CVGIP(49), No. 3, March 1990, pp. 379-397.
WWW Version. Application, Engineering Drawings. BibRef 9003

Chen, Y., Langrana, N.A., Das, A.K.,
Perfecting Vectorized Mechanical Drawings,
CVIU(63), No. 2, March 1996, pp. 273-286.
WWW Version. BibRef 9603

Kaneko, T.[Toru],
Line structure extraction from line-drawing images,
PR(25), No. 9, September 1992, pp. 963-973.
WWW Version. 0401
BibRef

Han, C.C., Fan, K.C.,
Skeleton Generation of Engineering Drawings via Contour Matching,
PR(27), No. 2, February 1994, pp. 261-275.
WWW Version. BibRef 9402

Ablameyko, S.V., Bereishik, V., Paramonova, N., Marcelli, A., Ishikawa, S., Kato, N.,
Vectorization and Representation of Large-Size 2-D Line Drawing Images,
JVCIR(5), 1994, pp. 245-254. BibRef 9400

Ablameyko, S.V., Bereishik, V., Frantskevich, O., Homenko, M., Melnik, E., Okun, O., Paramonova, N.,
A system for automatic vectorization and interpretation of map-drawings,
ICCV93(456-460).
IEEE DOI Link 0403
BibRef

Ablameyko, S.V., Bereishik, V., Frantskevich, O., Homenko, M., Paramonova, N.,
A System for Automatic Recognition of Engineering Drawing Entities,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1157-1159).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef
Earlier:
Algorithms for Recognition of the Main Engineering Drawing Entities,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Lagunovsky, D.[Dmitry], Ablameyko, S.V., Kutas, M.,
Recognition of Integrated Circuit Images in Reverse Engineering,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1640-1642).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Janssen, R.D.T., Vossepoel, A.M.,
Adaptive Vectorization of Line Drawing Images,
CVIU(65), No. 1, January 1997, pp. 38-56. 9702

WWW Version. BibRef

Chiang, J.Y., Tue, S.C., Leu, Y.C.,
A New Algorithm for Line Image Vectorization,
PR(31), No. 10, October 1998, pp. 1541-1549.
WWW Version. 9808
BibRef

Chang, H.H.[Hung-Hsin], Yan, H.[Hong],
Vectorization of hand-drawn image using piecewise cubic Bezier curves fitting,
PR(31), No. 11, November 1998, pp. 1747-1755.
WWW Version. BibRef 9811

Zou, J.J.[Ju Jia], Yan, H.[Hong],
Line Image Vectorization Based on Shape Partitioning and Merging,
ICPR00(Vol III: 994-997).
IEEE DOI Link
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin], Dori, D.[Dov],
From Rasters to Vectors: Extracting Visual Information from Line Drawings,
PAA(2), No. 1, 1999, pp. 10-21. BibRef 9900

Dori, D.[Dov], Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin],
Sparse Pixel Vectorization: An Algorithm and Its Performance Evaluation,
PAMI(21), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 202-215.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Document Analysis. Engineering Drawing Analysis. Only visit selected medial axis points rather than all points. The results are good, except for detailed graphics in the original. BibRef 9903

Dori, D.[Dov], Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin],
Performance Evaluation of Graphics Recognition Algorithms: Principles and Applications,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1180-1182).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin], Dori, D.[Dov],
A Generic Integrated Line Detection Algorithm and Its Object-Process Specification,
CVIU(70), No. 3, June 1998, pp. 420-437.
WWW Version. BibRef 9806

Dori, D.,
Vector-Based Arc Segmentation in the Machine Drawing Understanding System Environment,
PAMI(17), No. 11, November 1995, pp. 1057-1068.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Document Understanding. The paper has the code. See also Representing Pattern Recognition-Embedded Systems through Object-Process Diagrams: The Case of the Machine Drawing Understanding System. BibRef 9511

Dori, D.[Dov], and Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin],
Stepwise Recovery of Arc Segmentation in Complex Line Environments,
IJDAR(1), No. 1, Spring 1998, pp. xx-yy. BibRef 9800

Chai, I., and Dori, D.,
Orthogonal Zig-Zag: An Efficient Method for Extracting Straight Lines from Engineering Drawings,
VF91(127-136). Selectively process only a part of the image (trace the line) rather than the whole thing to fine the straight lines. BibRef 9100

Dori, D., Liu, W.Y.,
Arc Segmentation from Complex Line Environments: A Vector-Based Stepwise Recovery Algorithm,
ICDAR97(Mo-2C) 9708
BibRef

Liu, W.Y., Dori, D.,
Sparse Pixel Tracking: A Fast Vectorization Algorithm Applied to Engineering Drawings,
ICPR96(III: 808-812).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(Technion, IL) BibRef

Liu, W.Y., Dori, D.,
Incremental Arc Segmentation Algorithm and Its Evaluation,
PAMI(20), No. 4, April 1998, pp. 424-431.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9806
BibRef

Zhai, J.[Jian], Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin], Dori, D., Li, Q.[Qing],
A line drawings degradation model for performance characterization,
ICDAR03(1020-1024).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Liu, W.Y., Dori, D.,
A Protocol for Performance Evaluation of Line Detection Algorithms,
MVA(9), No. 5-6, 1997, pp. 240-250.
HTML Version. 9705
BibRef

Fränti, P., Ageenko, E.I., Kolesnikov, A.,
Vectorising and Feature-Based Filtering for Line-Drawing Image Compression,
PAA(2), No. 4, 1999, pp. 285-291. 9911
BibRef

Kolesnikov, A.[Alexander], Fränti, P.[Pasi],
Data reduction of large vector graphics,
PR(38), No. 3, March 2005, pp. 381-394.
WWW Version. 0412
See also Compression of map images for real-time applications. See also Lossless Compression of Map Contours by Context Tree Modeling of Chain Codes. BibRef

Phillips, I.T.[Ihsin T.], Chhabra, A.K.[Atul K.],
Empirical Performance Evaluation of Graphics Recognition Systems,
PAMI(21), No. 9, September 1999, pp. 849-870.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9909
Earlier: A2, A1:
A Benchmark for Graphics Recognition Systems,
EEMCV98(xx). BibRef
And: A2, A1: EEMTV98(xx) Compare vectorization packages. Test on I/Vector ( See also I/Vector (Vectory). ). VPstudio ( See also VPstudio. ). MDUS ( See also Automated CAD Conversion with the Machine Drawing Understanding System. ). BibRef

Song, J.[Jiqiang], Su, F.[Feng], Chen, J.B.[Ji-Bing], Cai, S.[Shijie],
A Knowledge-Aided Line Network Oriented Vectorisation Method for Engineering Drawings,
PAA(3), No. 2, 2000, pp. 132-141. 0010
BibRef

Song, J.[Jiqiang], Su, F.[Feng], Tai, C.L.[Chiew-Lan], Cai, S.[Shijie],
An Object-Oriented Progressive-Simplification-Based Vectorization System for Engineering Drawings: Model, Algorithm, and Performance,
PAMI(24), No. 8, August 2002, pp. 1048-1060.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0208
BibRef

Song, J.[Jiqiang], Su, F.[Feng], Chen, J.B.[Ji-Bing], Tai, C.L.[Chiew-Lan], Cai, S.[Shijie],
Line Net Global Vectorization: An Algorithm and its Performance Evaluation,
CVPR00(I: 383-388).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0005
BibRef

I/Vector (Vectory),
1999. Product information. Raster to vector conversion software.
WWW Version. or
WWW Version. Vendor, Vectorization.

VextraSoft,
2000. Raster to vector conversion software.
WWW Version. Vendor, Vectorization.

VPstudio,
1999 Product information. Raster to vector conversion software.
WWW Version. or
WWW Version. Vendor, Vectorization.

Bodansky, E.[Eugene], Pilouk, M.[Morakot],
Using local deviations of vectorization to enhance the performance of raster-to-vector conversion systems,
IJDAR(3), No. 2, 2000, pp. 67-72. 0101
BibRef

Chen, K.Z.[Ke-Zhang], Zhang, X.W.[Xi-Wen], Ou, Z.Y.[Zong-Ying], Feng, X.A.[Xin-An],
Recognition of digital curves scanned from paper drawings using genetic algorithms,
PR(36), No. 1, January 2003, pp. 123-130.
WWW Version. 0210
BibRef

Hilaire, X., Tombre, K.,
Robust and Accurate Vectorization of Line Drawings,
PAMI(28), No. 6, June 2006, pp. 890-904.
IEEE DOI Link 0605
Separate into layers based on thickness, form skeletons of layers. BibRef

Hilaire, X.,
A matching scheme to enhance performance evaluation of raster-to-vector conversion algorithms,
ICDAR03(629-633).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Tombre, K., Tabbone, S.A.,
Vectorization in Graphics Recognition: To Thin or Not to Thin,
ICPR00(Vol II: 91-96).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
Survey, Vectorication. BibRef

AlgoLab,
2007. Product information. Raster to vector conversion software.
WWW Version. Vendor, Vectorization.

DWG Tool,
2007. Raster to vector conversion software.
WWW Version. Vendor, Vectorization. Downloadable software.

Sivignon, I.[Isabelle], Dupont, F.[Florent], Chassery, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Reversible vectorisation of 3D digital planar curves and applications,
IVC(25), No. 10, 1 October 2007, pp. 1644-1656.
WWW Version. 0709
Discrete polygon; 3D; Vectorisation; Modelling BibRef

Koyama, K.[Kazuhiro], Tomizawa, Y.[Yoshiaki], Okada, M.[Minoru],
Vectorization and Precise Refractions in Beam Tracing,
IJIG(4), No. 2, April 2004, pp. 325-339. 0404
BibRef

Huang, W., Liu, R., Tan, C.L.,
Extraction of Vectorized Graphical Information from Scientific Chart Images,
ICDAR07(521-525).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Bodansky, E.[Eugene], Gribov, A.[Alexander],
Approximation of a Polyline with a Sequence of Geometric Primitives,
ICIAR06(II: 468-478).
Springer DOI Link 0610
BibRef

Gribov, A.[Alexander], Bodansky, E.[Eugene],
Reconstruction of Orthogonal Polygonal Lines,
DAS06(462-473).
Springer DOI Link 0602
BibRef

Zhou, Y.P.[Yan-Ping], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Coordinate systems reconstruction for graphical documents by hough-feature clustering and geometric analysis,
ICPR04(I: 376-379).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Huang, W.H.[Wei-Hua], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Leow, W.K.[Wee Kheng],
Elliptic arc vectorization for 3d pie chart recognition,
ICIP04(V: 2889-2892).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Gribov, A., Bodansky, E.,
Vectorization with the voronoi L-diagram,
ICDAR03(1015-1019).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Cho, S.B.[Sung-Bae], Choy, Y.C.[Yoon-Chul], Lee, K.H.[Kyong-Ho],
A Knowledge-Based Automated Vectorizing System for Geographic Information System,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1546-1548).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Joung, H.[Hwayong], Wong, E.K., Chen, Y.[Yu], Kim, S.P.,
Document image compression using straight line extraction and block context model,
ICIP98(I: 530-534).
IEEE DOI Link 9810
BibRef

Arias, J.F., Chhabra, A., Misra, V.,
Finding Straight Lines in Drawings,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
BibRef

Luo, H., Kasturi, R., Arias, J.F., Chhabra, A.,
Interpretation of Lines in Distributing Frame Drawings,
ICDAR97(Mo-2C) 9708
BibRef

Tanigawa, S., Hori, O., Shimotsuji, S.,
Precise line detection from an engineering drawing using a figure fitting method based on contours and skeletons,
ICPR94(B:356-360).
IEEE DOI Link 9410
BibRef

Jennings, C., Parker, J.R.,
Vision knowledge vectorization: converting raster images into vector form,
ICPR94(A:311-315).
IEEE DOI Link 9410
BibRef

Babaguchi, N., Tanaka, K., Kitahashi, T.,
Generating of sketch map drawing from vectorized image,
ICIP94(III: 207-211).
IEEE DOI Link 9411
BibRef

Pizano, A.,
Extracting line features from images of business forms and tables,
ICPR92(III:399-403).
IEEE DOI Link 9208
BibRef

Hori, O., Okazaki, A.,
High Quality Vectorization based on a Generic Object Model,
SDIA92(xx-yy). 0905
BibRef

Suzuki, S., Ueda, N.,
Robust vectorization using graph-based thinning and reliability-based line approximation,
CVPR91(494-500).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403
BibRef

Suzuki, S.,
Graph-Based Vectorization Method for Line Patterns,
CVPR88(616-621).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 8800

Chapter on Edge Detection and Analysis, Lines, Segments, Curves, Corners, Hough Transform continues in
General Systems for Lines and Curves .