16.7.3.2 Detecting Anomalies, Abnormal Event, Abnormal Behavior, or Rare Events

Scarth, G.B.[Gordon B.], Somorjai, R.L.,
Method and apparatus for detection of events or novelties over a change of state,
US_Patent6,064,770, May 16, 2000
WWW Version. BibRef 0005

Han, S.J.[Sang-Jun], Cho, S.B.[Sung-Bae],
Evolutionary neural networks for anomaly detection based on the behavior of a program,
SMC-B(36), No. 3, June 2006, pp. 559-570.
IEEE DOI Link 0606
Really other kinds of anomalies. BibRef

Hu, W.M.[Wei-Ming], Xiao, X.J.[Xue-Juan], Fu, Z.Y.[Zhou-Yu], Xie, D., Tan, T.N.[Tie-Niu], Maybank, S.J.[Steve J.],
A System for Learning Statistical Motion Patterns,
PAMI(28), No. 9, September 2006, pp. 1450-1464.
IEEE DOI Link 0608
Learn patterns for anomaly detection and prediction of behaviors. Track, then learn patterns of trajectories. Detect anomalies. Some comparisons with others: See also Learning the Distribution of Object Trajectories for Event Recognition. See also Learning Spatio-temporal Patterns for Predicting Object Behaviour. See also Learning Semantic Scene Models From Observing Activity in Visual Surveillance. See also Multi feature path modeling for video surveillance. (these do not use probability distributions on the motion patterns) See also Learning Patterns of Activity Using Real-Time Tracking. See also Application of the Self-Organizing Map to Trajectory Classification. See also Utilizing Learned Motion Patterns to Robustly Track Persons. BibRef

Markou, M.[Markos], Singh, S.[Sameer],
A Neural Network-Based Novelty Detector for Image Sequence Analysis,
PAMI(28), No. 10, October 2006, pp. 1664-1677.
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Laur, P.A.[Pierre-Alain], Nock, R.[Richard], Symphor, J.E.[Jean-Emile], Poncelet, P.[Pascal],
Mining evolving data streams for frequent patterns,
PR(40), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 492-503.
WWW Version. 0611
Data streams; Concentration inequalities; Precision; Recall; Accuracy BibRef

Nock, R.[Richard], Laur, P.A.[Pierre-Alain], Symphor, J.E.[Jean-Emile],
Statistical Borders for Incremental Mining,
ICPR06(III: 212-215).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Huang, Y.[Yan], Pei, J.[Jian], Xiong, H.[Hui],
Mining Co-Location Patterns with Rare Events from Spatial Data Sets,
GeoInfo(10), No. 3, September 2006, pp. 239-260.
Springer DOI Link 0703
BibRef

Boiman, O.[Oren], Irani, M.[Michal],
Detecting Irregularities in Images and in Video,
IJCV(74), No. 1, August 2007, pp. 17-31.
Springer DOI Link 0705
BibRef ICCV05(I: 462-469).
IEEE DOI Link 0510
Award, Marr Prize, HM. Irregular defined in context. BibRef

Adam, A.[Amit], Rivlin, E.[Ehud], Shimshoni, I.[Ilan], Reinitz, D.[Daviv],
Robust Real-Time Unusual Event Detection using Multiple Fixed-Location Monitors,
PAMI(30), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 555-560.
IEEE DOI Link 0801
Multiple local monitors which collect low-level statistics, each issues an alert which are integrated to the result. BibRef

Xiang, T.[Tao], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang],
Video Behavior Profiling for Anomaly Detection,
PAMI(30), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 893-908.
IEEE DOI Link 0803
BibRef
Earlier:
Optimal Dynamic Graphs for Video Content Analysis,
BMVC06(I:177).
PDF Version. 0609
BibRef
Earlier:
Online Video Behaviour Abnormality Detection Using Reliability Measure,
BMVC05(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0509
BibRef
Earlier:
Activity Based Video Content Trajectory Representation and Segmentation,
BMVC04(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0508
group behaviors through learning. Find anomalies. BibRef

Li, J., Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang], Xiang, T.[Tao],
Global Behaviour Inference using Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis,
BMVC08(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 0809
BibRef

Xiang, T.[Tao], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang],
Incremental and adaptive abnormal behaviour detection,
CVIU(111), No. 1, July 2008, pp. 59-73.
WWW Version. 0711
Behaviour analysis and recognition; Visual surveillance; Abnormality detection; Incremental learning; Likelihood ratio test; Dynamic scene modelling; Dynamic Bayesian networks BibRef

Xiang, T.[Tao], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang], Parkinson, D.,
Autonomous Visual Events Detection and Classification without Explicit Object-Centred Segmentation and Tracking,
BMVC02(Poster Session). 0208
BibRef

Pruteanu-Malinici, I.[Iulian], Carin, L.[Lawrence],
Infinite Hidden Markov Models for Unusual-Event Detection in Video,
IP(17), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 811-822.
IEEE DOI Link 0804
BibRef
Earlier:
Infinite Hidden Markov Models and ISA Features for Unusual-Event Detection in Video,
ICIP07(V: 137-140).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Sudo, K.[Kyoko], Osawa, T.[Tatsuya], Wakabayashi, K.[Kaoru], Koike, H.[Hideki], Arakawa, K.[Kenichi],
Estimating Anomality of the Video Sequences for Surveillance Using 1-Class SVM,
IEICE(E91-D), No. 7, July 2008, pp. 1929-1936.
WWW Version. 0807
BibRef

Jager, M., Knoll, C., Hamprecht, F.A.,
Weakly Supervised Learning of a Classifier for Unusual Event Detection,
IP(17), No. 9, September 2008, pp. 1700-1708.
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Tziakos, I.[Ioannis], Cavallaro, A.[Andrea], Xu, L.Q.[Li-Qun],
Video event segmentation and visualisation in non-linear subspace,
PRL(30), No. 2, 15 January 2009, pp. 123-131,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0804
Unusual event detection; Dimensionality reduction; Laplacian eigenmaps BibRef

Singh, S., Tu, H., Donat, W., Pattipati, K., Willett, P.,
Anomaly Detection via Feature-Aided Tracking and Hidden Markov Models,
SMC-A(39), No. 1, January 2009, pp. 144-159.
IEEE DOI Link 0901
BibRef

Monachino, C.A.[Cheryl A.], Paradis, R.D.[Rosemary D.],
Scene analysis surveillance system,
US_Patent7,310,442, Dec 18, 2007
WWW Version. BibRef 0712

Silva, J.[Jorge], Willett, R.M.[Rebecca M.],
Hypergraph-Based Anomaly Detection of High-Dimensional Co-Occurrences,
PAMI(31), No. 3, March 2009, pp. 563-569.
IEEE DOI Link 0902
Small training set. Find anomalies. Applied to non-image tasks. BibRef

Piciarelli, C.[Claudio], Micheloni, C.[Christian], Foresti, G.L.[Gian Luca],
Trajectory-Based Anomalous Event Detection,
CirSysVideo(18), No. 11, November 2008, pp. 1544-1554.
IEEE DOI Link 0811
BibRef
And:
Anomalous trajectory patterns detection,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef
And:
Support vector machines for robust trajectory clustering,
ICIP08(2540-2543).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef
Earlier:
An Autonomous Surveillance Vehicle for People Tracking,
CIAP05(1140-1147).
Springer DOI Link 0509
See also Detecting moving people in video streams. BibRef

Rao, C.[Chinmay], Ray, A.[Asok], Sarkar, S.[Soumik], Yasar, M.[Murat],
Review and comparative evaluation of symbolic dynamic filtering for detection of anomaly patterns,
SIViP(3), No. 2, June 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0903
Deviation from nominal behavior. PR method, not applied directly to images. BibRef

Jiang, F.[Fan], Wu, Y.[Ying], Katsaggelos, A.K.[Aggelos K.],
A Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering Method for Trajectory-Based Unusual Video Event Detection,
IP(18), No. 4, April 2009, pp. 907-913.
IEEE DOI Link 0903
BibRef
Earlier:
Abnormal Event Detection from Surveillance Video by Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering,
ICIP07(V: 145-148).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Yuan, J.S.[Jun-Song], Liu, Z.C.[Zi-Cheng], Wu, Y.[Ying],
Discriminative subvolume search for efficient action detection,
CVPR09(2442-2449).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Dong, Q., Wu, Y., Hu, Z.,
Pointwise Motion Image (PMI): A Novel Motion Representation and Its Applications to Abnormality Detection and Behavior Recognition,
CirSysVideo(19), No. 3, March 2009, pp. 407-416.
IEEE DOI Link 0903
BibRef

Khalid, S.[Shehzad],
Motion-based behaviour learning, profiling and classification in the presence of anomalies,
PR(43), No. 1, January 2010, pp. 173-186,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0909
Object trajectory; Dimensionality reduction; Trajectory modelling; Trajectory clustering; Event mining; Anomaly detection; Motion recognition BibRef

Zutis, K.[Krists], Hoey, J.[Jesse],
Who's Counting? Real-Time Blackjack Monitoring for Card Counting Detection,
CVS09(354-363).
Springer DOI Link 0910
Detect anomalous playing patterns. BibRef

Ivanov, I.[Ivan], Dufaux, F.[Frederic], Ha, T.M.[Thien M.], Ebrahimi, T.[Touradj],
Towards Generic Detection of Unusual Events in Video Surveillance,
AVSBS09(61-66).
IEEE DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Mehran, R.[Ramin], Oyama, A.[Alexis], Shah, M.[Mubarak],
Abnormal crowd behavior detection using social force model,
CVPR09(935-942).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Kim, J.[Jaechul], Grauman, K.[Kristen],
Observe locally, infer globally: A space-time MRF for detecting abnormal activities with incremental updates,
CVPR09(2921-2928).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Benezeth, Y., Jodoin, P.M., Saligrama, V., Rosenberger, C.,
Abnormal events detection based on spatio-temporal co-occurences,
CVPR09(2458-2465).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Roberts, R.[Richard], Potthast, C.[Christian], Dellaert, F.[Frank],
Learning general optical flow subspaces for egomotion estimation and detection of motion anomalies,
CVPR09(57-64).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Yu, T.H.[Tsz-Ho], Moon, Y.S.[Yiu-Sang],
Unsupervised Real-Time Unusual Behavior Detection for Biometric-Assisted Visual Surveillance,
ICB09(1019-1029).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Yin, J.[Jun], Meng, Y.[Yan],
Abnormal Behavior Recognition Using Self-Adaptive Hidden Markov Models,
ICIAR09(337-346).
Springer DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Choudhary, A.[Ayesha], Pal, M.[Manish], Banerjee, S.[Subhashis], Chaudhury, S.[Santanu],
Unusual Activity Analysis Using Video Epitomes and pLSA,
ICCVGIP08(390-397).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Reif, M.[Matthias], Goldstein, M.[Markus], Stahl, A.[Armin], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Anomaly detection by combining decision trees and parametric densities,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Iwai, Y.[Yoshio],
A Framework for Suspicious Action Detection with Mixture Distributions of Action Primitives,
PSIVT09(519-530).
Springer DOI Link 0901
BibRef

Zhou, J.Q.A.[Jun-Qi-Ang], Ntafos, S.[Simeon], Prabhakaran, B.[Balakrishnan],
Fault Detection Framework for Video Surveillance Systems,
AVSBS08(219-226).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Zou, X.T.[Xiao-Tao], Bhanu, B.[Bir],
Anomalous activity classification in the distributed camera network,
ICIP08(781-784).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Ermis, E.B.[Erhan Baki], Saligrama, V.[Venkatesh], Jodoin, P.M.[Pierre-Marc], Konrad, J.[Janusz],
Motion segmentation and abnormal behavior detection via behavior clustering,
ICIP08(769-772).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef
And:
Abnormal behavior detection and behavior matching for networked cameras,
ICDSC08(1-10).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Goshorn, R.[Rachel], Goshorn, D.[Deborah], Goshorn, J.[Joshua], Goshorn, L.[Lawrence],
Abnormal behavior-detection using sequential syntactical classification in a network of clustered cameras,
ICDSC08(1-10).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Goshorn, R.[Rachel], Goshorn, J.[Joshua], Goshorn, D.[Deborah], Aghajan, H.,
Architecture for Cluster-Based Automated Surveillance Network for Detecting and Tracking Multiple Persons,
ICDSC07(219-226).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Loy, C.C.[Chen Change], Xiang, T.[Tao], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang],
Multi-camera activity correlation analysis,
CVPR09(1988-1995).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef
Earlier:
From local temporal correlation to global anomaly detection,
MLMotion08(xx-yy). 0810
BibRef

Zelniker, E.E.[Emanuel E.], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang], Xiang, T.[Tao],
Global Abnormal Behaviour Detection Using a Network of CCTV Cameras,
VS08(xx-yy). 0810
BibRef

Cardinaux, F.[Fabien], Brownsell, S.[Simon], Hawley, M.[Mark], Bradley, D.[David],
Modelling of Behavioural Patterns for Abnormality Detection in the Context of Lifestyle Reassurance,
CIARP08(243-25).
Springer DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Russell, D.M.[David M.], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang],
Multi-layered Decomposition of Recurrent Scenes,
ECCV08(III: 574-587).
Springer DOI Link 0810
BibRef
Earlier:
Exploiting Periodicity in Recurrent Scenes,
BMVC08(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 0809
E.g. road intersections. BibRef

Sillito, R.R., Fisher, R.B.,
Semi-supervised Learning for Anomalous Trajectory Detection,
BMVC08(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 0809
BibRef

Basharat, A.[Arslan], Gritai, A.[Alexei], Shah, M.[Mubarak],
Learning object motion patterns for anomaly detection and improved object detection,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Dickinson, P.[Patrick], Hunter, A.[Andrew],
Using Inactivity to Detect Unusual behavior,
Motion08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0801
BibRef

Pritch, Y.[Yael], Rav-Acha, A.[Alex], Gutman, A.[Avital], Peleg, S.[Shmuel],
Webcam Synopsis: Peeking Around the World,
ICCV07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0710
A short version that contains only those parts where something happens. Generate the action based description. BibRef

Reulke, R.[Ralf], Meysel, F.[Frederik], Bauer, S.[Sascha],
Situation Analysis and Atypical Event Detection with Multiple Cameras and Multi-Object Tracking,
RobVis08(234-247).
Springer DOI Link 0802
BibRef

Saglam, A.[Ali], Temizel, A.[Alptekin],
Real-Time Adaptive Camera Tamper Detection for Video Surveillance,
AVSBS09(430-435).
IEEE DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Aksay, A.[Anil], Temizel, A.[Alptekin], Cetin, A.E.[A. Enis],
Camera Tamper Detection Using Wavelet Analysis for Video Surveillance,
AVSBS07(558-562).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Izo, T.[Tomas], Grimson, W.E.L.[W. Eric L.],
Unsupervised Modeling of Object Tracks for Fast Anomaly Detection,
ICIP07(IV: 529-532).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Irani, M.[Michal],
Seeing the Invisible and Predicting the Unexpected,
IbPRIA07(I: 7-8).
Springer DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Salas, J.[Joaquin], Jimenez-Hernandez, H.[Hugo], Gonzalez-Barbosa, J.J.[Jose-Joel], Hurtado-Ramos, J.B.[Juan B.], Canchola, S.[Sandra],
A Double Layer Background Model to Detect Unusual Events,
ACIVS07(406-416).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Cui, P.[Peng], Sun, L.F.[Li-Feng], Liu, Z.Q.A.[Zhi-Qi-Ang], Yang, S.Q.A.[Shi-Qi-Ang],
A Sequential Monte Carlo Approach to Anomaly Detection in Tracking Visual Events,
VS07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

O'Callaghan, R.[Robert], Haga, T.[Tetsuji],
Robust Change-Detection by Normalised Gradient-Correlation,
VS07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Lin, D.T.[Daw-Tung], Liu, M.J.[Ming-Ju],
Face Occlusion Detection for Automated Teller Machine Surveillance,
PSIVT06(641-651).
Springer DOI Link 0612
BibRef

Branzan Albu, A.[Alexandra], Beugeling, T.[Trevor], Virji-Babul, N.[Naznin], Beach, C.[Cheryl],
Analysis of Irregularities in Human Actions with Volumetric Motion History Images,
Motion07(16-16).
IEEE DOI Link 0702
BibRef

Gaucel, J.M.[Jean-Michel], Guillaume, M.[Mireille], Bourennane, S.[Salah],
Non Orthogonal Component Analysis: Application to Anomaly Detection,
ACIVS06(1198-1209).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Au, C.E.[Carmen E.], Skaff, S.[Sandra], Clark, J.J.[James J.],
Anomaly Detection for Video Surveillance Applications,
ICPR06(IV: 888-891).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Zhou, H.N.[Han-Ning], Kimber, D.[Don],
Unusual Event Detection via Multi-camera Video Mining,
ICPR06(III: 1161-1166).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Yu, E.[Elden], Aggarwal, J.K.,
Human action recognition with extremities as semantic posture representation,
SLAM09(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Yu, E.[Elden], Aggarwal, J.K.,
Detection of stable contacts for human motion analysis,
VSSN06(87-94).
WWW Version. 0701
BibRef
And:
Detection of Fence Climbing from Monocular Video,
ICPR06(I: 375-378).
WWW Version. 0609
extended star-skeleton representation, stable contacts are formed by stationary extreme points. BibRef

Wang, D.[Dong], Li, J.M.[Jian-Min], Zhang, B.[Bo],
Relay Boost Fusion for Learning Rare Concepts in Multimedia,
CIVR06(271-280).
Springer DOI Link 0607
BibRef

Itti, L.[Laurent], Baldi, P.[Pierre],
A Principled Approach to Detecting Surprising Events in Video,
CVPR05(I: 631-637).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Zhong, H.[Hua], Shi, J.B.[Jian-Bo], Visontai, M.,
Detecting unusual activity in video,
CVPR04(II: 819-826).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0408
BibRef

Dee, H.M., Hogg, D.C.,
On the feasibility of using a cognitive model to filter surveillance data,
AVSBS05(34-39).
IEEE DOI Link 0602
BibRef
Earlier:
Detecting inexplicable behaviour,
BMVC04(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0508
BibRef

Chan, M.T.[Michael T.], Hoogs, A.J.[Anthony J.], Bhotika, R.[Rahul], Perera, A.[Amitha], Schmiederer, J.[John], Doretto, G.[Gianfranco],
Joint Recognition of Complex Events and Track Matching,
CVPR06(II: 1615-1622).
IEEE DOI Link 0606
BibRef

Chan, M.T.[Michael T.], Hoogs, A.J.[Anthony J.], Sun, Z.H.[Zhao-Hui], Schmiederer, J.[John], Bhotika, R.[Rahul], Doretto, G.[Gianfranco],
Event Recognition with Fragmented Object Tracks,
ICPR06(I: 412-416).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Chan, M.T.[Michael T.], Hoogs, A.J.[Anthony J.], Schmiederer, J.[John], Petersen, M.,
Detecting rare events in video using semantic primitives with HMM,
ICPR04(IV: 150-154).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Zhong, H., Shi, J.,
Finding (Un)Usual Events in Video,
CMU-RI-TR-03-05, May, 2003.
HTML Version. 0306
BibRef

Mori, H., Ishiguro, H., Kotani, S., Yasutomi, S., Chino, Y.,
A mobile robot strategy applied to Harunobu-4,
ICPR88(I: 525-530).
IEEE DOI Link 8811
Apply analysis of stereotypical patterns of motion. BibRef

Chapter on Motion -- Feature-Based, Long Range, Motion and Structure Estimates, Tracking, Surveillance, Activities continues in
Human Motion Understanding and Analysis .