18.3.4.1 Background Detection, Background Model

Mukawa, N., Kuroda, H.,
Uncovered Background Prediction in Interframe Coding,
Commun(33), 1985, pp. 1227-1231. See also Interframe Coding System for Video Teleconferencing Signal Transmission at a 1.5 Mbit/S Rate, An. BibRef 8500

Morton, R.R.A.[Roger R. A.], Lewis, S.[Scott],
Forward look ahead techniques for tracking background and noise levels in scanned video images,
US_Patent4,853,795, Aug 1, 1989
WWW Version. BibRef 8908

Long, W., Yang, Y.H.,
Stationary Background Generation: An Alternative to the Difference of Two Images,
PR(23), No. 12, 1990, pp. 1351-1359.
WWW Version. BibRef 9000

Yang, Y.H., Levine, M.D.,
The Background Primal Sketch: An Approach for Tracking Moving Objects,
MVA(5), 1992, pp. 17-34. BibRef 9200

Lettera, C., Masera, L.,
Foreground/background segmentation in videotelephony,
SP:IC(1), No. 2, October 1990, pp. 181-189.
WWW Version. 0001
BibRef

Thoma, R.[Robert], Bierling, M.[Matthias],
Motion compensating interpolation considering covered and uncovered background,
SP:IC(1), No. 2, October 1990, pp. 191-212.
WWW Version. 0001
Motion compensating interpolation; digital television sequences; low bit rate codec; hierarchical blockmatching; change detection; segmentation BibRef

Toyama, M.[Masakazu], Hamba, N.[Nobuhiro],
Apparatus for measuring the dynamic state of traffic,
US_Patent5,301,239, 02/03/1992.
HTML Version. Compare to reference image. BibRef 9202

Elnagar, A., Basu, A.,
Motion Detection Using Background Constraints,
PR(28), No. 10, October 1995, pp. 1537-1554.
WWW Version. BibRef 9510

Neri, A., Colonnese, S., Russo, G., Talone, P.,
Automatic Moving Object and Background Separation,
SP(66), No. 2, April 1998, pp. 219-232. 9807
BibRef

Khosravi, M.[Mehdi], Moed, M.C.[Michael C.], Crabtree, R.N.[Ralph N.], Perez-Jacome, J.E.[Jorge E.],
System and method for multi-resolution background adaptation,
US_Patent6,061,088, May 9, 2000
WWW Version. BibRef 0005

Crabtree, R.N.[Ralph N.], Moed, M.C.[Michael C.], Khosravi, M.[Mehdi],
System and method for matching image information to object model information,
US_Patent6,185,314, Feb 6, 2001
WWW Version. BibRef 0102
And:
System and method for tracking movement of objects in a scene using correspondence graphs,
US_Patent6,295,367, Sep 25, 2001
WWW Version. BibRef

Sullivan, J., Blake, A., Isard, M., MacCormick, J.P.,
Bayesian Object Localisation in Images,
IJCV(44), No. 2, September 2001, pp. 111-135.
WWW Version. 0110
BibRef
Earlier:
Object Localization by Bayesian Correlation,
ICCV99(1068-1075).
IEEE DOI Link Model both foreground (the object) and the background. Apply a bank of (approximately) independent filters, learn background/foreground distributions. BibRef

Sullivan, J., Blake, A., Rittscher, J.,
Statistical Foreground Modelling for Object Localisation,
ECCV00(II: 307-323).
WWW Version. 0003
BibRef

Rittscher, J., Kato, J., Joga, S., Blake, A.,
A Probabilistic Background Model for Tracking,
ECCV00(II: 336-350).
WWW Version. 0003
BibRef

Durucan, E., Ebrahimi, T.,
Change detection and background extraction by linear algebra,
PIEEE(89), No. 10, October 2001, pp. 1368-1381.
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 0110

Durucan, E., Ebrahimi, T.,
Moving object detection between multiple and color images,
AVSBS03(243-251).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310
BibRef

Durucan, E., Snoeckx, J., Weilenmann, Y.,
Illumination invariant background extraction,
CIAP99(1136-1139).
IEEE DOI Link 9909
BibRef

Cavallaro, A., and Ebrahimi, T.,
Accurate video object segmentation through change detection,
ICME02(I: 445-448). BibRef 0200

Ren, Y.[Ying], Chua, C.S.[Chin-Seng], Ho, Y.K.[Yeong-Khing],
Statistical background modeling for non-stationary camera,
PRL(24), No. 1-3, January 2003, pp. 183-196.
HTML Version. 0211
BibRef

Herrero-Jaraba, E.[Elías], Orrite-Uruñuela, C.[Carlos], Senar, J.[Jesús],
Detected motion classification with a double-background and a Neighborhood-based difference,
PRL(24), No. 12, August 2003, pp. 2079-2092.
WWW Version. 0304
BibRef

Dumitras, A., Haskell, B.G.,
An Encoder-Decoder Texture Replacement Method With Application to Content-Based Movie Coding,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 6, June 2004, pp. 825-840.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0407
BibRef
Earlier:
A background modeling method by texture replacement and mapping with application to content-based movie coding,
ICIP02(I: 65-68).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210
BibRef

Cho, J.H.[Ju-Hyun], Kim, S.D.[Seong-Dae],
Object detection using multi-resolution mosaic in image sequences,
SP:IC(20), No. 3, March 2005, pp. 233-253.
WWW Version. 0501
BibRef

Lee, C.N.[Cheoung N.], Samaddar, S.[Sumitro],
Background recovery in monocular vision,
US_Patent5,684,887, Nov 4, 1997
WWW Version. BibRef 9711

Brady, M.J.[Mark J.], Cerny, D.G.[Darin G.],
Method and apparatus for background determination and subtraction for a monocular vision system,
US_Patent5,684,898, Nov 4, 1997
WWW Version. BibRef 9711

Chang, G.H.[Gyu-Hwan], Jung, H.M.[Hae-Mook], Kim, S.D.[Seong-Dae], Choi, J.G.[Jae-Gark], Lee, S.W.[Si-Woong], Cho, S.J.[Soon-Jae],
Method for segmenting and estimating a moving object motion using a hierarchy of motion models,
US_Patent5,734,737, Mar 31, 1998
WWW Version. Frame difference, region segmentation. BibRef 9803

Cooper, F.J.[Frederick J.], Skarbo, R.A.[Rune A.],
Method of presence detection using video input,
US_Patent5,892,856, Apr 6, 1999
WWW Version. BibRef 9904

Smoot, L.S.[Lanny Starkes],
Background extraction in a video picture,
US_Patent5,940,139, Aug 17, 1999
WWW Version. BibRef 9908

Mertens, M.J.W.[Mark Jozef Willem], de Haan, G.[Gerard],
Foreground/background detector,
US_Patent6,771,799, Aug 3, 2004
WWW Version. BibRef 0408

Hillman, P., Hannah, J., Renshaw, D.,
Semi-automatic foreground/background segmentation of motion picture images and image sequences,
VISP(152), No. 4, August 2005, pp. 387-397.
WWW Version. 0512
BibRef
Earlier:
Alpha Channel Estimation in High Resolution Images and Image Sequences,
CVPR01(I:1063-1068).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0110
Segment actor from background. BibRef

Butler, D.E.[Darren E.], Bove, Jr., V.M.[V. Michael], Sridharan, S.[Sridha],
Real-Time Adaptive Foreground/Background Segmentation,
JASP(2005), No. 14, 2005, pp. 2292-2304.
WWW Version. 0603
BibRef

Pless, R.[Robert],
Spatio-temporal Background Models for Outdoor Surveillance,
JASP(2005), No. 14, 2005, pp. 2281-2291.
WWW Version.
PDF Version. 0603
BibRef

Pless, R., Larson, J., Siebers, S., Westover, B.,
Evaluation of local models of dynamic backgrounds,
CVPR03(II: 73-78).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0307
BibRef

Heikkilä, M.[Marko], Pietikäinen, M.[Matti],
A Texture-Based Method for Modeling the Background and Detecting Moving Objects,
PAMI(28), No. 4, April 2006, pp. 657-662.
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Heikkila, M., Pietikainen, M., Heikkila, J.,
A Texture-based Method for Detecting Moving Objects,
BMVC04(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0508
BibRef

Kolmogorov, V.[Vladimir], Criminisi, A.[Antonio], Blake, A.[Andrew], Cross, G.[Geoffrey], Rother, C.[Carsten],
Probabilistic Fusion of Stereo with Color and Contrast for Bi-Layer Segmentation,
IJCV(76), No. 2, February 2008, pp. 107.
Springer DOI Link 0801
Part of the CVPR 2005 Award Issue. BibRef
And: PAMI(28), No. 9, September 2006, pp. 1480-1492.
IEEE DOI Link 0608
BibRef
Earlier: CVPR05(II: 407-414).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
Award, CVPR. BibRef
And:
Bi-Layer Segmentation of Binocular Stereo Video,
CVPR05(II: 1186).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
Real-time segmentation of foreground/background in stereo video. Two different sets, fuse stereo match with color to get layers, fuse color with stereo hypotheses. BibRef

Wang, Y.[Yi],
Implementation of Bilayer Segmentation of Live Video,
OnlineCaltech 2006.
WWW Version. Code, Motion Segmentation. See also Probabilistic Fusion of Stereo with Color and Contrast for Bi-Layer Segmentation. BibRef 0600

Yin, P.[Pei], Criminisi, A.[Antonio], Winn, J.[John], Essa, I.A.[Irfan A.],
Tree-based Classifiers for Bilayer Video Segmentation,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Criminisi, A., Cross, G., Blake, A., Kolmogorov, V.[Vladimir],
Bilayer Segmentation of Live Video,
CVPR06(I: 53-60).
IEEE DOI Link 0606
BibRef

Colombari, A.[Andrea], Fusiello, A.[Andrea], Murino, V.[Vittorio],
Segmentation and tracking of multiple video objects,
PR(40), No. 4, April 2007, pp. 1307-1317.
WWW Version. 0701
BibRef
Earlier:
Background Initialization in Cluttered Sequences,
PercOrg06(197).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
Content-based representation; MPEG; Video coding; Video sequence analysis; Mosaicing; Motion segmentation BibRef

Colombari, A.[Andrea], Fusiello, A.[Andrea], Murino, V.[Vittorio],
Video Objects Segmentation by Robust Background Modeling,
CIAP07(155-164).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Colombari, A.[Andrea], Cristani, M.[Marco], Murino, V.[Vittorio], Fusiello, A.[Andrea],
Exemplar-based background model initialization,
VSSN05(29-36).
WWW Version. 0511
BibRef

Liu, Y.Z.[Ya-Zhou], Yao, H.X.[Hong-Xun], Gao, W.[Wen], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Zhao, D.B.[De-Bin],
Nonparametric background generation,
JVCIR(18), No. 3, June 2007, pp. 253-263.
WWW Version. 0711
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR06(IV: 916-919).
WWW Version. 0609
Background subtraction; Background generation; Mean shift; Effect components description; Most reliable background mode; Video surveillance BibRef

Manzanera, A.[Antoine], Richefeu, J.C.[Julien C.],
A new motion detection algorithm based on [Sigma]-[Delta] background estimation,
PRL(28), No. 3, 1 February 2007, pp. 320-328.
WWW Version. 0701
Motion detection; Background estimation; Recursive filtering BibRef

Manzanera, A.[Antoine],
Sigma-Delta Background Subtraction and the Zipf Law,
CIARP07(42-51).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Yalcin, H.[Hulya], Collins, R.[Robert], Hebert, M.[Martial],
Background Estimation under Rapid Gain Change in Thermal Imagery,
CVIU(106), No. 2-3, May-June 2007, pp. 148-161.
WWW Version. 0705
BibRef
Earlier: OTCBVS05(III: 12-12).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
Automatic gain control; Thermal sensors; Airborne video imagery Moving ground vehicles. BibRef

Nanda, P.K.[Pradipta Kumar], Ghosh, A.[Asish], Kanungo, P.[Priyadarshi],
Classification of Objects and Background Using Parallel Genetic Algorithm Based Clustering,
ELCVIA(6), No. 3, 2007, pp. 42-53.
WWW Version. 0803
BibRef

Wang, W.Q.A.[Wei-Qi-Ang], Yang, J.[Jie], Gao, W.[Wen],
Modeling Background and Segmenting Moving Objects from Compressed Video,
CirSysVideo(18), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 670-681.
IEEE DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Wang, W.Q.A.[Wei-Qi-Ang], Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Gao, W.[Wen], Yang, J.[Jie],
Modeling background from compressed video,
PETS05(161-168).
IEEE DOI Link 0602
BibRef

Zhang, X.[Xiang], Yang, J.[Jie],
Moving object detection based on shape prediction,
JOSA-A(26), No. 2, February 2009, pp. 342-349.
WWW Version. 0902
BibRef

Ren, Y.[Ying], Chua, C.S.[Chin Seng], Ho, Y.K.[Yeong Khing],
Motion Detection From Time-varied Background,
IJIG(2), No. 2, April 2002, pp. 163-178. 0204
BibRef

Chen, L.H.[Liang-Hua], Lai, Y.C.[Yu-Chun], Liao, H.Y.M.[Hong-Yuan Mark],
Movie scene segmentation using background information,
PR(41), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 1056-1065.
WWW Version. 0711
BibRef
Earlier:
Video Scene Extraction Using Mosaic Technique,
ICPR06(IV: 723-726).
WWW Version. 0609
Video content analysis; Video segmentation; Shot clustering; Scene extraction BibRef

Buehler, C.J.[Christopher J.],
Method and apparatus for computerized image background analysis,
US_Patent7,221,775, May 22, 2007
WWW Version. BibRef 0705
And:
Method of counting objects in a monitored environment and apparatus for the same,
US_Patent7,346,187, Mar 18, 2008
WWW Version. BibRef
And: US_Patent7,394,852, Jul 1, 2008
WWW Version. BibRef

Jiang, H.[Hongtu], Owall, V., Ardo, H.[Hakan],
A Hardware Architecture for Real-Time Video Segmentation Utilizing Memory Reduction Techniques,
CirSysVideo(19), No. 2, February 2009, pp. 226-236.
IEEE DOI Link 0902
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
Real-Time Video Segmentation with VGA Resolution and Memory Bandwidth Reduction,
AVSBS06(104-104).
IEEE DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Kristensen, F.[Fredrik], Nilsson, P.[Peter], Öwall, V.[Viktor],
Background Segmentation Beyond RGB,
ACCV06(II:602-612).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Tavakkoli, A.[Alireza], Nicolescu, M.[Mircea], Bebis, G.N.[George N.], Nicolescu, M.[Monica],
Non-parametric statistical background modeling for efficient foreground region detection,
MVA(20), No. 6, October 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0910
BibRef
Earlier:
Efficient background modeling through incremental Support Vector Data Description,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Tavakkoli, A.[Alireza], Ambardekar, A.[Amol], Nicolescu, M.[Mircea], Louis, S.[Sushil],
A Genetic Approach to Training Support Vector Data Descriptors for Background Modeling in Video Data,
ISVC07(II: 318-327).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Tavakkoli, A.[Alireza], Nicolescu, M.[Mircea], Bebis, G.N.[George N.],
A Novelty Detection Approach for Foreground Region Detection in Videos with Quasi-stationary Backgrounds,
ISVC06(I: 40-49).
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef
And:
Automatic Statistical Object Detection for Visual Surveillance,
Southwest06(144-148).
IEEE DOI Link 0603
BibRef
And:
Robust Recursive Learning for Foreground Region Detection in Videos with Quasi-Stationary Backgrounds,
ICPR06(I: 315-318).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef
Earlier:
Automatic Robust Background Modeling Using Multivariate Non-parametric Kernel Density Estimation for Visual Surveillance,
ISVC05(363-370).
Springer DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Haque, M.[Mahfuzul], Murshed, M.[Manzur], Paul, M.[Manoranjan],
Improved Gaussian mixtures for robust object detection by adaptive multi-background generation,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Pham, V.Q.[Viet-Quoc], Takahashi, K.[Keita], Naemura, T.[Takeshi],
Live Video Segmentation in Dynamic Backgrounds Using Thermal Vision,
PSIVT09(143-154).
Springer DOI Link 0901
BibRef

Zhao, Y.D.[You-Dong], Gong, H.F.[Hai-Feng], Lin, L.[Liang], Jia, Y.D.[Yun-De],
Spatio-temporal patches for night background modeling by subspace learning,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Zhang, B.C.[Bao-Chang], Gao, Y.S.[Yong-Sheng], Zhong, B.N.[Bi-Neng],
Complex background modeling and motion detection based on Texture Pattern Flow,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Sinha, A.K.[Akhilesh K.], Guha, P.[Prithwijit], Mukerjee, A.[Amitabha],
Back to the future: Robust foreground extraction with reversed-time background modeling,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Rosell-Ortega, J., Andreu-Garcia, G., Rodas-Jorda, A., Atienza-Vanacloig, V.,
Background modelling in demanding situations with confidence measure,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Zhao, Y.J.[Yi-Jia], Casares, M.[Mauricio], Velipasalar, S.[Senem],
Continuous Background Update and Object Detection with Non-static Cameras,
AVSBS08(309-316).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Haque, M.[Mahfuzul], Murshed, M.[Manzur], Paul, M.[Manoranjan],
On Stable Dynamic Background Generation Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Models for Robust Object Detection,
AVSBS08(41-48).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
See also Commentary Paper 2 on On Stable Dynamic Background Generation Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Models for Robust Object Detection. See also Commentary Paper 1 on On Stable Dynamic Background Generation Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Models for Robust Object Detection. BibRef

Visentini, I.[Ingrid],
Commentary Paper 1 on 'On Stable Dynamic Background Generation Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Models for Robust Object Detection',
AVSBS08(49-49).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
See also On Stable Dynamic Background Generation Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Models for Robust Object Detection. BibRef

Sofka, M.[Michal],
Commentary Paper 2 on 'On Stable Dynamic Background Generation Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Models for Robust Object Detection',
AVSBS08(50-51).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
See also On Stable Dynamic Background Generation Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Models for Robust Object Detection. BibRef

Chen, C.C.[Chia-Chih], Aggarwal, J.K.,
An adaptive background model initialization algorithm with objects moving at different depths,
ICIP08(2664-2667).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Satpathy, A.[Amit], Eng, H.L.[How-Lung], Jiang, X.D.[Xu-Dong],
Difference of Gaussian Edge-Texture Based Background Modeling for Dynamic Traffic Conditions,
ISVC08(I: 406-417).
Springer DOI Link 0812
BibRef

El Baf, F.[Fida], Bouwmans, T.[Thierry], Vachon, B.[Bertrand],
Fuzzy statistical modeling of dynamic backgrounds for moving object detection in infrared videos,
OTCBVS09(60-65).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef
Earlier:
Type-2 Fuzzy Mixture of Gaussians Model: Application to Background Modeling,
ISVC08(I: 772-781).
Springer DOI Link 0812
BibRef
And:
Fuzzy foreground detection for infrared videos,
OTCBVS08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef
And:
A fuzzy approach for background subtraction,
ICIP08(2648-2651).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Krishna, R.[Radha], McCusker, K.[Kealan], O'Connor, N.E.[Noel E.],
Optimising resource allocation for background modeling using algorithm switching,
ICDSC08(1-7).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Valentine, B.[Brian], Choi, J.[Jee], Apewokin, S.[Senyo], Wills, L.[Linda], Wills, S.[Scott],
Bypassing BigBackground: An efficient hybrid background modeling algorithm for embedded video surveillance,
ICDSC08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Valentine, B., Apewokin, S., Wills, L., Wills, S., Gentile, A.,
Midground object detection in real world video scenes,
AVSBS07(517-522).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef
And: A2, A1, A3, A4, A5:
Multimodal Mean Adaptive Backgrounding for Embedded Real-Time Video Surveillance,
EmbedCV07(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Jodoin, P.M.[Pierre-Marc], Konrad, J.[Janusz], Saligrama, V.[Venkatesh],
Modeling background activity for behavior subtraction,
ICDSC08(1-10).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Paris, S.[Sylvain],
Edge-Preserving Smoothing and Mean-Shift Segmentation of Video Streams,
ECCV08(II: 460-473).
Springer DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Liuy, Y.X.[Yan-Xi], Belkina, T.[Tamara], Hays, J.H.[James H.], Lublinerman, R.[Roberto],
Image de-fencing,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
Translational symmetry for foreground/background separation. BibRef

Xu, X.[Xun], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
A Loopy Belief Propagation approach for robust background estimation,
CVPR08(1-7).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Hu, W.Z.[Wen-Ze], Wen, J.T.[Jian-Ting], Gong, H.F.[Hai-Feng], Wang, Y.T.[Yong-Tian],
An interactive scene annotation tool for video surveillance,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Hu, W.Z.[Wen-Ze], Gong, H.F.[Hai-Feng], Zhu, S.C.[Song-Chun], Wang, Y.T.[Yong-Tian],
An integrated background model for video surveillance based on primal sketch and 3D scene geometry,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Wu, Q.[Qiong], Boulanger, P.[Pierre], Bischof, W.F.[Walter F.],
Automatic bi-layer video segmentation based on sensor fusion,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef
And:
Robust Real-Time Bi-Layer Video Segmentation Using Infrared Video,
CRV08(87-94).
IEEE DOI Link 0805
BibRef

Crabb, R.[Ryan], Tracey, C.[Colin], Puranik, A.[Akshaya], Davis, J.[James],
Real-time foreground segmentation via range and color imaging,
TOF-CV08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Guerzhoy, M.[Michael], Zhou, H.[Hui],
Segmentation of Rectangular Objects Lying on an Unknown Background in a Small Preview Scan Image,
CRV08(369-375).
IEEE DOI Link 0805
BibRef

Varcheie, P.D.Z.[Parisa Darvish Zadeh], Sills-Lavoie, M.[Michael], Bilodeau, G.A.[Guillaume-Alexandre],
An Efficient Region-Based Background Subtraction Technique,
CRV08(71-78).
IEEE DOI Link 0805
BibRef

Monari, E.[Eduardo], Pasqual, C.[Charlotte],
Fusion of background estimation approaches for motion detection in non-static backgrounds,
AVSBS07(347-352).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Han, B.H.[Bo-Hyung], Jain, R.[Ramesh],
Real-Time Subspace-Based Background Modeling Using Multi-channel Data,
ISVC07(II: 162-172).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Nomura, N.[Naobumi], Kitahara, I.[Itaru], Kameda, Y.[Yoshinari], Ohta, Y.[Yuichi],
A Background Modeling Method with Simple Operations for 3D Video,
3DTV07(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0705
BibRef

Kim, H.S.[Han-Sung], Sakamoto, R.[Ryuuki], Kitahara, I.[Itaru], Toriyama, T.[Tomoji], Kogure, K.[Kiyoshi],
Robust Foreground Extraction Technique Using Gaussian Family Model and Multiple Thresholds,
ACCV07(I: 758-768).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Lee, W.W.[Won-Woo], Woo, W.T.[Woon-Tack], Boyer, E.[Edmond],
Identifying Foreground from Multiple Images,
ACCV07(II: 580-589).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Ye, G.[Getian],
High-Resolution Multi-sprite Generation for Background Sprite Coding,
ACIVS07(756-767).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Ren, X.F.[Xiao-Feng], Malik, J.[Jitendra],
Tracking as Repeated Figure/Ground Segmentation,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Fan, J.L.[Jia-Lue], Yang, M.[Ming], Wu, Y.[Ying],
A bi-subspace model for robust visual tracking,
ICIP08(2660-2663).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Yang, M.[Ming], Wu, Y.[Ying],
Granularity and elasticity adaptation in visual tracking,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Yang, M.[Ming], Yuan, J.S.[Jun-Song], Wu, Y.[Ying],
Spatial selection for attentional visual tracking,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Sun, J.[Jian], Kang, S.B.[Sing Bing], Xu, Z.B.[Zong-Ben], Tang, X.[Xiaoou], Shum, H.Y.[Heung-Yeung],
Flash Cut: Foreground Extraction with Flash and No-flash Image Pairs,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Allili, M.S.[Mohand Said], Bouguila, N.[Nizar], Ziou, D.[Djemel],
Finite Generalized Gaussian Mixture Modeling and Applications to Image and Video Foreground Segmentation,
CRV07(183-190).
IEEE DOI Link 0705
See also Hybrid SEM Algorithm for High-Dimensional Unsupervised Learning Using a Finite Generalized Dirichlet Mixture, A. BibRef

Allili, M.S.[Mohand Said], Bouguila, N.[Nizar], Ziou, D.[Djemel],
A Robust Video Foreground Segmentation by Using Generalized Gaussian Mixture Modeling,
CRV07(503-509).
IEEE DOI Link 0705
BibRef

Cheng, S.[Steven], Luo, X.Z.[Xing-Zhi], Bhandarkar, S.M.[Suchendra M.],
A Multiscale Parametric Background Model for Stationary Foreground Object Detection,
Motion07(18-18).
IEEE DOI Link 0702
BibRef

Luo, X.Z.[Xing-Zhi], Bhandarkar, S.M., Hua, W.[Wei], Gu, H.S.[Hai-Song],
Nonparametric Background Modeling Using the CONDENSATION Algorithm,
AVSBS06(3-3).
IEEE DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Park, D.Y.[Dae-Yong], Byun, H.R.[Hye-Ran],
Object-Wise Multilayer Background Ordering for Public Area Surveillance,
AVSBS09(484-489).
IEEE DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Park, D.Y.[Dae-Yong], Kim, J.B.[Jun-Beom], Kim, J.[Jaemin], Cho, S.W.[Seong-Won], Chung, S.T.[Sun-Tae],
Motion Detection in Complex and Dynamic Backgrounds,
PSIVT06(545-552).
Springer DOI Link 0612
BibRef

Jacobs, N., Pless, R.,
Shape Background Modeling: The Shape of Things That Came,
Motion07(27-27).
IEEE DOI Link 0702
Background modeling using expected shape of foreground objects. BibRef

Campbell-West, F., Miller, P., Wang, H.B.[Hong-Bin],
Independent Moving Object Detection Using a Colour Background Model,
AVSBS06(31-31).
IEEE DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Ahn, J.H.[Jung-Ho], Byun, H.R.[Hye-Ran],
Human Silhouette Extraction Method Using Region Based Background Subtraction,
MIRAGE07(412-420).
Springer DOI Link 0703
BibRef

Ahn, J.H.[Jung-Ho], Kim, K.C.[Kil-Cheon], Byun, H.R.[Hye-Ran],
Robust Object Segmentation Using Graph Cut with Object and Background Seed Estimation,
ICPR06(II: 361-364).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef
And: A1, A3, Only:
Accurate Foreground Extraction Using Graph Cut with Trimap Estimation,
PSIVT06(1185-1194).
Springer DOI Link 0612
BibRef

Yoshimura, H.[Hironori], Iwai, Y.[Yoshio], Yachida, M.[Masahiko],
Object Detection with Adaptive Background Model and Margined Sign Cross Correlation,
ICPR06(III: 19-23).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Kim, T.K.[Tae-Kyung], Paik, J.K.[Joon-Ki],
Adaptive Background Generation for Video Object Segmentation,
ISVC06(I: 871-880).
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Yu, T.[Ting], Zhang, C.[Cha], Cohen, M.[Michael], Rui, Y.[Yong], Wu, Y.[Ying],
Monocular Video Foreground/Background Segmentation by Tracking Spatial-Color Gaussian Mixture Models,
Motion07(5-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0702
BibRef

Teixeira, L.F.[Luis F.], Corte-Real, L.[Luis],
Cascaded change detection for foreground segmentation,
Motion07(6-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0702
BibRef

Berrabah, S.A.[Sid Ahmed], de Cubber, G.[Geert], Enescu, V., Sahli, H.[Hichem],
MRF-Based Foreground Detection in Image Sequences from a Moving Camera,
ICIP06(1125-1128). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Adam, A., Rivlin, E., Shimshoni, I.,
Aggregated Dynamic Background Modeling,
ICIP06(3313-3316). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Yang, S.Y.[Sheng-Yan], Hsu, C.T.[Chiou-Ting],
Background Modeling from GMM Likelihood Combined with Spatial and Color Coherency,
ICIP06(2801-2804). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Boulanger, J., Kervrann, C., Bouthemy, P.,
Estimation of Dynamic Background for Fluorescence Video-Microscopy,
ICIP06(2509-2512). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Cvetkovic, S., Bakker, P., Schirris, J., de With, P.H.N.,
Background Estimation and Adaptation Model with Light-Change Removal for Heavily Down-Sampled Video Surveillance Signals,
ICIP06(1829-1832). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

de Beeck, K.O., Gu, I.Y.H., Li, L.Y.[Li-Yuan], Viberg, M., de Moor, B.,
Region-Based Statistical Background Modeling for Foreground Object Segmentation,
ICIP06(3317-3320). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Chen, T.H.[Thou-Ho], Chen, T.Y.[Tsong-Yi], Chiou, Y.C.[Yung-Chuen],
An Efficient Real-Time Video Object Segmentation Algorithm Based on Change Detection and Background Updating,
ICIP06(1837-1840). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Li, R.N.[Ruo-Nan], Chen, Y.[Yu], Zhang, X.D.[Xu-Dong],
Fast Robust Eigen-Background Updating for Foreground Detection,
ICIP06(1833-1836). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Ardo, H., Berthilsson, R.,
Adaptive Background Estimation using Intensity Independent Features,
BMVC06(III:1069).
PDF Version. 0609
BibRef

Doshi, A., Trivedi, M.M.,
'Hybrid Cone-Cylinder' Codebook Model for Foreground Detection with Shadow and Highlight Suppression,
AVSBS06(19-19).
IEEE DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Shimada, A.[Atsushi], Taniguchi, R.I.[Rin-Ichiro],
Hybrid Background Model Using Spatial-Temporal LBP,
AVSBS09(19-24).
IEEE DOI Link 0909
See also Object Detection under Varying Illumination Based on Adaptive Background Modeling Considering Spatial Locality. BibRef

Shimada, A., Arita, D.[Daisaku], Taniguchi, R.I.[Rin-Ichiro],
Dynamic Control of Adaptive Mixture-of-Gaussians Background Model,
AVSBS06(5-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Liang, Y.Q.[Yi-Qing], Crnic, L.[Linda], Kobla, V.[Vikrant], Wolf, W.[Wayne],
System and method for object identification and behavior characterization using video analysis,
US_Patent6,678,413, Jan 13, 2004
WWW Version. BibRef 0401

Chen, C.Y.[Cheng-Yao], Wolf, W.[Wayne],
Background modeling and object tracking using multi-spectral sensors,
VSSN06(27-34).
WWW Version. 0701
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Nam, W.H.[Woon-Hyun], Han, J.H.[Joon-Hee],
Motion-based background modeling for foreground segmentation,
VSSN06(35-44).
WWW Version. 0701
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Calderara, S.[Simone], Melli, R.[Rudy], Prati, A.[Andrea], Cucchiara, R.[Rita],
Reliable background suppression for complex scenes,
VSSN06(211-214).
WWW Version. 0701
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Salas, J.[Joaquín], Martínez, P.[Pedro], González, J.[Jordi],
Background Updating with the Use of Intrinsic Curves,
ICIAR06(I: 731-742).
Springer DOI Link 0610
BibRef

Kim, S.[Sungho], Yoon, K.J.[Kuk-Jin], Kweon, I.S.[In So],
Background Robust Object Labeling by Voting of Weight-Aggregated Local Features,
ICPR06(II: 219-222).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Rao, N.I.[Naveed I.], Di, H.J.[Hui-Jun], Xu, G.Y.[Guang-You],
Refine Stereo Correspondence Using Bayesian Network and Dynamic Programming on a Color Based Minimal Span Tree,
ACIVS06(610-619).
Springer DOI Link 0609
BibRef
And:
Joint Correspondence and Background Modeling Based on Tree Dynamic Programming,
ICPR06(II: 425-428).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Sun, Y.[Yunda], Yuan, B.Z.[Bao-Zong], Miao, Z.J.[Zhen-Jiang], Wan, C.K.[Cheng-Kai],
Better Foreground Segmentation for Static Cameras via New Energy Form and Dynamic Graph-cut,
ICPR06(IV: 49-52).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Indupalli, S., Ali, M.A., Boufama, B.,
A Novel Clustering-Based Method for Adaptive Background Segmentation,
CRV06(37-37).
IEEE DOI Link 0607
BibRef

Singh, V.K., Maji, S., Mukerjee, A.[Amitabha],
Confidence Based updation of Motion Conspicuity in Dynamic Scenes,
CRV06(13-13).
IEEE DOI Link 0607
BibRef

Messelodi, S.[Stefano], Modena, C.M.[Carla Maria], Segata, N.[Nicola], Zanin, M.[Michele],
A Kalman Filter Based Background Updating Algorithm Robust to Sharp Illumination Changes,
CIAP05(163-170).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Yang, L.[Lei], Yang, J.[Jie], Peng, N.S.[Ning-Song], Ling, J.G.[Jian-Guo],
Weighted Information Entropy: A Method for Estimating the Complex Degree of Infrared Images' Backgrounds,
ICIAR05(215-222).
Springer DOI Link 0509
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Lluís, J.[Jordi], Miralles, X.[Xavier], Bastidas, O.[Oscar],
Reliable real-time foreground detection for video surveillance applications,
VSSN05(59-62).
WWW Version. 0511
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Kamkar-Parsi, A.H.[A. Homayoun], Laganière, R.[Robert], Bouchard, M.[Martin],
A multi-criteria model for robust foreground extraction,
VSSN05(67-70).
WWW Version. 0511
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Porikli, F.M.[Fatih Murat],
Detection of temporarily static regions by processing video at different frame rates,
AVSBS07(236-241).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Porikli, F.N.[Fatih N.], Tuzel, O.[Oncel],
Bayesian background modeling for foreground detection,
VSSN05(55-58).
WWW Version. 0511
BibRef

Tuzel, O.[Oncel], Porikli, F.M., Meer, P.[Peter],
A Bayesian Approach to Background Modeling,
MVIV05(III: 58-58).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Conaire, C.O., Cooke, E., O'Connor, N.E., Murphy, N., Smearson, A.,
Background Modelling in Infrared and Visible Spectrum Video for People Tracking,
OTCBVS05(III: 20-20).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Guha, P.[Prithwijit], Palai, D.[Dibyendu], Venkatesh, K.S., Mukerjee, A.[Amitabha],
A Multiscale Co-linearity Statistic Based Approach to Robust Background Modeling,
ACCV06(I:297-306).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Russell, D.M., Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang],
Segmenting Highly Textured Nonstationary Background,
BMVC07(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 0709
BibRef
Earlier:
Minimum Cuts of A Time-Varying Background,
BMVC06(II:809).
PDF Version. 0609
BibRef
Earlier:
A highly efficient block-based dynamic background model,
AVSBS05(417-422).
IEEE DOI Link 0602
BibRef

Zhu, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Avidan, S.[Shai], Cheng, K.T.[Kwang-Ting],
Learning a Sparse, Corner-Based Representation for Time-varying Background Modeling,
ICCV05(I: 678-685).
IEEE DOI Link 0510
BibRef

Moreno-Noguer, F.[Francesc], Sanfeliu, A.[Alberto], Samaras, D.[Dimitris],
Integration of Conditionally Dependent Object Features for Robust Figure/Background Segmentation,
ICCV05(II: 1713-1720).
IEEE DOI Link 0510
See also Dependent Multiple Cue Integration for Robust Tracking. See also Integration of deformable contours and a multiple hypotheses Fisher color model for robust tracking in varying illuminant environments. BibRef

Moreno-Noguer, F., Sanfeliu, A.,
Integration of shape and a multihypotheses fisher color model for figure-ground segmentation in non-stationary environments,
ICPR04(IV: 771-774).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Zach, C.[Christopher], Sormann, M.[Mario], Karner, K.[Konrad],
High-Performance Multi-View Reconstruction,
3DPVT06(113-120).
IEEE DOI Link 0606
BibRef

Sormann, M.[Mario], Zach, C.[Christopher], Bauer, J.[Joachim], Karner, K.[Konrad], Bischof, H.[Horst],
Automatic Foreground Propagation in Image Sequences for 3D Reconstruction,
DAGM05(93).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Alexandropoulos, T., Loumos, V., Kayafas, E.,
A block-based clustering technique for real time object detection on a static background,
ICIS04(I: 169-173).
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Zhang, J.S.[Jia-Shu], Zhang, L., and Tai, H.M.[Heng-Ming],
Efficient video object segmentation using adaptive background registration and edge-based change detection techniques,
ICME04(II: 1467-1470). BibRef 0400

Tian, Y.L.[Ying-Li], Lu, M.[Max], Hampapur, A.[Arun],
Robust and Efficient Foreground Analysis for Real-Time Video Surveillance,
CVPR05(I: 1182-1187).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Ozden, K.E., Van Gool, L.J.,
Background Recognition in Dynamic Scenes with Motion Constraints,
CVPR05(I: 250-255).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Piccurdi, M., Jan, T.,
Mean-shift background image modelling,
ICIP04(V: 3399-3402).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Yoshida, T.,
Background differencing technique for image segmentation based on the status of reference pixels,
ICIP04(V: 3487-3490).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Shao, J.[Jie], Zhou, S.K., Chellappa, R.,
Simultaneous background and foreground modeling for tracking in surveillance video,
ICIP04(II: 1053-1056).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Zhou, Y.[Yue], Xu, W.[Wei], Tao, H.[Hai], Gong, Y.H.[Yi-Hong],
Background Segmentation Using Spatial-Temporal Multi-Resolution MRF,
Motion05(II: 8-13).
WWW Version. 0502
BibRef

Zhou, Y.[Yue], Tao, H.[Hai],
A background layer model for object tracking through occlusion,
ICCV03(1079-1085).
IEEE DOI Link 0311
BibRef

Tsai, Y.P.[Yu-Pao], Hung, Y.P.[Yi-Ping], Shih, Z.C.[Zen-Chung], Su, J.J.[Jin-Jen], Tsai, S.R.[Shang-Ru],
Background removal system for object movies,
ICPR04(I: 608-611).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
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Zhong, J.[Jing], Sclaroff, S.,
Segmenting foreground objects from a dynamic textured background via a robust Kalman filter,
ICCV03(44-50).
IEEE DOI Link 0311
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Farin, D., de With, P.H.N., Effelsberg, W.,
Robust background estimation for complex video sequences,
ICIP03(I: 145-148).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312
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Mansouri, A.R., Mitiche, A., Dolla, F.,
Motion-based figure-ground segmentation by maximum motion separation,
ICIP03(III: 925-928).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312
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Lee, D.S.[Dar-Shyang], Hull, J.J., Erol, B.,
A Bayesian framework for Gaussian mixture background modeling,
ICIP03(III: 973-976).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312
BibRef

Ablavsky, V.,
Background models for tracking objects in water,
ICIP03(III: 125-128).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312
BibRef

Cristani, M., Bicego, M., Murino, V.,
Integrated region- and pixel-based approach to background modelling,
Motion02(3-8).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0303
See also Unsupervised scene analysis: A hidden Markov model approach. BibRef

Lin, H.H.[Horng-Horng], Liu, T.L.[Tyng-Luh], Chuang, J.H.[Jen-Hui],
A probabilistic SVM approach for background scene initialization,
ICIP02(III: 893-896).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210
See also Direct Energy Minimization for Super-Resolution on Nonlinear Manifolds. BibRef

Nordlund, P.[Peter], Eklundh, J.O.[Jan-Olof],
Real-Time Maintenance of Figure-Ground Segmentation,
CVS99(115 ff.).
HTML Version. 0209
BibRef

Gustafsson, U., Haglund, L., Andersson, I.,
Target Detection and Background Suppression using Quadrature Pyramid Filters,
SCIA01(P-W5). 0206
BibRef

Harville, M.[Michael],
A Framework for High-Level Feedback to Adaptive, Per-Pixel, Mixture-of-Gaussian Background Models,
ECCV02(III: 543 ff.).
HTML Version. 0205
BibRef

Harville, M., Gordon, G.G., Woodfill, J.I.,
Adaptive Video Background Modeling Using Color and Depth,
ICIP01(III: 90-93).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108
BibRef

Gao, D.S., Zhou, J., Xin, L.P.,
A Novel Algorithm of Adaptive Background Estimation,
ICIP01(II: 395-398).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108
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Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.], Demirdjian, D.[David], Checka, N.[Neal], Felzenszwalb, P.F.[Pedro F.],
Plan-View Trajectory Estimation with Dense Stereo Background Models,
ICCV01(II: 628-635).
IEEE DOI Link 0106
BibRef
And: MIT AI Memo-2001-001, February 2001.
WWW Version. 0105
Derive a 3-D model for the background to use in foreground tracking. BibRef

Stenger, B.[Bjoern], Ramesh, V.[Visvanathan], Paragios, N.[Nikos], Coetzee, F.[Frans], Buhmann, J.M.[Joachim M.],
Topology Free Hidden Markov Models: Application to Background Modeling,
ICCV01(I: 294-301).
IEEE DOI Link 0106
BibRef

Gao, X.[Xiang], Boult, T.E., Coetzee, F.[Frans], Ramesh, V.[Visvanathan],
Error Analysis of Background Adaption,
CVPR00(I: 503-510).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0005
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Qian, R.J.[Richard J.], Sezan, M.I.[M. Ibrahim],
Video Background Replacement Without A Blue Screen,
ICIP99(IV:143-146).
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Csurka, G., Bouthemy, P.,
Direct Identification of Moving Objects and Background from 2D Motion Models,
ICCV99(566-571).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9900

Eveland, C.K.[Christopher K.], Konolige, K.G.[Kurt G.], Bolles, R.C.[Robert C.],
Background Modeling for Segmentation of Video-rate Stereo Sequences,
CVPR98(266-271).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9800

Toyama, K., Krumm, J., Brumitt, B., Meyers, B.,
Wallflower: Principles and Practice of Background Maintenance,
ICCV99(255-261).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9900

Martins, F.C.M.[Fernando C.M.], Nickerson, B.R.[Brian R.], Bostrom, V.[Vareck], Hazra, R.[Rajeeb],
Implementation of a Real-time Foreground/Background Segmentation System on the Intel Architecture,
Frame-Rate99(xx-yy).
HTML Version. BibRef 9900

Martins, I., Corte-Real, L.,
A video coder using 3-D model based background for video surveillance applications,
ICIP98(II: 919-923).
IEEE DOI Link 9810
BibRef

Hwang, T.L., Clark, J.J.[James J.],
On local detection of moving edges,
ICPR90(I: 180-184).
IEEE DOI Link 9006
BibRef

Chen, S., Li, Z., Zhang, G.,
A Renovated Algorithm for Extracting Moving Target from Background in Real Time Video Tracking System,
ICPR88(II: 646-648).
IEEE DOI Link
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 8800

Chapter on Motion Analysis --Low-Level, Image Level Analysis, Mosaic Generation, Super Resolution, Shape from Motion continues in
Motion Sequence, Background Subtraction .