21.2.5.1 Face Analysis -- Gender Classification

Moghaddam, B.[Baback], Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan],
Learning Gender with Support Faces,
PAMI(24), No. 5, May 2002, pp. 707-711.
IEEE DOI Link 0205
Appearance based gender classification. Thumbnail (21X12 pixels) results only 1% worse then next size (84X48). BibRef

Moghaddam, B.[Baback], Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan],
Gender Classification with Support Vector Machines,
AFGR00(306-311).
IEEE DOI Link 0003
BibRef

Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan], Moghaddam, B.[Baback],
Support Vector Machines for Visual Gender Classification,
ICPR00(Vol I: 1115-1118).
IEEE DOI Link 0009
BibRef

Yang, M.H.,
Gender Classification Using Support Vector Machines,
ICIP00(Vol II: 471-474).
IEEE Abstract. 0008
BibRef

Kim, H.C.[Hyun-Chul], Kim, D.J.[Dai-Jin], Ghahramani, Z.[Zoubin], Bang, S.Y.[Sung Yang],
Appearance-based gender classification with Gaussian processes,
PRL(27), No. 6, 15 April 2006, pp. 618-626.
WWW Version. Gender classification; Appearance-based gender classification; Kernel machines; Gaussian process classifiers; Support vector machines 0604
BibRef

Baluja, S.[Shumeet], Rowley, H.A.[Henry A.],
Boosting Sex Identification Performance,
IJCV(71), No. 1, January 2007, pp. 111-119.
Springer DOI Link 0609
AdaBoost to determine gender. 20X20 image, 93% accuracy. BibRef

Samal, A.[Ashok], Subramani, V.[Vanitha], Marx, D.[David],
Analysis of sexual dimorphism in human face,
JVCIR(18), No. 6, December 2007, pp. 453-463.
WWW Version. 0711
Face recognition; Sexual dimorphism; Gender classification; Face classification; Human face BibRef

Makinen, E.[Erno], Raisamo, R.[Roope],
Evaluation of Gender Classification Methods with Automatically Detected and Aligned Faces,
PAMI(30), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 541-547.
IEEE DOI Link 0801
Automatic face alignment did not help. Manual alignment did a little. BibRef

Lu, H.C.[Hu-Chuan], Huang, Y.J.[Ying-Jie], Chen, Y.W.[Yen-Wei], Yang, D.L.[De-Li],
Automatic Gender Recognition Based on Pixel-Pattern-Based Texture Feature,
RealTimeIP(3), No. 1-2, March 2008, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0804
See also Automatic Facial Expression Recognition Based on Pixel-Pattern-Based Texture Feature. BibRef

Makinen, E.[Erno], Raisamo, R.[Roope],
An experimental comparison of gender classification methods,
PRL(29), No. 10, 15 July 2008, pp. 1544-1556.
WWW Version. 0711
Automatic face analysis; Gender classification; Face detection; Face database; Performance evaluation BibRef

Hadid, A.[Abdenour], Pietikainen, M.[Matti],
Combining appearance and motion for face and gender recognition from videos,
PR(42), No. 11, November 2009, pp. 2818-2827.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0907
BibRef
And:
Manifold Learning for Gender Classification from Face Sequences,
ICB09(82-91).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef
Earlier:
Combining motion and appearance for gender classification from video sequences,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef
Earlier:
Selecting models from videos for appearance-based face recognition,
ICPR04(I: 304-308).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
Face recognition; Gender recognition; Facial dynamics; Boosting; Local binary patterns; Spatiotemporal analysis BibRef

Ylioinas, J.[Juha], Hadid, A.[Abdenour], Pietikäinen, M.[Matti],
Combining Contrast Information and Local Binary Patterns for Gender Classification,
SCIA11(676-686).
Springer DOI Link 1105
BibRef

Toews, M.[Matthew], Arbel, T.[Tal],
Detection, Localization, and Sex Classification of Faces from Arbitrary Viewpoints and under Occlusion,
PAMI(31), No. 9, September 2009, pp. 1567-1581.
IEEE DOI Link 0907
Bayesian classifier. Learn appearance model for each class. See also Statistical Parts-Based Model of Anatomical Variability, A. BibRef

Demirkus, M.[Meltem], Toews, M.[Matthew], Clark, J.J.[James J.], Arbel, T.[Tal],
Gender classification from unconstrained video sequences,
AMFG10(55-62).
IEEE DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Wu, J.[Jing], Smith, W.A.P.[William A.P.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Facial Gender Classification Using Shape-from-Shading,
IVC(28), No. 6, June 2010, pp. 1039-1048.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 1003
BibRef
Earlier:
Gender classification based on facial surface normals,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef
And:
Supervised Principal Geodesic Analysis on Facial Surface Normals for Gender Classification,
SSPR08(664-673).
Springer DOI Link 0812
BibRef
And:
Facial Gender Classification Using Shape from Shading and Weighted Principal Geodesic Analysis,
ICIAR08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0806
BibRef
Earlier:
Gender Classification using Shape from Shading,
BMVC07(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 0709
BibRef
And:
Weighted Principal Geodesic Analysis for Facial Gender Classification,
CIARP07(331-339).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef
And:
Learning Mixture Models for Gender Classification Based on Facial Surface Normals,
IbPRIA07(I: 39-46).
Springer DOI Link 0706
BibRef
Earlier:
Gender Classification Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Gaussian Mixture Models,
CIARP06(58-67).
Springer DOI Link 0611
Gender classification; Principal geodesic analysis; Shape-from-shading See also Estimating Facial Pose Using Shape-from-Shading. See also Estimating Facial Reflectance Properties Using Shape-from-Shading. See also Facial Shape-from-shading and Recognition Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Robust Statistics. See also Facial Expression Recognition Using Nonrigid Motion Parameters and Shape-from-Shading. BibRef

Wu, J.[Jing], Smith, W.A.P.[William A.P.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Gender discriminating models from facial surface normals,
PR(44), No. 12, December 2011, pp. 2871-2886.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 1107
Gender classification; Facial surface normals; Statistical model; Feature extraction; Principal geodesic analysis BibRef

Wu, J.[Jing], Smith, W.A.P., Hancock, E.R., Kawulok, M.[Michal],
Extracting gender discriminating features from facial needle-maps,
ICIP09(2449-2452).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Zhang, Z.H.[Zhi-Hong], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.], Wu, J.[Jing],
An information theoretic approach to gender feature selection,
ITCVPR11(1425-1431).
IEEE DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Kawulok, M.[Michal], Wu, J.[Jing], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Supervised relevance maps for increasing the distinctiveness of facial images,
PR(44), No. 4, April 2011, pp. 929-939.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 1101
Face recognition; Gender classification; Feature extraction; Biometrics BibRef

Dickens, M.P.[Matthew P.], Smith, W.A.P.[William A. P.], Wu, J.[Jing], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Face Recognition Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Manifold Learning,
IbPRIA07(I: 426-434).
Springer DOI Link 0706
See also Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction. BibRef

Toderici, G.[George], O'Malley, S.M.[Sean M.], Passalis, G.[George], Theoharis, T.[Theoharis], Kakadiaris, I.A.[Ioannis A.],
Ethnicity- and Gender-based Subject Retrieval Using 3-D Face-Recognition Techniques,
IJCV(89), No. 2-3, September 2010, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 1006
See also Three-Dimensional Face Recognition in the Presence of Facial Expressions: An Annotated Deformable Model Approach. BibRef

Alexandre, L.A.[Luis A.],
Gender recognition: A multiscale decision fusion approach,
PRL(31), No. 11, 1 August 2010, pp. 1422-1427.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 1008
Gender recognition; Decision fusion; Histogram of oriented gradients; Local binary patterns BibRef

Hu, Y.[Yuan], Lu, L.[Li], Yan, J.Q.[Jing-Qi], Liu, Z.[Zhi], Shi, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
Sexual Dimorphism Analysis and Gender Classification in 3D Human Face,
IEICE(E93-D), No. 9, September 2010, pp. 2643-2646.
WWW Version. 1003
BibRef

Suo, J., Lin, L., Shan, S.G.[Shi-Guang], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Gao, W.[Wen],
High-Resolution Face Fusion for Gender Conversion,
SMC-A(41), No. 2, March 2011, pp. 226-237.
IEEE DOI Link 1102
See also Coupled Bias-Variance Tradeoff for Cross-Pose Face Recognition. BibRef

Bekios-Calfa, J.[Juan], Buenaposada, J.M.[Jose M.], Baumela, L.[Luis],
Revisiting Linear Discriminant Techniques in Gender Recognition,
PAMI(33), No. 4, April 2011, pp. 858-864.
IEEE DOI Link 1103
Review of techniques. BibRef

Bekios-Calfa, J.[Juan], Buenaposada, J.M.[José M.], Baumela, L.[Luis],
Age Regression from Soft Aligned Face Images Using Low Computational Resources,
IbPRIA11(281-288).
Springer DOI Link 1106
BibRef
And:
On the Importance of Multi-dimensional Information in Gender Estimation from Face Images,
CIARP11(264-271).
Springer DOI Link 1111
BibRef

Shan, C.F.[Cai-Feng],
Learning local binary patterns for gender classification on real-world face images,
PRL(33), No. 4, March 2012, pp. 431-437.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 1201
Gender classification; Local binary patterns; Face image analysis BibRef

Shan, C.F.[Cai-Feng], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang], McOwan, P.W.[Peter W.],
Learning gender from human gaits and faces,
AVSBS07(505-510).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Rojas-Bello, R.N., Lago-Fernandez, L.F., Martinez-Munoz, G., Sdnchez-Montanes, M.A.,
A comparison of techniques for robust gender recognition,
ICIP11(561-564).
IEEE DOI Link 1201
BibRef

Lin, S.J.[Shen-Ju], Huang, C.L.[Chung-Lin], Hsu, S.C.[Shih-Chung],
Gender Identification Using Feature Patch-Based Bayesian Classifier,
PSIVT11(II: 116-127).
Springer DOI Link 1111
BibRef

Bui, L.[Len], Tran, D.[Dat], Huang, X.[Xu], Chetty, G.[Girija],
Classification of gender and face based on gradient faces,
EUVIP11(269-272).
IEEE DOI Link 1110
BibRef

Manesh, F.S., Ghahramani, M., Tan, Y.P.,
Facial part displacement effect on template-based gender and ethnicity classification,
ICARCV10(1644-1649).
IEEE DOI Link 1109
BibRef

Ross, A.A.[Arun A.], Chen, C.J.[Cun-Jian],
Can Gender Be Predicted from Near-Infrared Face Images?,
ICIAR11(II: 120-129).
Springer DOI Link 1106
BibRef

Zhang, Z.H.[Zhi-Hong], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
A Hypergraph-Based Approach to Feature Selection,
CAIP11(I: 228-235).
Springer DOI Link 1109
BibRef
And:
Feature Selection for Gender Classification,
IbPRIA11(76-83).
Springer DOI Link 1106
BibRef
And:
A Graph-Based Approach to Feature Selection,
GbRPR11(205-214).
Springer DOI Link 1105
BibRef

Shan, C.F.[Cai-Feng],
Gender Classification on Real-Life Faces,
ACIVS10(II: 323-331).
Springer DOI Link 1012
BibRef

Castrillon-Santana, M., Lorenzo-Navarro, J.[Javier], Freire, D., Deniz-Suarez, O.,
Learning to recognize gender using experience,
ICIP10(4533-4536).
IEEE DOI Link 1009
BibRef

Lee, P.H.[Ping-Han], Hung, J.Y.[Jui-Yu], Hung, Y.P.[Yi-Ping],
Automatic Gender Recognition Using Fusion of Facial Strips,
ICPR10(1140-1143).
IEEE DOI Link 1008
BibRef

Mozaffari, S.[Saeed], Behravan, H.[Hamid], Akbari, R.[Rohollah],
Gender Classification Using Single Frontal Image Per Person: Combination of Appearance and Geometric Based Features,
ICPR10(1192-1195).
IEEE DOI Link 1008
BibRef

Shobeirinejad, A.[Ameneh], Gao, Y.S.[Yong-Sheng],
Gender Classification Using Interlaced Derivative Patterns,
ICPR10(1509-1512).
IEEE DOI Link 1008
BibRef

Jabid, T.[Taskeed], Kabir, M.H.[M. Hasanul], Chae, O.[Oksam],
Facial expression recognition using Local Directional Pattern (LDP),
ICIP10(1605-1608).
IEEE DOI Link 1009
BibRef
And:
Local Directional Pattern (LDP): A Robust Image Descriptor for Object Recognition,
AVSS10(482-487).
IEEE DOI Link 1009
BibRef
And:
Gender Classification Using Local Directional Pattern (LDP),
ICPR10(2162-2165).
IEEE DOI Link 1008
See also Local Directional Pattern Variance (LDPv) Based Face Descriptor for Human Facial Expression Recognition, A. BibRef

Chu, W.S.[Wen-Sheng], Huang, C.R.[Chun-Rong], Chen, C.S.[Chu-Song],
Identifying Gender from Unaligned Facial Images by Set Classification,
ICPR10(2636-2639).
IEEE DOI Link 1008
BibRef

Wang, J.G.[Jian-Gang], Li, J.[Jun], Lee, C.Y.[Chong Yee], Yau, W.Y.[Wei-Yun],
Dense SIFT and Gabor descriptors-based face representation with applications to gender recognition,
ICARCV10(1860-1864).
IEEE DOI Link 1109
BibRef

Wang, J.G.[Jian-Gang], Li, J.[Jun], Yau, W.Y.[Wei-Yun], Sung, E.[Eric],
Boosting dense SIFT descriptors and shape contexts of face images for gender recognition,
Biometrics10(96-102).
IEEE DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Li, X.[Xiong], Zhao, X.[Xu], Fu, Y.[Yun], Liu, Y.C.[Yun-Cai],
Bimodal gender recognition from face and fingerprint,
CVPR10(2590-2597).
IEEE DOI Link 1006
BibRef

Qiu, H.N.[Hui-Ning], Liu, W.Q.[Wan-Quan], Lai, J.H.[Jian-Huang],
Gender Recognition via Locality Preserving Tensor Analysis on Face Images,
ACCV09(III: 601-610).
Springer DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Wu, J.[Jing], Smith, W.A.P.[William A. P.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Semi-supervised Feature Selection for Gender Classification,
ACCV09(II: 23-33).
Springer DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Hwang, W.J.[Won-Jun], Ren, H.B.[Hai-Bing], Kim, H.W.[Hyun-Woo], Kee, S.C.[Seok-Cheol], Kim, J.[Junmo],
Face recognition using gender information,
ICIP09(4129-4132).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Prince, S.J.D.[Simon J.D.], Aghajanian, J.[Jania],
Gender classification in uncontrolled settings using additive logistic models,
ICIP09(2557-2560).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Tariq, U.[Usman], Hu, Y.X.[Yu-Xiao], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Gender and ethnicity identification from silhouetted face profiles,
ICIP09(2441-2444).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Li, Z.[Zhen], Zhou, X.[Xi], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Spatial Gaussian Mixture Model for gender recognition,
ICIP09(45-48).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Wu, B.[Bo], Ai, H.Z.[Hai-Zhou], Huang, C.[Chang],
LUT-Based AdaBoost for Gender Classification,
AVBPA03(104-110).
HTML Version. 0310
BibRef

Stewart, D.[Darryl], Wang, H.B.[Hong-Bin], Shen, J.[Jiali], Miller, P.[Paul],
Investigations into the Robustness of Audio-Visual Gender Classification to Background Noise and Illumination Effects,
DICTA09(168-174).
IEEE DOI Link 0912
BibRef

Andreu, Y.[Yasmina], García-Sevilla, P.[Pedro], Mollineda, R.A.[Ramón A.],
Dealing with Inaccurate Face Detection for Automatic Gender Recognition with Partially Occluded Faces,
CIARP09(749-757).
Springer DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Gao, W.[Wei], Ai, H.Z.[Hai-Zhou],
Face Gender Classification on Consumer Images in a Multiethnic Environment,
ICB09(169-178).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Yang, Z.G.[Zhi-Guang], Li, M.[Ming], Ai, H.Z.[Hai-Zhou],
An Experimental Study on Automatic Face Gender Classification,
ICPR06(III: 1099-1102).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Mayo, M.[Michael], Zhang, E.[Edmond],
Improving face gender classification by adding deliberately misaligned faces to the training data,
IVCNZ08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0811
BibRef

Kotti, M.[Margarita], Kotropoulos, C.[Constantine],
Gender classification in two Emotional Speech databases,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Xu, Z.[Ziyi], Lu, L.[Li], Shi, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
A hybrid approach to gender classification from face images,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Scalzo, F.[Fabien], Bebis, G.N.[George N.], Nicolescu, M.[Mircea], Loss, L.A.[Leandro A.], Tavakkoli, A.[Alireza],
Feature Fusion Hierarchies for gender classification,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Leng, X.M.[Xue-Ming], Wang, Y.D.[Yi-Ding],
Improving generalization for gender classification,
ICIP08(1656-1659).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Thomas, V., Chawla, N.V., Bowyer, K.W., Flynn, P.J.,
Learning to predict gender from iris images,
BTAS07(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Gallagher, A.C.[Andrew C.], Chen, T.H.[Tsu-Han],
Estimating age, gender, and identity using first name priors,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Andreu, Y.[Yasmina], Mollineda, R.A.[Ramón A.], García-Sevilla, P.[Pedro],
Gender Recognition from a Partial View of the Face Using Local Feature Vectors,
IbPRIA09(481-488).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Andreu, Y.[Yasmina], Mollineda, R.A.[Ramón A.],
On the Complementarity of Face Parts for Gender Recognition,
CIARP08(252-260).
Springer DOI Link 0809
BibRef
And:
The Role of Face Parts in Gender Recognition,
ICIAR08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Xu, X.[Xun], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
SODA-Boosting and Its Application to Gender Recognition,
AMFG07(193-204).
Springer DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Castrillón-Santana, M.[Modesto], Vuong, Q.C.[Quoc C.],
An Analysis of Automatic Gender Classification,
CIARP07(271-280).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Verschae, R.[Rodrigo], Ruiz-del-Solar, J.[Javier], Correa, M.[Mauricio],
Gender Classification of Faces Using Adaboost,
CIARP06(68-78).
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Tivive, F.H.C.[Fok Hing Chi], Bouzerdoum, A.[Abdesselam],
A Shunting Inhibitory Convolutional Neural Network for Gender Classification,
ICPR06(IV: 421-424).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Lapedriza, A.[Agata], Maryn-Jimenez, M.J.[Manuel J.], Vitria, J.[Jordi],
Gender Recognition in Non Controlled Environments,
ICPR06(III: 834-837).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Ben Abdelkader, C.[Chiraz], Griffin, P.A.[Paul A.],
A Local Region-based Approach to Gender Classification From Face Images,
LCV05(III: 52-52).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
See also Comparing and combining depth and texture cues for face recognition. BibRef

Okada, Y., Ohzu, M., Sakurai, T., Inaba, M., Akamatsu, S.,
Automatic Impression Transformation of Faces in 3D Shape: A Perceptual Comparison with Processing on 2D Images,
FGR06(535-540).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
Transform faces along gender variations. BibRef

Saatci, Y., Town, C.,
Cascaded Classification of Gender and Facial Expression using Active Appearance Models,
FGR06(393-400).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Lu, X.G.[Xiao-Guang], Chen, H.[Hong], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Multimodal Facial Gender and Ethnicity Identification,
ICB06(554-561).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Nishino, S., Sachiyo, I., Matsuda, A.,
Gender determining method using thermography,
ICIP04(V: 2961-2964).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Costen, N.P., Brown, M., Akamatsu, S.,
Sparse models for gender classification,
AFGR04(201-206).
IEEE Abstract. 0411
BibRef

Costen, N.P., Brown, M.,
Exploratory Sparse Models for Face Recognition,
BMVC03(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0409
BibRef

Kawano, T., Kato, K., Yamamoto, K.,
A comparison of the gender differentiation capability between facial parts,
ICPR04(I: 350-353).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Jain, A.K., Huang, J.,
Integrating independent components and support vector machines for gender classification,
ICPR04(III: 558-561).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef
And:
Integrating independent components and linear discriminant analysis for gender classification,
AFGR04(159-163).
IEEE Abstract. 0411
BibRef

Liu, Y., Mitra, S.,
A Quantified Study of Facial Asymmetry and Gender Difference,
CMU-RI-TR-03-09, April, 2003.
HTML Version. 0306
BibRef

Sun, Z.H.[Ze-Hang], Bebis, G.N., Yuan, X.J.[Xiao-Jing], Louis, S.J.,
Genetic feature subset selection for gender classification: A comparison study,
WACV02(165-170).
IEEE Abstract. 0303
BibRef

Graf, A.B.A.[Arnulf B.A.], Wichmann, F.A.[Felix A.],
Gender Classification of Human Faces,
BMCV02(491 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
BibRef

Gutta, S., Wechsler, H., Phillips, P.J.,
Gender and Ethnic Classification of Face Images,
AFGR98(194-199).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9800

Chapter on Face Recognition, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Face Analysis -- Find and Use Features, Facial Features .