21.2.6.3 Finding Facial Features -- Eye Detection

Yuille, A.L.,
Deformable Templates for Face Recognition,
CogNeuro(3), No. 1, 1991, pp. 59-70. Snakes. BibRef 9100

Yuille, A.L., Cohen, D.S., and Hallinan, P.W.,
Feature Extraction from Faces Using Deformable Templates,
IJCV(8), No. 2, August 1992, pp. 99-111.
Springer DOI Link BibRef 9208
Earlier: CVPR89(104-109).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. Golbal features. BibRef

Lipson, P.R., Yuille, A.L., O'Keeffe, D., Cavanaugh, J., Taaffe, J., Rosenthal, D.,
Deformable templates for feature extraction from medical images,
ECCV90(413-417).
Springer DOI Link 9004
BibRef

Hallinan, P.W.[Peter W.],
Recognizing Human Eyes,
SPIE(1570), 1991, pp. 214-226. BibRef 9100

Stringa, L.,
Eyes Detection for Face Recognition,
AppAI(7), 1993, pp. 365-382. BibRef 9300

Xie, X., Sudhakar, R., Zhuang, H.,
On Improving Eye Feature Extraction Using Deformable Templates,
PR(27), No. 6, June 1994, pp. 791-799.
WWW Version. BibRef 9406

Jia, X.G.[Xiao-Guang], Nixon, M.S.[Mark S.],
Extending The Feature Vector For Automatic Face Recognition,
PAMI(17), No. 12, December 1995, pp. 1167-1176.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Fourier Descriptors. Walsh Transform. Moments. Extract the features of the face (eyes, etc.) to recognize the face. Describes these features using Walsh, Fourier, and moments, along with geometric measurements. BibRef 9512

Deng, J.Y., Lai, F.P.,
Region-Based Template Deformation and Masking for Eye-Feature Extraction and Description,
PR(30), No. 3, March 1997, pp. 403-419.
WWW Version. 9705
BibRef

Lam, K.M.[Kin-Man], Yan, H.[Hong],
An Analytic to Holistic Approach for Face Recognition Based on a Single Frontal View,
PAMI(20), No. 7, July 1998, pp. 673-686.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9808
Uses 40 frontal view faces. 15 feature points, estimate the head model and find rotation. And use correlation of features (eyes, etc.) with stored models. 84% recognition. BibRef

Lam, K.M., Yan, H.,
Fast Algorithm for Locating Head Boundaries,
JEI(3), No. 4, 1994, pp. 351-359. See also Locating and Extracting the Eye in Human Face Images. BibRef 9400

Sakalli, M., Yan, H.,
Feature Based Compression of Human Face Images,
OptEang(37), No. 5, May 1998, pp. 1520-1529. 9806
BibRef

Sakalli, M.[Mustafa], Yan, H.[Hong], Lam, K.M.[Kin-Man], Kondo, T.,
Model-Based Multi-Stage Compression of Human Face Images,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1278-1280).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Feng, G.C.[Guo Can], Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.],
Variance Projection Function and its Application to Eye Detection for Human Face Recognition,
PRL(19), No. 9, 31 July 1998, pp. 899-906. BibRef 9807
Earlier: A2, A1:
Automatic Eye Detection for Human Identification,
SCIA97(xx-yy) 9705

HTML Version. BibRef

Feng, G.C.[Guo Can], Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.],
Multi-cues eye detection on gray intensity image,
PR(34), No. 5, May 2001, pp. 1033-1046.
WWW Version. 0102
BibRef

Huang, J., Wechsler, H.,
Eye Detection Using Optimal Wavelet Packets and Radial Basis Functions (RBFs),
PRAI(13), No. 7, November 1999, pp. 1009. 0005
BibRef
And:
Eye Location Using Genetic Algorithms,
AVBPA99(xx-yy). BibRef

Sakamoto, S.[Shizuo],
Red-eye detection/retouch apparatus,
US_Patent5,990,973, Nov 23, 1999
WWW Version. BibRef 9911

Suzuki, H.[Hiroyoshi],
Apparatus for processing an image of a face,
US_Patent5,859,921, Jan 12, 1999
WWW Version. BibRef 9901

Jiang, X.Y.[Xiao-Yi], Binkert, M., Achermann, B., Bunke, H.[Horst],
Towards Detection of Glasses in Facial Images,
MVA(11), No. 6, 2000, pp. 9-18.
HTML Version. 0005
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR98(Vol II: 1071-1073).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

McKendall, R.A.[Raymond A.],
Method of verifying the presence of an eye in a close-up image,
US_Patent6,028,949, Feb 22, 2000
WWW Version. BibRef 0002

Suzaki, M.[Masahiko],
Eye image recognition method, eye image selection method and system therefor,
US_Patent6,307,954, October 23, 2001.
WWW Version. Find pupil in small block. BibRef 0110

Schildkraut, J.S.[Jay S.], Gray, R.T.[Robert T.],
Computer program product for redeye detection,
US_Patent6,252,976, Jun 26, 2001
WWW Version. BibRef 0106

Li, Y.[Ying], Qi, X.L.[Xiang-Lin], Wang, Y.J.[Yun-Jiu],
Eye detection by using fuzzy template matching and feature-parameter-based judgement,
PRL(22), No. 10, August 2001, pp. 1111-1124.
HTML Version. 0108
BibRef

Ryu, Y.S.[Yeon-Sik], Oh, S.Y.[Se-Young],
Automatic extraction of eye and mouth fields from a face image using eigenfeatures and multilayer perceptrons,
PR(34), No. 12, December 2001, pp. 2459-2466.
WWW Version. 0110
BibRef

Smeraldi, F., Bigun, J.,
Retinal vision applied to facial features detection and face authentication,
PRL(23), No. 4, February 2002, pp. 463-475.
HTML Version. 0202
BibRef

Smeraldi, F.[Fabrizio],
A Nonparametric Approach to Face Detection Using Ranklets,
AVBPA03(351-359).
HTML Version. 0310
BibRef

Smeraldi, F.,
Ranklets: orientation selective non-parametric features applied to face detection,
ICPR02(III: 379-382).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Xue, Z.[Zhong], Li, S.Z.[Stan Z.], Teoh, E.K.[Eam Khwang],
Bayesian shape model for facial feature extraction and recognition,
PR(36), No. 12, December 2003, pp. 2819-2833.
WWW Version. 0310
BibRef
Earlier:
Facial Feature Extraction and Image Warping Using PCA Based Statistic Model,
ICIP01(II: 689-692).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108
BibRef

Wu, C.Y.[Chen-Yu], Liu, C.[Ce], Shum, H.Y.[Heung-Yueng], Xu, Y.Q.[Ying-Qing], Zhang, Z.Y.[Zheng-You],
Automatic eyeglasses removal from face images,
PAMI(26), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 322-336.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0402
Intelligent image editing and face synthesis. BibRef

Zhou, Z.H.[Zhi-Hua], Geng, X.[Xin],
Projection functions for eye detection,
PR(37), No. 5, May 2004, pp. 1049-1056.
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Zheng, Z.L.[Zhong-Long], Yang, J.[Jie], Yang, L.M.[Li-Min],
A robust method for eye features extraction on color image,
PRL(26), No. 14, 15 October 2005, pp. 2252-2261.
WWW Version. 0510
BibRef

Du, C.[Cheng], Su, G.D.[Guang-Da],
Eyeglasses removal from facial images,
PRL(26), No. 14, 15 October 2005, pp. 2215-2220.
WWW Version. 0510
BibRef

Park, J.S.[Jeong-Seon], Oh, Y.H.[You Hwa], Ahn, S.C.[Sang Chul], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Glasses Removal from Facial Image Using Recursive Error Compensation,
PAMI(27), No. 5, May 2005, pp. 805-811.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0501
BibRef
Earlier:
Glasses Removal from Facial Image Using Recursive PCA Reconstruction,
AVBPA03(369-376).
HTML Version. 0310
Detect regions with the glasses, reconstruct natural facial image. Intended for facial recognition -- remove glasses then recognize. BibRef

Du, G.,
Eye location method based on symmetry analysis and high-order fractal feature,
VISP(153), No. 1, February 2006, pp. 11-16.
WWW Version. 0602
BibRef

Song, J.[Jiatao], Chi, Z.[Zheru], Liu, J.L.[Ji-Lin],
A robust eye detection method using combined binary edge and intensity information,
PR(39), No. 6, June 2006, pp. 1110-1125.
WWW Version. 0604
Binary edge images; Multi-resolution face analysis; Light dots BibRef

Moriyama, T., Kanade, T., Xiao, J.[Jing], Cohn, J.F.,
Meticulously Detailed Eye Region Model and Its Application to Analysis of Facial Images,
PAMI(28), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 738-752.
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0604
BibRef

Moriyama, T.[Tsuyoshi], Kanade, T.[Takeo],
Automated Individualization of Deformable Eye Region Model and Its Application to Eye Motion Analysis,
Biometrics07(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Wang, P.[Peng], Ji, Q.A.[Qi-Ang],
Multi-view face and eye detection using discriminant features,
CVIU(105), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 99-111.
WWW Version. 0702
BibRef
Earlier:
Learn Discriminant Features for Multi-View Face and Eye Detection,
CVPR05(I: 373-379).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
Multi-view face detection; Feature extraction; Recursive nonparametric discriminant analysis; Eye detection; AdaBoost BibRef

Wang, P.[Peng], Green, M.B., Ji, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Wayman, J.L.,
Automatic Eye Detection and Its Validation,
FRGC05(III: 164-164).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Danafar, S.[Somayeh], Sheikh, L.T.[Leila Taghavi], Targhi, A.T.[Alireza Tavakoli],
A method for eye detection based on SVD transforms,
IJIST(16), No. 5, 2006, pp. 222-229.
WWW Version. 0704
BibRef

Chen, Q.R.[Qin-Ran], Cham, W.K.[Wai-Kuen], Lee, K.K.[Kar-Kin],
Extracting eyebrow contour and chin contour for face recognition,
PR(40), No. 8, August 2007, pp. 2292-2300.
WWW Version. 0704
Eyebrow; Chin contour; Face recognition; Feature extraction BibRef

Chen, Q.R.[Qin-Ran], Cham, W.K.[Wai-Kuen], Tsui, H.T.,
A method for estimating and accurately extracting the eyebrow in human face image,
ICIP02(III: 793-796).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210
BibRef

Wang, Q.[Qiong], Yang, J.Y.[Jing-Yu],
Eye Detection in Facial Images with Unconstrained Background,
JPRR(1), No. 1, 2006, pp. 55-62.
PDF Version. BibRef 0600

Wang, Q.[Qiong], Zhao, C.X.[Chun-Xia], Yang, J.Y.[Jing-Yu],
Efficient Facial Feature Detection Using Entropy and SVM,
ISVC08(I: 763-771).
Springer DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Kroon, B.[Bart], Maas, S.M.P.[Sander M.P.], Boughorbel, S.[Sabri], Hanjalic, A.[Alan],
Eye localization in low and standard definition content with application to face matching,
CVIU(113), No. 8, August 2009, pp. 921-933.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0906
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A4, A2, Only:
Eye localization for face matching: is it always useful and under what conditions?,
CIVR08(379-388). 0807
Eye localization; Face matching; Face recognition; Face detection; Face registration; Local binary pattern; Experimentation BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A4, Only:
Accurate eye localization in low and standard definition content,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Singh, N.,
Face recognition by capturing eye illumination spot,
AIPR04(153-158).
IEEE DOI Link 0410
BibRef

Battiato, S.[Sebastiano], Guarnera, M.[Mirko], Meccio, T.[Tony], Messina, G.[Giuseppe],
Red Eye Detection through Bag-of-Keypoints Classification,
CIAP09(528-537).
Springer DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Tan, X.Y.[Xiao-Yang], Song, F.[Fengyi], Zhou, Z.H.[Zhi-Hua], Chen, S.C.[Song-Can],
Enhanced Pictorial Structures for precise eye localization under incontrolled conditions,
CVPR09(1621-1628).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Wang, J.[Jian], Zhao, H.L.[Hong-Lian],
Eye detection based on multi-angle template matching,
IASP09(241-244).
IEEE DOI Link 0904
BibRef

Kim, C.H.[Chung-Hoon], Turk, M.[Matthew], Choi, C.H.[Chong-Ho],
Biased discriminant analysis using composite vectors for eye detection,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Xu, C.[Cui], Zheng, Y.[Ying], Wang, Z.F.[Zeng-Fu],
Semantic feature extraction for accurate eye corner detection,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Zheng, Y.[Ying], Wang, Z.F.[Zeng-Fu],
Robust and precise eye detection based on locally selective projection,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Ferman, A.M.[A. Mufit],
Automatic detection of red-eye artifacts in digital color photos,
ICIP08(617-620).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Capodiferro, L., di Claudio, E.D., Jacovitti, G., Mangiatordi, F.,
Eye detection based on the polynomial Hermite expansion,
ICIP08(37-40).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Hadid, A., Heikkila, J.Y., Silven, O., Pietikainen, M.,
Face and Eye Detection for Person Authentication in Mobile Phones,
ICDSC07(101-108).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Teo, C.C.[Chuan Chin], Neo, H.F.[Han Foon], Teoh, A.B.J.[Andrew Beng Jin],
A study on partial face recognition of eye region,
ICMV07(46-49).
IEEE DOI Link 0712
BibRef

Pan, G.[Gang], Sun, L.[Lin], Wu, Z.H.[Zhao-Hui], Lao, S.H.[Shi-Hong],
Eyeblink-based Anti-Spoofing in Face Recognition from a Generic Webcamera,
ICCV07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Choi, I.H.[In-Ho], Kim, D.J.[Dai-Jin],
Eye Correction Using Correlation Information,
ACCV07(I: 698-707).
Springer DOI Link 0711
Correction of eye detection. BibRef

Jung, S.U.[Sung-Uk], Yoo, J.H.[Jang-Hee],
A Robust Eye Detection Method in Facial Region,
MIRAGE07(596-606).
Springer DOI Link 0703
BibRef

Huang, P.H.[Po-Hao], Chien, Y.C.[Yu-Chieh], Lai, S.H.[Shang-Hong],
Automatic Multi-Layer Red-Eye Detection,
ICIP06(2013-2016). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Campadelli, P., Lanzarotti, R., Lipori, G.,
Precise eye localization through a general-to-specific model definition,
BMVC06(I:187).
PDF Version. 0609
BibRef

Huang, Y.S.[Yea-Shuan], Cheng, H.Y.[Hao-Ying], Cheng, P.F.[Po-Feng], Tang, C.Y.[Cheng-Yuan],
Face Detection with High Precision Based on Radial-Symmetry Transform and Eye-Pair Checking,
AVSBS06(62-62).
IEEE DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Willamowski, J.[Jutta], Csurka, G.[Gabriela],
Probabilistic Automatic Red Eye Detection and Correction,
ICPR06(III: 762-765).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Zhang, X.M.[Xing-Ming], Zhan, H.[Huangyuan],
An Illumination Independent Eye Detection Algorithm,
ICPR06(I: 392-395).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Bai, L.[Li], Shen, L.L.[Lin-Lin], Wang, Y.[Yan],
A Novel Eye Location Algorithm based on Radial Symmetry Transform,
ICPR06(III: 511-514).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Jin, L.Z.[Li-Zuo], Yuan, X.H.[Xiao-Hui], Satoh, S.[Shin'Ichi], Li, J.X.[Jiu-Xian], Xia, L.Z.[Liang-Zheng],
A hybrid classifier for precise and robust eye detection,
ICPR06(IV: 731-735).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Zhao, S.[Shuyan], Grigat, R.R.[Rolf-Rainer],
Robust Eye Detection under Active Infrared Illumination,
ICPR06(IV: 481-484).
WWW Version. 0609
See also Multiblock-fusion scheme for face recognition. BibRef

Wu, J.W.[Jun-Wen], Trivedi, M.M.[Mohan M.],
A Binary Tree for Probability Learning in Eye Detection,
FRGC05(III: 170-170).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
See also two-stage head pose estimation framework and evaluation, A. BibRef

Everingham, M.[Mark], Zisserman, A.[Andrew],
Regression and Classification Approaches to Eye Localization in Face Images,
FGR06(441-448).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Kuo, P., Hannah, J.,
An Improved Eye Feature Extraction Algorithm Based on Deformable Templates,
ICIP05(II: 1206-1209).
IEEE DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Wang, J.W.[Jing-Wein], Kuo, C.C.[Chin-Chun],
A Robust Two Stage Approach for Eye Detection,
CIAP05(431-437).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Belaroussi, R.[Rachid], Prevost, L.[Lionel], Milgram, M.[Maurice],
Classifier Combination for Face Localization in Color Images,
CIAP05(1043-1050).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Milgram, M.[Maurice], Belaroussi, R.[Rachid], Prevost, L.[Lionel],
Multi-stage Combination of Geometric and Colorimetric Detectors for Eyes Localization,
CIAP05(1010-1017).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

McHenry, K.[Kenton], Ponce, J.[Jean], Forsyth, D.A.[David A.],
Finding Glass,
CVPR05(II: 973-979).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
Specific models. BibRef

Nishino, K.[Ko], Belhumeur, P.N.[Peter N.], Nayar, S.K.[Shree K.],
Using Eye Reflections for Face Recognition Under Varying Illumination,
ICCV05(I: 519-526).
IEEE DOI Link 0510
BibRef

Wang, H.S.[Hao-Shu], Flynn, P.J.[Patrick J.],
Experimental Evaluation of Eye Location Accuracies and Time-Lapse Effects on Face Recognition Systems,
AVBPA05(627).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Min, J.[Jaesik], Bowyer, K.W.[Kevin W.], Flynn, P.J.[Patrick J.],
Eye Perturbation Approach for Robust Recognition of Inaccurately Aligned Faces,
AVBPA05(41).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Xiao, Y.[Yi], Yan, H.[Hong],
Extraction of Glasses in Human Face Images,
ICBA04(214-220).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Gaubatz, M., Ulichney, R.,
Automatic red-eye detection and correction,
ICIP02(I: 804-807).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210
BibRef

Joffe, S.,
Red eye detection with machine learning,
ICIP03(II: 871-874).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312
BibRef

Zhang, L.[Lei], Sun, Y.[Yanftng], Li, M.J.[Ming-Jing], Zhang, H.J.[Hong-Jiang],
Automated red-eye detection and correction in digital photographs,
ICIP04(IV: 2363-2366).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Hammal, Z., Caplier, A.,
Eyes and eyebrows parametric models for automatic segmentation,
Southwest04(138-141).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
BibRef

Ma, Y.[Yong], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wang, Z.[Zhenger], Wang, N.[Ning],
Robust precise eye location under probabilistic framework,
AFGR04(339-344).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
BibRef

Wu, B.[Bo], Ai, H.Z.[Hai-Zhou], Liu, R.[Ran],
Glasses detection by boosting simple wavelet features,
ICPR04(I: 292-295).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

d'Orazio, T., Leo, M., Cicirelli, G., Distante, A.,
An algorithm for real time eye detection in face images,
ICPR04(III: 278-281).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Luo, H.[Huitao], Yen, J.[Jonathan], Tretter, D.[Dan],
An efficient automatic redeye detection and correction algorithm,
ICPR04(II: 883-886).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Kamgar-Parsi, B.[Behrooz], Kamgar-Parsi, B.[Behzad], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Synthetic Eyes,
AVBPA03(412-420).
HTML Version. 0310
Face/identity recognition/verification using only one eye and its associated eyebrow. BibRef

Camus, T.A., Wildes, R.P.,
Reliable and fast eye finding in close-up images,
ICPR02(I: 389-394).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Kumar, R.T., Raja, S.K., Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Eye detection using color cues and projection functions,
ICIP02(III: 337-340).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210
BibRef

Jing, Z., Mariani, R.,
Glasses Detection and Extraction by Deformable Contour,
ICPR00(Vol II: 933-936).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Matsakis, P., Wendling, L.,
Orbit and Sinus Classification Based on Force Histogram Computation,
ICPR00(Vol II: 451-454).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Kawaguchi, T.[Tsuyoshi], Hidaka, D.[Daisuke], Rizon, M.[Mohamed],
Robust Extraction of Eyes from Face,
ICPR00(Vol I: 1109-1114).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Kawaguchi, T., Hidaka, D., Rizon, M.,
Detection of Eyes from Human Faces by Hough Transform and Separability Filter,
ICIP00(Vol I: 49-52).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008
BibRef

Hjelmås, E., Wroldsen, J.,
Recognizing Faces from the Eyes Only,
SCIA99(Pattern Recognition). BibRef 9900

Saito, Y.[Yasuyuki], Kenmochi, Y.[Yukiko], Kotani, K.[Kazunori],
Extraction of a Symmetric Object for Eyeglass Face Analysis Using Active Contour Model,
ICIP00(Vol II: 231-234).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008
BibRef
Earlier:
Estimation of Eyeglassless Facial Images Using Principal Component Analysis,
ICIP99(IV:197-201).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef

Benn, D.E., Nixon, M.S., Carter, J.N.,
Extending Concentricity Analysis by Deformable Templates for Improved Eye Extraction,
AVBPA99(xx-yy). BibRef 9900

Mariani, R.,
Subpixellic eyes detection,
CIAP99(496-501).
IEEE DOI Link 9909
BibRef

Lee, H.J., Sim, D.G., Park, R.H.,
Relaxation Algorithm for Detection of Face Outline and Eye Locations,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Huang, W.M.[Wei-Min], Sun, Q.B.[Qi-Bin], Lam, C.P.[Chian-Prong], Wu, J.K.[Jian-Kang],
A Robust Approach to Face and Eyes Detection from Images with Cluttered Background,
ICPR98(Vol I: 110-113).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Sun, Q.B., Huang, W.M., Wu, J.K.,
Face Detection Based on Color and Local Symmetry Information,
AFGR98(130-135).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9800

Patti, A., Konstantinides, K., Tretter, D., Lin, Q.[Qian],
Automatic digital redeye reduction,
ICIP98(III: 55-59).
IEEE DOI Link 9810
BibRef

Mukaigawa, Y.[Yasuhiro], Ohta, Y.[Yuichi],
Description of Eye Figure with Small Parameters,
ICIP96(III: 503-506).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9600

Kothari, R.[Ravi], Mitchell, J.,
Detection of Eye Locations in Unconstrained Visual Images,
ICIP96(III: 519-522).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9600

Chapter on Face Recognition, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Finding Facial Features -- Ear Detection and Recognition .