21.2.7 Finding Faces in Images, Face Detection

FotoNation,
1997.
WWW Version. Vendor, Face Detection. Primarily Camera embedded products such as dust detection and removal, red-eye removal and face detection and tracking.

Face Sensing Engine,
2001.
WWW Version. Vendor, Face Detection. A part of Oki Electric. Face detection for digital cameras.

BetaFace: Face Detection and Recognition,
2001.
WWW Version. Vendor, Face Detection. Face detection for multimedia content.

Keren, D.[Daniel], Osadchy, M.[Margarita], Gotsman, C.[Craig],
Antifaces: A Novel, Fast Method for Image Detection,
PAMI(23), No. 7, July 2001, pp. 747-761.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0108 BibRef
Earlier:
Anti-Faces for Detection,
ECCV00(I: 134-148).
WWW Version. 0003Series of filters with small values (hence anti-) on the sample, and large values elsewhere. Apply detectors in sequence. BibRef

Osadchy, M.[Margarita], Le Cun, Y.[Yann], Miller, M.L.[Matthew L.],
Synergistic Face Detection and Pose Estimation with Energy-Based Models,
CLOR06(196-206).
WWW Version. 0711 BibRef

Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan], Kriegman, D.J.[David J.], Ahuja, N.[Narendra],
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey,
PAMI(24), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 34-58.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0201 Survey, Face Detection. Survey of different factors and scopes. BibRef

Hjelmås, E.[Erik], Low, B.K.[Boon Kee],
Face Detection: A Survey,
CVIU(83), No. 3, September 2001, pp. 236-274.
WWW Version. 0110 Evaluation, Face Detection. Survey, Face Detection. Classify algorithms as feature-based or image-based. No standardized tests so no comparative evaluation, unless data from the original authors. BibRef

Samil, A., and Iyengar, P.A.,
Human Face Detection Using Silhouettes,
PRAI(9), 1995, pp. 845-867. BibRef 9500

Govindaraju, V.,
Locating Human Faces in Photographs,
IJCV(19), No. 2, August 1996, pp. 129-146. 9609 BibRef

Govindaraju, V., Srihari, S.N., Sher, D.B.,
A computational model for face location,
ICCV90(718-721).
WWW Version. 0403 BibRef

Govindaraju, V., Sher, D.B., Srihari, R.K., and Srihari, S.N.,
Locating Human Faces in Newspaper Photographs,
CVPR89(549-554).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. Recognize Faces. Given a model of how a face appears in a photo, find it. BibRef 8900

Arbuckle, T.D.[Thomas D.],
Method of recognizing images of faces or general images using fuzzy combination of multiple resolutions,
US_Patent5,842,194, November 24, 1998.
WWW Version. BibRef 9811

Dai, Y., Nakano, Y.,
Recognition of Facial Images with Low-Resolution Using a Hopfield Memory Model,
PR(31), No. 2, February 1998, pp. 159-167.
WWW Version. 9802 BibRef

Tankus, A., Yeshurun, Y., Intrator, N.,
Face Detection By Direct Convexity Estimation,
PRL(18), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 913-922. 9801 BibRef

Sakamoto, S., Cox, I.J., Tajima, J.,
A Multiple-Base-Line Stereo for Precise Human Face Acquisition,
PRL(18), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 923-931. 9801 BibRef

Miao, J.[Jun], Yin, B.C.[Bao-Cai], Wang, K.Q.[Kong-Qiao], Shen, L.S.[Lan-Sun], Chen, X.[Xuecun],
A hierarchical multiscale and multiangle system for human face detection in a complex background using gravity-center template,
PR(32), No. 7, July 1999, pp. 1237-1248.
WWW Version. BibRef 9907

Kondo, T.[Toshiaki], Yan, H.[Hong],
Automatic human face detection and recognition under non-uniform illumination,
PR(32), No. 10, October 1999, pp. 1707-1718.
WWW Version. BibRef 9910

Jonsson, K., Matas, J., Kittler, J.V., Haberl, S.,
Saliency-Based Robust Correlation for Real-time Face Registration and Verification,
BMVC98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Jonsson, K., Matas, J., Kittler, J.V.,
Learning Salient Features For Real-Time Face Verification,
AVBPA99(xx-yy). BibRef 9900

Han, C.C.[Chin-Chuan], Liao, H.Y.M.[Hong-Yuan Mark], Yu, G.J.[Gwo-Jong], Chen, L.H.[Liang-Hua],
Fast face detection via morphology-based pre-processing,
PR(33), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1701-1712.
WWW Version. 0006 BibRef
Earlier: CIAP97(II: 469-476).
WWW Version. 9709 BibRef

Wang, J.G.[Jian-Guo], Tan, T.N.[Tie-Niu],
A new face detection method based on shape information,
PRL(21), No. 6-7, June 2000, pp. 463-471. 0006 BibRef

Maio, D.[Dario], Maltoni, D.[Davide],
Real-time face location on gray-scale static images,
PR(33), No. 9, September 2000, pp. 1525-1539.
WWW Version. 0005 BibRef

Zhao, W.Y.[Wen-Yi], Bhat, D.[Dinkar], Nandhakumar, N., Chellappa, R.,
A reliable descriptor for face objects in visual content,
SP:IC(16), No. 1-2, September 2000, pp. 123-136.
WWW Version. 0008 BibRef

Rajagopalan, A.N., Kumar, K.S.[K. Sunil], Karlekar, J.[Jayashree], Manivasakan, R., Patil, M.M.[M. Milind], Desai, U.B., Poonacha, P.G., Chaudhuri, S.,
Locating Human Faces in a Cluttered Scene,
GM(62), No. 5, September 2000, pp. 323-342. 0010 BibRef
Earlier:
Finding Faces in Photographs,
ICCV98(640-645).
WWW Version. BibRef

Karlekar, J., Desai, U.B.,
Finding faces in color images using wavelet transform,
CIAP99(1085-1088).
WWW Version. 9909 BibRef

Rajagopalan, A.N., Chellappa, R.[Rama], Koterba, N.T.[Nathan T.],
Background Learning for Robust Face Recognition With PCA in the Presence of Clutter,
IP(14), No. 6, June 2005, pp. 832-843.
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef
Earlier:
Robust Face Recognition in the Presence of Clutter,
AVBPA03(1-9).
HTML Version. 0310 BibRef

Fleuret, F.[Francois], Geman, D.[Donald],
Coarse-to-Fine Face Detection,
IJCV(41), No. 1-2, January-February 2001, pp. 85-107.
WWW Version. 0105 BibRef

Chen, C.[Chichyang], Hsu, C.W.[Chiun-Wen], Lin, T.L.[Te-Lung],
Image prediction using face detection and triangulation,
PRL(22), No. 13, November 2001, pp. 1347-1357.
HTML Version. 0108 BibRef

Pham, T.V.[Thang V.], Worring, M.[Marcel], Smeulders, A.W.M.[Arnold W.M.],
Face detection by aggregated Bayesian network classifiers,
PRL(23), No. 4, February 2002, pp. 451-461.
HTML Version. 0202 BibRef

Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan], Kriegman, D.J.[David J.], Ahuja, N.[Narendra],
Face Detection Using Multimodal Density Models,
CVIU(84), No. 2, November 2001, pp. 264-284.
WWW Version. 0203 BibRef

Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan], Ahuja, N.[Narendra], Kriegman, D.J.[David J.],
Face Detection Using Mixtures of Linear Subspaces,
AFGR00(70-76).
WWW Version.
Postscript Version. 0003 BibRef
Earlier:
Face Recognition Using Kernel Eigenfaces,
ICIP00(Vol I: 37-40).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
PDF Version. 0008 BibRef
Earlier:
Face Detection using a Mixture of Factor Analyzers,
ICIP99(III:612-616).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
Postscript Version. BibRef

Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan],
Discriminant Isometric Mapping for Face Recognition,
CVS03(470 ff).
HTML Version. 0306 BibRef
Earlier:
Face recognition using extended isomap,
ICIP02(II: 117-120).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210 BibRef

Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan],
Kernel Eigenfaces vs. Kernel Fisherfaces: Face Recognition Using Kernel Methods,
AFGR02(205-211).
WWW Version. 0206 BibRef
Earlier:
Empirical Studies of Kernel Methods for Face Recognition,
EEMCV01(xx-yy). 0110 BibRef

Koh, L.H.[Lian Hock], Ranganath, S.[Surendra], Venkatesh, Y.V.,
An integrated automatic face detection and recognition system,
PR(35), No. 6, June 2002, pp. 1259-1273.
WWW Version. 0203 BibRef

Koh, L.H., Ranganath, S., Lee, M.W., Venkatesth, Y.V.,
An integrated face detection and recognition system,
CIAP99(532-537).
WWW Version. 9909 BibRef

Elad, M.[Michael], Hel-Or, Y.[Yacov], Keshet, R.[Renato],
Rejection based classifier for face detection,
PRL(23), No. 12, October 2002, pp. 1459-1471.
HTML Version. 0206 BibRef

Ayinde, O.[Olugbenga], Yang, Y.H.[Yee-Hong],
Region-based face detection,
PR(35), No. 10, October 2002, pp. 2095-2107.
WWW Version. 0206 BibRef

Muller, N.[Neil], Herbst, B.M.,
On the Use of SDF-Type Filters for Distortion Parameter Estimation,
PAMI(24), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 1521-1528.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0211 BibRef
Earlier:
On the Use of SDF-Type Filters for Distortion Invariant Image Location,
ICPR00(Vol III: 530-533).
HTML Version. 0009Study of discriminant functions ( See also Multivariant Techniques for Multiclass Pattern Recognition. ), applied to face location. BibRef

Wu, J.X.[Jian-Xin], Zhou, Z.H.[Zhi-Hua],
Efficient face candidates selector for face detection,
PR(36), No. 5, May 2003, pp. 1175-1186.
WWW Version. 0301 BibRef

Lewis, M.B.[Michael B.], Ellis, H.D.[Hadyn D.],
How we detect a face: A survey of psychological evidence,
IJIST(13), No. 1, 2003, pp. 3-7.
WWW Version. 0308 Survey, Face Detection. BibRef

Kouzani, A.Z.,
Locating human faces within images,
CVIU(91), No. 3, September 2003, pp. 247-279.
WWW Version. 0310 BibRef

Kouzani, A.Z.,
Lighting Normalisation for Face Recognition,
ICIP05(II: 930-933).
WWW Version. 0512 BibRef

Yang, G.Z.[Guang-Zheng], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Human face detection in a complex background,
PR(27), No. 1, January 1994, pp. 53-63.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef
Earlier:
Human face detection in a scene,
CVPR93(453-458).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef
Earlier:
Finding human faces in a picture,
CAIP93(766-769).
WWW Version. 9309 BibRef

Viola, P.A.[Paul A.], Jones, M.J.[Michael J.],
Robust Real-Time Face Detection,
IJCV(57), No. 2, May 2004, pp. 137-154.
WWW Version. 0402 BibRef
Earlier: ICCV01(II: 747).
WWW Version. 0106 BibRef
And:
Rapid Object Detection using a Boosted Cascade of Simple Features,
CVPR01(I:511-518).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0110Cascades of boosted ensembles. Landmark detection. Find the eyes, nose, mouth. BibRef

Xiao, R., Li, M.J., Zhang, H.J.,
Robust Multipose Face Detection in Images,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 31-41.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0402 BibRef

Liu, Z.[Zhi], Yang, J.[Jie], Peng, N.S.[Ning Song],
An efficient face segmentation algorithm based on binary partition tree,
SP:IC(20), No. 4, April 2005, pp. 295-314.
WWW Version. 0501 BibRef

Park, B.G.[Bo-Gun], Lee, K.M.[Kyoung-Mu], Lee, S.U.[Sang-Uk],
Face Recognition Using Face-ARG Matching,
PAMI(27), No. 12, December 2005, pp. 1982-1988.
WWW Version. 0512Attributed relational graphs. Match partial graphs to deal with expressions. BibRef

Jeon, B.H.[Byeong Hwan], Lee, S.U.[Sang Uk], Lee, K.M.[Kyoung Mu],
Face detection using the 1st-order RCE classifer,
ICIP02(II: 125-128).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210 BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
Rotation Invariant Face Detection Using a Model-Based Clustering Algorithm,
ICME00(TP10). 0007 BibRef

Kim, T.[Tae], Lee, K.M.[Kyoung Mu], Lee, S.U.[Sang Uk], Yim, C.H.[Chung-Hyuk],
Occlusion Invariant Face Recognition Using Two-Dimensional PCA,
VISAPP06(305-315).
WWW Version. 0711 BibRef

Oh, H.J.[Hyun Jun], Lee, K.M.[Kyoung Mu], Lee, S.U.[Sang Uk], Yim, C.H.[Chung-Hyuk],
Occlusion Invariant Face Recognition Using Selective LNMF Basis Images,
ACCV06(I:120-129).
WWW Version. 0601 BibRef

Colombo, A.[Alessandro], Cusano, C.[Claudio], Schettini, R.[Raimondo],
3D face detection using curvature analysis,
PR(39), No. 3, March 2006, pp. 444-455.
WWW Version. 0601 BibRef

Colombo, A.[Alessandro], Cusano, C.[Claudio], Schettini, R.[Raimondo],
Face^3 a 2D+3D Robust Face Recognition System,
CIAP07(393-398).
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Huang, L.L.[Lin-Lin], Shimizu, A.[Akinobu],
A multi-expert approach for robust face detection,
PR(39), No. 9, September 2006, pp. 1695-1703.
WWW Version. Keywords: Face detection; Pattern classifier; Multiple experts; Polynomial neural network classifier; Combination 0606 BibRef

Huang, L.L.[Lin-Lin], Shimizu, A.[Akinobu], Kobatake, H.,
A multi-expert approach for robust face detection,
ICPR04(III: 942-945).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Kadoury, S.[Samuel], Levine, M.D.[Martin D.],
Face detection in gray scale images using locally linear embeddings,
CVIU(105), No. 1, January 2007, pp. 1-20.
WWW Version. 0701 BibRef
Earlier:
Finding Faces in Gray Scale Images Using Locally Linear Embeddings,
CIVR06(221-230).
WWW Version. 0607Locally linear embedding; Machine learning; Support vector machines; Head pose; Illumination; Facial expression; Occlusion; Aging BibRef

Toews, M.[Matthew], Arbel, T.[Tal],
A Statistical Parts-Based Model of Anatomical Variability,
MedImg(26), No. 4, April 2007, pp. 497-508.
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Detecting, Localizing and Classifying Visual Traits from Arbitrary Viewpoints Using Probabilistic Local Feature Modeling,
AMFG07(154-167).
WWW Version. 0710 BibRef
Earlier:
Detection Over Viewpoint via the Object Class Invariant,
ICPR06(I: 765-768).
WWW Version. 0609Object class appearance. Learn relation between scale invariant image features and geometric structure. Faces, with appearance variations. BibRef

Toews, M.[Matthew], Arbel, T.[Tal],
Detecting and Localizing 3D Object Classes using Viewpoint Invariant Reference Frames,
ICCV07(1-8).
WWW Version. 0710 BibRef

You, Q.[Qubo], Zheng, N.N.[Nan-Ning], Du, S.Y.[Shao-Yi], Wu, Y.[Yang],
Neighborhood Discriminant Projection for Face Recognition,
PRL(28), No. 10, 15 July 2007, pp. 1156-1163.
WWW Version. 0706 BibRef
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WWW Version. 0609Face recognition; Manifold learning; Within-class submanifold; Between-class submanifold; Linear subspace BibRef

Chen, J.[Jie], Wang, R.P.[Rui-Ping], Yan, S., Shan, S.G.[Shi-Guang], Chen, X., Gao, W.[Wen],
Enhancing Human Face Detection by Resampling Examples Through Manifolds,
SMC-A(37), No. 6, November 2007, pp. 1017-1028.
WWW Version. 0709 BibRef

Wang, R.P.[Rui-Ping], Chen, J.[Jie], Shan, S.G.[Shi-Guang], Gao, W.[Wen],
Enhancing Training Set for Face Detection,
ICPR06(III: 477-480).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Wang, R.P.[Rui-Ping], Chen, J.[Jie], Yan, S.Y.[Sheng-Ye], Gao, W.[Wen],
Face Detection Based on the Manifold,
AVBPA05(208).
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Destrero, A.[Augusto], De Mol, C.[Christine], Odone, F.[Francesca], Verri, A.[Alessandro],
A Regularized Approach to Feature Selection for Face Detection,
ACCV07(II: 881-890).
WWW Version. 0711 BibRef

Telatar, Z.[Ziya], Saz, M.H.[Murat H.], Muhammad, I.[Irfan],
Neural Network Based Face Detection from Pre-scanned and Row-Column Decomposed Average Face Image,
ACIVS07(297-309).
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Lin, D.[Dahua], Tang, X.[Xiaoou],
Quality-Driven Face Occlusion Detection and Recovery,
CVPR07(1-7).
WWW Version. 0706 BibRef

Moeslund, T.B.[Thomas B.], Petersen, J.S.[Jess S.], Skalski, L.D.[Lasse D.],
Face Detection Using Multiple Cues,
SCIA07(51-60).
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Foucher, S., Gagnon, L.,
Automatic Detection and Clustering of Actor Faces based on Spectral Clustering Techniques,
CRV07(113-122).
WWW Version. 0705 BibRef

Shimanuki, H.[Hiroshi], Kato, J.[Jien], Watanabe, T.[Toyohide],
Analysis of Overlapping Faces for Constructing Paper-made Objects from Sketches,
ICPR06(I: 247-250).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Bauckhage, C.[Christian], Kaster, T.[Thomas],
Fast, Illumination Insensitive Face Detection Based on Multilinear Techniques and Curvature Features,
ICPR06(I: 507-510).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Bauckhage, C.[Christian], Tsotsos, J.K.[John K.],
Image Space I 3 and Eigen Curvature for Illumination Insensitive Face Detection,
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Beveridge, J.R.[J. Ross], Saraf, J.[Jilmil], Randall, B.[Ben],
A Comparison of Pixel, Edge and Wavelet Features for Face Detection using a Semi-Naive Bayesian Classifier,
ICPR06(III: 1175-1178).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Ryu, H.J.[Han-Jin], Yoon, J.C.[Ja-Cheon], Chun, S.S.[Seung Soo], Sull, S.H.[Sang-Hoon],
Coarse-to-Fine Classification for Image-Based Face Detection,
CIVR06(291-299).
WWW Version. 0607 BibRef

Ozkan, D.[Derya], Duygulu, P.[Pýnar],
A Graph Based Approach for Naming Faces in News Photos,
CVPR06(II: 1477-1482).
WWW Version. 0606 BibRef
And:
Finding People Frequently Appearing in News,
CIVR06(173-182).
WWW Version. 0607Associate text and face information. Reduce search by using only faces near when the name appears. Most similar subset is likely to be the person. BibRef

Wang, H.J.[Hai-Jing], Li, P.H.[Pei-Hua], Zhang, T.W.[Tian-Wen],
Histogram Features-Based Fisher Linear Discriminant for Face Detection,
ACCV06(II:521-530).
WWW Version. 0601 BibRef

Ou, Z.[Zongying], Tang, X.[Xusheng], Su, T.[Tieming], Zhao, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
Cascade AdaBoost Classifiers with Stage Optimization for Face Detection,
ICB06(121-128).
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Hayashi, S.[Shinji], Hasegawa, O.[Osamu],
A Detection Technique for Degraded Face Images,
CVPR06(II: 1506-1512).
WWW Version. 0606 BibRef
Earlier:
Detecting Faces from Low-Resolution Images,
ACCV06(I:787-796).
WWW Version. 0601 BibRef
Earlier:
Face Detection in Low-Resolution Images,
ISVC05(199-206).
WWW Version. 0512 BibRef

Malagon-Borja, L.[Luis], Fuentes, O.[Olac],
An Object Detection System using Image Reconstruction with PCA,
CRV05(2-8).
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Ramirez, G.A.[Geovany A.], Fuentes, O.[Olac],
Face Detection Using Combinations of Classifiers,
CRV05(610-615).
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Yang, M.[Ming], Wu, Y.[Ying], Crenshaw, J.[James], Augustine, B.[Bruce], Mareachen, R.[Russell],
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Demirkir, C.[Cem], Sankur, B.[Bülent],
Face Detection Using Look-Up Table Based Gentle AdaBoost,
AVBPA05(339).
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Huang, X.[Xiaoyu], Li, L.Y.[Li-Yuan], Sim, T.,
Stereo-based human head detection from crowd scenes,
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Hotta, K.,
A robust face detector under partial occlusion,
ICIP04(I: 597-600).
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Nanni, L.[Loris], Franco, A.[Annalisa], Cappelli, R.[Raffalele],
Towards a Robust Face Detector,
BioAW04(57-69).
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Sochman, J., Matas, J.,
Adaboost with totally corrective updates for fast face detection,
AFGR04(445-450).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411 BibRef

Feng, Y.[Yuanjian], Shi, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
Face detection based on kernel fisher discriminant analysis,
AFGR04(381-384).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411 BibRef

Le, D.D., Satoh, S.,
Multi-Stage Approach to Fast Face Detection,
BMVC05(xx-yy).
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Jin, L.[Lizuo], Satoh, S., Sakauchi, M.,
A novel adaptive image enhancement algorithm for face detection,
ICPR04(IV: 843-848).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Berg, T.L., Berg, A.C., Edwards, J., Maire, M., White, R., Teh, Y.W.[Yee-Whye], Learned-Miller, E., Forsyth, D.A.,
Names and faces in the news,
CVPR04(II: 848-854).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0408 BibRef

Lin, Y.Y.[Yen-Yu], Liu, T.L.[Tyng-Luh],
Robust Face Detection with Multi-Class Boosting,
CVPR05(I: 680-687).
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Lin, Y.Y.[Yen-Yu], Liu, T.L.[Tyng-Luh], Fuh, C.S.[Chiou-Shann],
Fast Object Detection with Occlusions,
ECCV04(Vol I: 402-413).
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Marchesotti, L., Marcenaro, L., Regazzoni, C.,
Dual camera system for face detection in unconstrained environments,
ICIP03(I: 681-684).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312 BibRef

Lu, X.F.[Xiao-Feng], Zheng, N.N.[Nan-Ning], Zheng, S.F.[Song-Feng],
Linear sparse feature based face detection in gray images,
ICIP03(III: 889-892).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312 BibRef

Choi, J.M.[Jong-Moo], Yi, J.H.[June-Ho],
A Two-Stage Dimensional Reduction Approach to Low-Dimensional Representation of Facial Images,
ICBA04(131-138).
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Choi, J.M.[Jong-Moo], Lee, S.H.[Sang-Hoon], Lee, C.[Chilgee], Yi, J.H.[June-Ho],
PrimeEye: A Real-Time Face Detection and Recognition System Robust to Illumination Changes,
AVBPA01(360).
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Fröba, B.[Bernhard], Ernst, A.[Andreas],
Fast Frontal-View Face Detection Using a Multi-path Decision Tree,
AVBPA03(921-928).
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Fröba, B.[Bernhard], Külbeck, C.[Christian],
Real-Time Face Detection Using Edge-Orientation Matching,
AVBPA01(78).
HTML Version. 0310 BibRef

Dass, S.C.[Sarat C.], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Markov Face Models,
ICCV01(II: 680-687).
WWW Version. 0106 BibRef

Dass, S.C., Jain, A.K., Lu, X.,
Face Detection and Synthesis Using Markov Random Field Models,
ICPR02(IV: 201-204).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Araki, Y., Shimada, N., Shirai, Y.,
Detection of faces of various directions in complex backgrounds,
ICPR02(I: 409-412).
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Zhu, Y.[Ying], Schwartz, S.[Stuart],
Efficient face detection with multiscale sequential classification,
ICIP02(II: 121-124).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210 BibRef

Zhu, Y.[Ying], Schwartz, S.[Stuart], Orchard, M.[Michael],
Fast Face Detection using Subspace Discriminant Wavelet Features,
CVPR00(I: 636-642).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0005 BibRef

Kurita, T., Taguchi, T.,
A Modification of Kernel-Based Fisher Discriminant Analysis for Face Detection,
AFGR02(285-290).
WWW Version. 0206 BibRef

Torralba, A.[Antonio], Sinha, P.[Pawan],
Detecting Faces in Impoverished Images,
MIT AIM-2001-028, November 2001.
WWW Version. 0205 BibRef

Yang, M.H., Roth, D., Ahuja, N.,
Face Detection Using Large Margin Classifiers,
ICIP01(II: 665-668).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Jesorsky, O.[Oliver], Kirchberg, K.J.[Klaus J.], Frischholz, R.W.[Robert W.],
Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance,
AVBPA01(90-95).
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Rihan, J.[Jonathan], Kohli, P.[Pushmeet], Torr, P.H.S.[Philip H. S.],
OBJCUT for Face Detection,
ICCVGIP06(576-584).
WWW Version. 0612 BibRef

Romdhani, S.[Sami], Torr, P.H.S.[Phil H.S.], Scholkopf, B.[Bernhard], Blake, A.[Andrew],
Computationally Efficient Face Detection,
ICCV01(II: 695-700).
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Schneiderman, H.[Henry],
Learning Statistical Structure for Object Detection,
CAIP03(434-441).
WWW Version. 0311 BibRef
Earlier:
A Statistical Approach to 3D Object Detection Applied to Faces and Cars,
CMU-RI-TR-00-06, May 2000. BibRef Ph.D.Thesis. CMU. 0102 BibRef

Schneiderman, H.[Henry], Kanade, T.[Takeo],
A Statistical Method for 3D Object Detection Applied to Faces and Cars,
CVPR00(I: 746-751).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0005 BibRef
And:
A Histogram-based Method for Detection of Faces and Cars,
ICIP00(Vol III: 504-507).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef
And:
Frontal Face Images,

WWW Version. Dataset, Faces. Combined CMU MIT face dataset. BibRef

Howell, A.J.[A. Jonathan], Buxton, H.[Hilary],
Face Detection and Attentional Frames for Visually Mediated Interaction,
HUMO00(143-148).
IEEE Top Reference. 0010 See also Gesture Recognition for Visually Mediated Interaction. BibRef

Meng, L., Nguyen, T.,
Two Subspace Methods to Discriminate Faces and Clutters,
ICIP00(Vol II: 215-218).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Vogelhuber, V.[Veronika], Schmid, C.[Cordelia],
Face Detection Based on Generic Local Descriptors and Spatial Constraints,
ICPR00(Vol I: 1084-1087).
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Gu, Q., Li, S.Z.,
Combining Feature Optimization Into Neural Network Based Face Detection,
ICPR00(Vol II: 814-817).
WWW Version.
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Kurita, T., Tanaka, M., Hotta, K., Shimai, H., Mishima, T.,
Efficient Face Detection from News Images by Adaptive Estimation of Prior Probabilities and Ising Search,
ICPR00(Vol II: 917-920).
WWW Version.
WWW Version.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Fouad, M.A., Darwish, A.M., Bayoumi, F., Shaheen, S.I.,
Model-Based Human Face Detection in Unconstrained Scenes,
ICIP00(Vol II: 227-230).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Tsapatsoulis, N., Avrithis, Y.S., Kollias, S.D.,
Efficient Face Detection for Multimedia Applications,
ICIP00(Vol II: 247-250).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Lv, X.G.[Xiao-Guang], Zhou, J.[Jie], Zhang, C.S.[Chang-Shui],
A Novel Algorithm for Rotated Human Face Detection,
CVPR00(I: 760-765).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0005 BibRef

Meng, L.[Lingmin], Nguyen, T.Q.[Truong Q.], Castañon, D.A.[David A.],
An Image-based Bayesian Framework for Face Detection,
CVPR00(I: 302-307).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0005 BibRef

Hotta, K., Kurita, T., Mishima, T.,
Scale Invariant Face Detection Method Using Higher-Order Local Autocorrelation Features Extracted from Log-Polar Image,
AFGR98(70-75).
WWW Version. BibRef 9800

Hotta, K.,
View-invariant face detection method based on local PCA cells,
CIAP03(57-62).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310 BibRef

Kim, S.H.[Sang-Hoon], Kim, H.G.[Hyoung-Gon],
Face Detection using Multi-modal Information,
AFGR00(14-19).
WWW Version. 0003 BibRef

Ben-Yacoub, S., Fasel, B., Luttin, J.,
Fast Face Detection Using MLP and FFT,
AVBPA99(xx-yy). BibRef 9900

Tanaka, M.[Masaru], Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro], Kurita, T.[Takio], Mishima, T.[Taketoshi],
Dynamic Attention Map by Ising Model for Human Face Detection,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1044-1046).
WWW Version. 9808 BibRef

Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.], Colmenarez, A.J.[Antonio J.],
Pattern Detection with Information-Based Maximum Discrimination and Error Bootstrapping,
ICPR98(Vol I: 222-224).
WWW Version. 9808 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1: Colmenarez, A.J., Huang, T.S.,
Face Detection with Information Based Maximum Discrimination,
CVPR97(782-787).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9704 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Maximum likelihood face detection,
AFGR96(307-311).
WWW Version. 9610 BibRef

Qian, R.J., Huang, T.S.,
Object Detection Using Hierarchical MRF and MAP Estimation,
CVPR97(186-192).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9704Faces in single images using face templates. BibRef

Leroy, B., Herlin, I., Cohen, L.D.,
Face Identification by Deformation Measure,
ICPR96(III: 633-637).
WWW Version.
Postscript Version. 9608(INRIA, Rocquencourt, F) BibRef

Tanaka, H.T., Ikeda, M., Chiaki, H.,
Curvature-Based Face Surface Recognition Using Spherical Correlation-Principal Directions for Curved Object Recognition,
AFGR98(372-377).
WWW Version. BibRef 9800
Earlier: A1, A2 only: ICPR96(III: 638-642).
WWW Version. 9608(Ritsumeikan Univ., J). BibRef

Lew, M.S.,
Information theoretic view-based and modular face detection,
AFGR96(198-203).
WWW Version. 9610 BibRef

Lew, M.S., Huijsmanns, N.,
Information Theory and Face Detection,
ICPR96(III: 601-605).
WWW Version. 9608(Leiden Univ., NL) BibRef

Burl, M.C., Perona, P.,
Recognition of Planar Object Classes,
CVPR96(223-230).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Faces, using features (eyes, nose). BibRef 9600

Hoogenboom, R., Lew, M.S.,
Face detection using local maxima,
AFGR96(334-339).
WWW Version. 9610 BibRef

Huang, J., Gutta, S., Wechsler, H.,
Detection of human faces using decision trees,
AFGR96(248-252).
WWW Version. 9610 BibRef

Dai, Y., Nakano, Y., Miyao, H.,
Extraction of Facial Images from a Complex Background Using SGLD Matrices,
ICPR94(A:137-141).
WWW Version. BibRef 9400

Chapter on Face Recognition, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Localizing a Face in an Image, Face Localization .