21.4.2.7 Sign Language, ASL Recognition

Liddell, S.K., and Johnson, R.E.,
American Sign Language: The Phonological Base,
Sign Language Studies(64), 1989, pp. 195-277. BibRef 8900

Kawai, H.[Hideo], Tamura, S.[Shinichi],
Deaf-and-mute sign language generation system,
PR(18), No. 3-4, 1985, pp. 199-205.
WWW Version. 0309
BibRef

Loomis, J., Poizner, H., Bellugi, U., Blakemore, A., Hollerbach, J.,
Computer Graphic Modeling of American Sign Language,
Computer Graphics(17), No. 3, 1983, pp. 105-114. BibRef 8300

Abramatic, J.F., Letellier, P., Nadler, M.,
A Narrow-Band Video Communication System for the Transmission of Sign Language over Ordinary Telephone Lines,
ISPDSA83(314-346). BibRef 8300

Letellier, P., Nadler, M., Abramatic, J.F.,
The Telesign Project,
PIEEE(73), 1985, pp. 813-827. BibRef 8500

Sperling, G., Landy, M.S., Cohen, Y., and Pavel, M.,
Intelligible Encoding of ASL Image Sequences at Extremely Low Information Rates,
CVGIP(31), No. 3, September 1985, pp. 335-391.
WWW Version. BibRef 8509
And: Correction: CVGIP(35), No. 2, August 1986, pp. 274. Application, Sign Language. NYU, The various methods get to 80% intelligibility at 9600Baud. BibRef

Kim, J.S., Jang, W., Bien, Z.N.[Zeung-Nam],
A Dynamic Gesture Recognition System for the Korean Sign Language (KSL),
SMC-B(26), No. 2, April 1996, pp. 354-359.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9604

Dorner, B., Hagen, E.,
Towards An American Sign Language Interface,
AIR(8), No. 2-3, 1994, pp. 235-253. BibRef 9400

Tamura, S., Kawasaki, S.,
Recognition of Sign Language Motion Images,
PR(21), No. 4, 1988, pp. 343-353.
WWW Version. BibRef 8800

Huang, C.L.[Chung-Lin], Huang, W.Y.[Wen-Yi],
Sign Language Recognition Using Model-Based Tracking and a 3D Hopfield Neural-Network,
MVA(10), No. 5-6, April 1998, pp. 292-307.
HTML Version. 9805
BibRef

Huang, C.L.[Chung-Lin], Huang, W.Y.[Wen-Yi], Lien, C.C.[Cheng-Chang],
Sign language recognition using 3-D Hopfield neural network,
ICIP95(II: 611-614).
IEEE DOI Link 9510
BibRef

Starner, T.E., Weaver, J., Pentland, A.P.,
Real-Time American Sign Language Recognition Using Desk and Wearable Computer Based Video,
PAMI(20), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1371-1375.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9812
And: Vismod--466, July 1998.
HTML Version. BibRef
Earlier:
A Wearable Computing Based American Sign Language Recognizer,
Vismod--425, 1997.
Postscript Version. BibRef

Starner, T.E., Pentland, A.P.,
Visual Recognition of American Sign Language Using Hidden Markov Models,
AFGR95(XX-YY). Zurich. BibRef 9500

Starner, T.E., Pentland, A.P.,
Real-Time American Sign Language Recognition from Video Using Hidden Markov Models,
SCV95(265-270).
IEEE Top Reference. M.I.T. BibRef 9500

Starner, T.E.[Thad E.], and Pentland, A.P.[Alex P.],
Real-Time American Sign Language from Video Using Hidden Markov Models,
MBR97(Chapter 10), MIT. BibRef 9700

Tolba, A.S.,
Arabic Glove-Talk: A Communication Aid for Vocally Impaired,
PAA(1), No. 4, 1998, pp. 218-230. BibRef 9800

Cui, Y.T.[Yun-Tao], Weng, J.J.[John J.],
A Learning-Based Prediction-and-Verification Segmentation Scheme for Hand Sign Image Sequence,
PAMI(21), No. 8, August 1999, pp. 798-804.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9908
Earlier: MSUCPS-95-43, December 1995. BibRef
And:
Hand Segmentation Using Learning-Based Prediction and Verification for Hand-Sign Recognition,
CVPR96(88-93).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef
And:
View-Based Hand Segmentation and Hand-Sequence Recognition with Complex Backgrounds,
ICPR96(III: 617-621).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(Michigan State Univ., USA) BibRef

Cui, Y.T.[Yun-Tao], Weng, J. .J.Y.[J. Ju-Yang],
Appearance-Based Hand Sign Recognition from Intensity Image Sequences,
CVIU(78), No. 2, May 2000, pp. 157-176. 0005

WWW Version. BibRef
Earlier:
Hand sign recognition from intensity image sequences with complex backgrounds,
AFGR96(259-264).
IEEE DOI Link 9610
BibRef

Cui, Y.T.[Yun-Tao], Swets, D.L.[Daniel L.], Weng, J.J.[John J.],
Learning-Based Hand Sign Recognition Using SHOSLIF-M,
ICCV95(631-636).
IEEE DOI Link
WWW Version. Sign language recognition. BibRef 9500

Liebermann, R.[Raanan],
Telephone for the deaf and method of using same,
US_Patent5,982,853, Nov 9, 1999
WWW Version. Sign language. BibRef 9911

Vogler, C.[Christian], Metaxas, D.[Dimitris],
A Framework for Recognizing the Simultaneous Aspects of American Sign Language,
CVIU(81), No. 3, March 2001, pp. 358-384.
WWW Version. 0001
BibRef
Earlier:
Parallel Hidden Markov Models for American Sign Language Recognition,
ICCV99(116-122).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef
Earlier:
ASL Recognition Based on a Coupling Between HMMs and 3D Motion Analysis,
ICCV98(363-369).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Vogler, C.[Christian], Sun, H.[Harold], Metaxas, D.[Dimitris],
A Framework for Motion Recognition with Applications to American Sign Language and Gait Recognition,
HUMO00(33-38).
IEEE Top Reference. 0010
BibRef

Al-Jarrah, O.[Omar], Halawani, A.[Alaa],
Recognition of gestures in Arabic sign language using neuro-fuzzy systems,
AI(133), No. 1-2, December 2001, pp. 117-138.
WWW Version. 0201
BibRef

Bowden, R.[Richard], Sarhadi, M.[Mansoor],
A non-linear model of shape and motion for tracking finger spelt American sign language,
IVC(20), No. 9-10, August 2002, pp. 597-607.
WWW Version. 0208
BibRef
Earlier:
Building Temporal Models for Gesture Recognition,
BMVC00(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 0009
BibRef

Wu, C.H.[Chung-Hsien], Chiu, Y.H.[Yu-Hsien], Cheng, K.W.[Kung-Wei],
Error-tolerant sign retrieval using visual features and maximum a posteriori estimation,
PAMI(26), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 495-508.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403
Retrieve sign words from Taiwanese Sign Language database. BibRef

Chiu, Y.H.[Yu-Hsien], Wu, C.H.[Chung-Hsien], Su, H.Y.[Hung-Yu], Cheng, C.J.[Chih-Jen],
Joint Optimization of Word Alignment and Epenthesis Generation for Chinese to Taiwanese Sign Synthesis,
PAMI(29), No. 1, January 2007, pp. 28-39.
IEEE DOI Link 0701
Using CSL and TSL database. Generate video of the TSL from CSL. BibRef

Fang, G., Gao, W., Zhao, D.,
Large Vocabulary Sign Language Recognition Based on Fuzzy Decision Trees,
SMC-A(34), No. 3, May 2004, pp. 305-314.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0404
BibRef

Fang, G., Gao, W., Zhao, D.,
Large-Vocabulary Continuous Sign Language Recognition Based on Transition-Movement Models,
SMC-A(37), No. 1, January 2007, pp. 1-9.
IEEE DOI Link 0701
BibRef

Wang, Q.[Qi], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Zhang, L.G.[Liang-Guo], Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li], Gao, W.[Wen],
Viewpoint Invariant Sign Language Recognition,
CVIU(108), No. 1-2, October-November 2007, pp. 87-97.
WWW Version. 0710
BibRef
Earlier: ICIP05(III: 281-284).
IEEE DOI Link 0512
Sign language recognition; Viewpoint invariant recognition; Epipolar geometry; Fundamental matrix; Dempster-Shafer theory BibRef

Wang, Q.[Qi], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li], Gao, W.[Wen],
A Verification Method for Viewpoint Invariant Sign Language Recognition,
ICPR06(I: 456-459).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li], Gao, W.[Wen], Shan, S.G.[Shi-Guang],
An Approach Based on Phonemes to Large Vocabulary Chinese Sign Language Recognition,
AFGR02(393-398).
IEEE DOI Link 0206
BibRef

Gao, W.[Wen], Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li], Wu, J.Q.[Jiang-Qin],
A Continuous Chinese Sign Language Recognition System,
AFGR00(428-433).
IEEE DOI Link 0003
BibRef

Gao, W.[Wen], Fang, G.L.[Gao-Lin], Zhao, D.B.[De-Bin], Chen, Y.Q.A.[Yi-Qi-Ang],
A Chinese sign language recognition system based on SOFM/SRN/HMM,
PR(37), No. 12, December 2004, pp. 2389-2402.
WWW Version. 0409
BibRef

Gao, W.[Wen], Chen, Y.Q.A.[Yi-Qi-Ang], Fang, G.L.[Gao-Lin], Yang, C.S.[Chang-Sui], Jiang, D.L.[Da-Long], Ge, C.B.[Chun-Bao], Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li],
HandTalker II: a Chinese sign language recognition and synthesis system,
ICARCV04(I: 759-764).
IEEE DOI Link 0412
BibRef

Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Gao, W.[Wen],
A Comparison Between Etymon- and Word-Based Chinese Sign Language Recognition Systems,
GW05(84-87).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Jiang, F.[Feng], Gao, W.[Wen], Yao, H.X.[Hong-Xun], Zhao, D.B.[De-Bin], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin],
Synthetic data generation technique in Signer-independent sign language recognition,
PRL(30), No. 5, 1 April 2009, pp. 513-524.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0903
Signer-independent sign recognition; Synthetic data driving; Mean Shift; HMMs BibRef

Gao, W.[Wen], Fang, G.L.[Gao-Lin], Zhao, D.B.[De-Bin], Chen, Y.Q.A.[Yi-Qi-Ang],
Transition movement models for large vocabulary continuous sign language recognition,
AFGR04(553-558).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
BibRef

Fang, G.L.[Gao-Lin], Gao, W.[Wen],
A SRN/HMM system for signer-independent continuous sign language recognition,
AFGR02(297-302).
IEEE DOI Link 0206
BibRef

Habili, N., Lim, C.C., Moini, A.,
Segmentation of the Face and Hands in Sign Language Video Sequences Using Color and Motion Cues,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 8, August 2004, pp. 1086-1097.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0409
BibRef

Ong, S.C.W.[Sylvie C.W.], Ranganath, S.[Surendra],
Automatic sign language analysis: A survey and the future beyond lexical meaning,
PAMI(27), No. 6, June 2005, pp. 873-891.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0506
Survey, Gesture. Nonmanual signals and grammatical processes, which result in systematic variations in sign appearance, are integral to recognition. BibRef

Ong, S.C.W.[Sylvie C. W.], Ranganath, S.[Surendra],
A New Probabilistic Model for Recognizing Signs with Systematic Modulations,
AMFG07(16-30).
Springer DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Ong, S.C.W.[Sylvie C.W.], Ranganath, S.[Surendra],
Deciphering gestures with layered meanings and signer adaptation,
AFGR04(559-564).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
BibRef
Earlier:
Classification of Gesture with Layered Meanings,
GW03(239-246).
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Ong, S.C.W.[Sylvie C.W.], Ranganath, S.[Surendra], Venkatesh, Y.V.,
Understanding gestures with systematic variations in movement dynamics,
PR(39), No. 9, September 2006, pp. 1633-1648.
WWW Version. 0606
BibRef
Earlier:
Deciphering layered meaning in gestures,
ICPR02(III: 815-818).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
Bayesian networks; Classifier combination; Independent channels; Signer adaptation BibRef

Kong, W.W., Ranganath, S.[Surendra],
Signing Exact English (SEE): Modeling and recognition,
PR(41), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 1655-1669.
WWW Version. 0711
BibRef
Earlier:
3-D hand trajectory recognition for Signing Exact English,
AFGR04(535-540).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
Gesture recognition; Sign language recognition; Handshape recognition; Motion trajectory recognition; Linear discriminant analysis; Clustering; Vector quantization principal component analysis BibRef

Holden, E.J.[Eun-Jung], Lee, G.[Gareth], Owens, R.A.[Robyn A.],
Australian sign language recognition,
MVA(16), No. 5, December 2005, pp. 312-320.
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef
Earlier:
Automatic Recognition of Colloquial Australian Sign Language,
Motion05(II: 183-188).
WWW Version. 0502
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, Only:
Recognising moving hand shapes,
CIAP03(14-19).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310
BibRef
Earlier:
Visual Sign Language Recognition,
WTRCV01(270). 0103
BibRef

Goh, P., Holden, E.J.[Eun-Jung],
Dynamic Fingerspelling Recognition using Geometric and Motion Features,
ICIP06(2741-2744). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Assaleh, K.[Khaled], Al-Rousan, M.,
Recognition of Arabic Sign Language Alphabet Using Polynomial Classifiers,
JASP(2005), No. 13, 2005, pp. 2136-2145.
WWW Version. 0603
BibRef

Shanableh, T., Assaleh, K., Al-Rousan, M.,
Spatio-Temporal Feature-Extraction Techniques for Isolated Gesture Recognition in Arabic Sign Language,
SMC-B(37), No. 3, June 2007, pp. 641-650.
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Shanableh, T., Assaleh, K.,
Telescopic Vector Composition and Polar Accumulated Motion Residuals for Feature Extraction in Arabic Sign Language Recognition,
JIVP(2007), 2007, pp. xx-yy.
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef

Agrafiotis, D.[Dimitris], Canagarajah, N.[Nishan], Bull, D.R.[David R.], Kyle, J.[Jim], Seers, H.[Helen], Dye, M.[Matthew],
A perceptually optimised video coding system for sign language communication at low bit rates,
SP:IC(21), No. 7, August 2006, pp. 531-549.
WWW Version. 0608
BibRef
Earlier:
A video coding system for sign language communication at low bit rates,
ICIP04(I: 441-444).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
Sign language video coding; Eye tracking; Foveated video coding; Rate control; H.264 BibRef

Bosworth, R.G.[Rain G.], Bartlett, M.S.[Marian Stewart], Dobkins, K.R.[Karen R.],
Image Statistics of American Sign Language: Comparison with Faces and Natural Scenes,
JOSA-A(23), No. 9, September 2006, pp. 2085-2096.
WWW Version. 0610
BibRef

Tsechpenakis, G.[Gabriel], Metaxas, D.[Dimitris], Neidle, C.[Carol],
Learning-based dynamic coupling of discrete and continuous trackers,
CVIU(103), No. 2-3, November-December 2006, pp. 140-156.
WWW Version. 0611
Model-based continuous tracking; Appearance-based discrete tracking; Coupling trackers; Data-driven tracking error; 3D hand tracking; Fingerspelling segmentation BibRef

Infantino, I., Rizzo, R., Gaglio, S.,
A Framework for Sign Language Sentence Recognition by Commonsense Context,
SMC-C(37), No. 5, September 2007, pp. 1034-1039.
IEEE DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Burger, T.[Thomas], Caplier, A.[Alice], Perret, P.[Pascal],
Cued Speech Gesture Recognition: A First Prototype Based on Early Reduction,
JIVP(2007), 2007, pp. xx-yy.
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef

Lichtenauer, J.F.[Jeroen F.], Hendriks, E.A.[Emile A.], Reinders, M.J.T.[Marcel J.T.],
Sign Language Recognition by Combining Statistical DTW and Independent Classification,
PAMI(30), No. 11, November 2008, pp. 2040-2046.
IEEE DOI Link 0809
DTW: Dynamic Time Warping. Use Statistical DTW ( See also Writer Independent Online Handwriting Recognition System Frog On Hand and Cluster Generative Statistical Dynamic Time Warping, The. ) for time warping only, other technique for classification. BibRef

Derpanis, K.G.[Konstantinos G.], Wildes, R.P.[Richard P.], Tsotsos, J.K.[John K.],
Definition and recovery of kinematic features for recognition of American sign language movements,
IVC(26), No. 12, 1 December 2008, pp. 1650-1662.
WWW Version. 0810
BibRef
Earlier:
Hand Gesture Recognition within a Linguistics-Based Framework,
ECCV04(Vol I: 282-296).
WWW Version. 0405
Gesture recognition; Motion estimation; Human computer interaction (HCI); Linguistics; American sign language (ASL) BibRef

Aran, O.[Oya], Burger, T.[Thomas], Caplier, A.[Alice], Akarun, L.[Lale],
A belief-based sequential fusion approach for fusing manual signs and non-manual signals,
PR(42), No. 5, May 2009, pp. 812-822.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0902
BibRef
Earlier:
Sequential Belief-Based Fusion of Manual and Non-manual Information for Recognizing Isolated Signs,
GW07(134-144).
Springer DOI Link 0705
Sign language recognition; Manual signs and non-manual; Hidden Markov models; Data fusion; Belief functions BibRef

Westly, E.,
Sign Language by Cellphone,
Spectrum(46), No. 3, March 2009, pp. 16-16.
IEEE DOI Link 0903
Discussion of an application. BibRef

Han, J.W.[Jun-Wei], Awad, G.[George], Sutherland, A.[Alistair],
Modelling and segmenting subunits for sign language recognition based on hand motion analysis,
PRL(30), No. 6, 15 April 2009, pp. 623-633.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0903
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
A Unified System for Segmentation and Tracking of Face and Hands in Sign Language Recognition,
ICPR06(I: 239-242).
WWW Version. 0609
Sign language recognition; Subunit; Phoneme; Hand motion; Dynamic time warping See also Hand tracking in bimanual movements. BibRef

Han, J.W.[Jun-Wei], Awad, G.[George], Sutherland, A.[Alistair],
Automatic skin segmentation and tracking in sign language recognition,
IET-CV(3), No. 1, March 2009, pp. 24-35.
WWW Version. 0905
BibRef

Nayak, S.[Sunita], Sarkar, S.[Sudeep], Loeding, B.[Barbara],
Distribution-Based Dimensionality Reduction Applied to Articulated Motion Recognition,
PAMI(31), No. 5, May 2009, pp. 795-810.
IEEE DOI Link 0903
BibRef
Earlier:
Unsupervised Modeling of Signs Embedded in Continuous Sentences,
VHCI05(III: 81-81).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
Frame wise transistions. Analyze trajectories. BibRef

Nayak, S.[Sunita], Sarkar, S.[Sudeep], Loeding, B.[Barbara],
Automated extraction of signs from continuous sign language sentences using Iterated Conditional Modes,
CVPR09(2583-2590).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Yang, R.[Ruiduo], Sarkar, S.[Sudeep],
Coupled grouping and matching for sign and gesture recognition,
CVIU(113), No. 6, June 2009, pp. 663-681.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0904
Grouping and segmentation; Gesture recognition; American Sign Language recognition; Hidden Markov Models BibRef

Yang, R.[Ruiduo], Sarkar, S.[Sudeep], Loeding, B.[Barbara],
Enhanced Level Building Algorithm for the Movement Epenthesis Problem in Sign Language Recognition,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Yang, H.D.[Hee-Deok], Sclaroff, S.[Stan], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Sign Language Spotting with a Threshold Model Based on Conditional Random Fields,
PAMI(31), No. 7, July 2009, pp. 1264-1277.
IEEE DOI Link 0905
Signs appear in a continuous stream with other gestures. BibRef

Thangali, A.[Ashwin], Sclaroff, S.[Stan],
An alignment based similarity measure for hand detection in cluttered sign language video,
CVPR4HB09(89-96).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Aran, O.[Oya], Ari, I.[Ismail], Akarun, L.[Lale], Sankur, B.[Bülent], Benoit, A.[Alexandre], Caplier, A.[Alice], Campr, P.[Pavel], Carrillo, A.H.[Ana Huerta], Fanarda, F.X.[François-Xavier],
SignTutor: An Interactive System for Sign Language Tutoring,
MultMedMag(16), No. 1, January-March 2009, pp. 81-93.
WWW Version. 0905
BibRef

Keskin, C.[Cem], Akarun, L.[Lale],
STARS: Sign tracking and recognition system using input-output HMMs,
PRL(30), No. 12, 1 September 2009, pp. 1086-1095,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0909
IOHMM; HCRF; HCI; Hand gesture recognition; Gesture spotting; Adaptive threshold model BibRef

Ding, L.[Liya], Martinez, A.M.[Aleix M.],
Modelling and recognition of the linguistic components in American Sign Language,
IVC(27), No. 12, November 2009, pp. 1826-1844,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0910
BibRef
Earlier:
Recovering the linguistic components of the manual signs in American Sign Language,
AVSBS07(447-452).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef
Earlier:
Three-Dimensional Shape and Motion Reconstruction for the Analysis of American Sign Language,
V4HCI06(146).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
American Sign Language; Handshape; Motion reconstruction; Multiple cue recognition; Computer vision BibRef

Liwicki, S.[Stephan], Everingham, M.[Mark],
Automatic recognition of fingerspelled words in British Sign Language,
CVPR4HB09(50-57).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Buehler, P.[Patrick], Zisserman, A.[Andrew], Everingham, M.[Mark],
Learning sign language by watching TV (using weakly aligned subtitles),
CVPR09(2961-2968).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Cooper, H.[Helen], Bowden, R.[Richard],
Learning signs from subtitles: A weakly supervised approach to sign language recognition,
CVPR09(2568-2574).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef
Earlier:
Large Lexicon Detection of Sign Language,
CVHCI07(88-97).
Springer DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Lichtenauer, J.[Jeroen], Hendriks, E.[Emile], Reinders, M.[Marcel],
Learning to recognize a sign from a single example,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Kim, J.H.[Jong-Hwa], Wagner, J.[Johannes], Rehm, M.[Matthias], Andre, E.[Elisabeth],
Bi-channel sensor fusion for automatic sign language recognition,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Cherniavsky, N.[Neva], Ladner, R.E.[Richard E.], Riskin, E.A.[Eve A.],
Activity detection in conversational sign language video for mobile telecommunication,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Kelly, D.[Daniel], McDonald, J.[John], Markham, C.[Charles],
A system for teaching sign language using live gesture feedback,
FG08(1-2).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Kelly, D., McDonald, J., Lysaght, T., Markham, C.,
Analysis of Sign Language Gestures Using Size Functions and Principal Component Analysis,
IMVIP08(31-36).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Arendsen, J.[Jeroen], Lichtenauer, J.F.[Jeroen F.], ten Holt, G.[Gineke], van Doorn, A.J.[Andrea J.], Hendriks, E.A.[Emile A.],
Acceptability ratings by humans and automatic gesture recognition for variations in sign productions,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Lichtenauer, J.F., ten Holt, G., Hendriks, E.A., Reinders, M.J.T., Vanhoutte, A., Kamp, I., Arendsen, J., van Doorn, A.J., de Ridder, H., Wenners, E., Elzenaar, M., Spaai, G., Fortgens, C., Bruins, M.,
A learning environment for sign language,
FG08(1-2).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Chattopadhyay, T.[Tanushyam], Biswas, P.[Provat], Saha, B.[Biswanath], Pal, A.[Arpan],
Gesture Based English Character Recognition for Human Machine Interaction in Interactive Set Top Box Using Multi-factor Analysis,
ICCVGIP08(134-141).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Ishida, H.[Hiroyuki], Takahashi, T.[Tomokazu], Ide, I.[Ichiro], Murase, H.[Hiroshi],
A Hilbert warping method for camera-based finger-writing recognition,
ICPR08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Matsuo, T.[Tadashi], Shirai, Y.[Yoshiaki], Shimada, N.[Nobutaka],
Automatic generation of HMM topology for sign language recognition,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Aran, O.[Oya], Akarun, L.[Lale],
Multi-class classification strategies for Fisher scores of gesture and sign sequences,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Almeida, A.M.P.[Ana Margarida P.], Condeço, T.[Teresa], Ramos, F.[Fernando], Sousa, Á.[Álvaro], Cotrim, L.[Luísa], Macedo, S.[Sofia], Palha, M.[Miguel],
Signs Workshop: The Importance of Natural Gestures in the Promotion of Early Communication Skills of Children with Developmental Disabilities,
GW07(245-254).
Springer DOI Link 0705
BibRef

Olivrin, G.J.L.[Guillaume J.L.],
Gesture Modelling for Linguistic Purposes,
GW07(145-150).
Springer DOI Link 0705
BibRef

Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Gao, W.[Wen],
Generating Data for Signer Adaptation,
GW07(114-121).
Springer DOI Link 0705
BibRef

Kong, W.W., Ranganath, S.[Surendra],
Automatic hand trajectory segmentation and phoneme transcription for sign language,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Nguyen, T.D.[Tan Dat], Ranganath, S.[Surendra],
Towards recognition of facial expressions in sign language: Tracking facial features under occlusion,
ICIP08(3228-3231).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef
And:
Tracking facial features under occlusions and recognizing facial expressions in sign language,
FG08(1-7).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Diamanti, O.[Olga], Maragos, P.[Petros],
Geodesic active regions for segmentation and tracking of human gestures in sign language videos,
ICIP08(1096-1099).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Kountchev, R., Todorov, V., Kountcheva, R.,
Efficient sign language video representation,
WSSIP08(177-180).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Athitsos, V.[Vassilis], Neidle, C.[Carol], Sclaroff, S.[Stan], Nash, J.[Joan], Stefan, A.[Alexandra], Yuan, Q.[Quan], Thangali, A.[Ashwin],
The American Sign Language Lexicon Video Dataset,
CVPR4HB08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Lichtenauer, J.F.[Jeroen F.], ten Holt, G.A.[Gineke A.], Reinders, M.J.T.[Marcel J. T.], Hendriks, E.A.[Emile A.],
Person-Independent 3D Sign Language Recognition,
GW07(69-80).
Springer DOI Link 0705
BibRef
And: A1, A2, A4, A3:
Sign language detection using 3D visual cues,
AVSBS07(435-440).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Fujimura, K.[Kikuo], Xu, L.J.[Li-Jie],
Sign Recognition Using Constrained Optimization,
ACCV07(II: 32-41).
Springer DOI Link 0711
Especially for overlapping hands. BibRef

Farhadi, A.[Ali], Forsyth, D.A.[David A.], White, R.[Ryan],
Transfer Learning in Sign language,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, Only:
Aligning ASL for Statistical Translation Using a Discriminative Word Model,
CVPR06(II: 1471-1476).
IEEE DOI Link 0606
BibRef

Adamo-Villani, N.[Nicoletta], Beneš, B.[Bedrich], Brisbin, M.[Matt], Hyland, B.[Bryce],
A Natural Interface for Sign Language Mathematics,
ISVC06(I: 70-79).
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Altun, O.[Oguz], Albayrak, S.[Songül],
Increasing the Effect of Fingers in Fingerspelling Hand Shapes by Thick Edge Detection and Correlation with Penalization,
PSIVT06(1133-1141).
Springer DOI Link 0612
BibRef

Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen], Yang, D.[Duanduan], Zhen, L.X.[Li-Xin], Huang, J.C.[Jian-Cheng],
A Novel Vision based Finger-writing Character Recognition System,
ICPR06(I: 1104-1107).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Chen, Z.W.[Zhi-Wei], Lin, Y.C.[Yu-Cheng], Chiang, C.C.[Cheng-Chin],
In this paper, an approach for deaf-people,
ICPR06(II: 104-107).
WWW Version. 0609
Finger writing interface. BibRef

von Agris, U.[Ulrich], Knorr, M.[Moritz], Kraiss, K.F.[Karl-Friedrich],
The significance of facial features for automatic sign language recognition,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

von Agris, U.[Ulrich], Blomer, C.[Christoph], Kraiss, K.F.[Karl-Friedrich],
Rapid signer adaptation for continuous sign language recognition using a combined approach of eigenvoices, MLLR, and MAP,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

von Agris, U.[Ulrich], Schneider, D.[Daniel], Zieren, J.[Jorg], Kraiss, K.F.[Karl-Friedrich],
Rapid Signer Adaptation for Isolated Sign Language Recognition,
V4HCI06(159).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Yang, R.[Ruiduo], Sarkar, S.[Sudeep],
Detecting Coarticulation in Sign Language using Conditional Random Fields,
ICPR06(II: 108-112).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef
And:
Gesture Recognition using Hidden Markov Models from Fragmented Observations,
CVPR06(I: 766-773).
IEEE DOI Link 0606
BibRef

Incertis, I.G.[Isaac Garcia], García-Bermejo, J.G.[Jaime Gómez], Casanova, E.Z.[Eduardo Zalama],
Hand Gesture Recognition for Deaf People Interfacing,
ICPR06(II: 100-103).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Heloir, A.[Alexis], Gibet, S.[Sylvie],
A Qualitative and Quantitative Characterisation of Style in Sign Language Gestures,
GW07(122-133).
Springer DOI Link 0705
BibRef

Heloir, A.[Alexis], Gibet, S.[Sylvie], Multon, F.[Franck], Courty, N.[Nicolas],
Captured Motion Data Processing for Real Time Synthesis of Sign Language,
GW05(168-171).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Yao, G.L.[Gui-Lin], Yao, H.X.[Hong-Xun], Liu, X.[Xin], Jiang, F.[Feng],
Real Time Large Vocabulary Continuous Sign Language Recognition Based on OP/Viterbi Algorithm,
ICPR06(III: 312-315).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Liu, X.[Xin], Yao, H.X.[Hong-Xun], Yao, G.L.[Gui-Lin], Gao, W.[Wen],
A Novel Volumetric Shape from Silhouette Algorithm Based on a Centripetal Pentahedron Model,
ICPR06(I: 9).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Yang, X.L.[Xiao-Lin], Jiang, F.[Feng], Liu, H.[Han], Yao, H.X.[Hong-Xun], Gao, W.[Wen], Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li],
Visual Sign Language Recognition Based on HMMs and Auto-regressive HMMs,
GW05(80-83).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Braffort, A.[Annelies], Lejeune, F.[Fanch],
Spatialised Semantic Relations in French Sign Language: Toward a Computational Modelling,
GW05(37-48).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Stein, D.[Daniel], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Enhancing a Sign Language Translation System with Vision-Based Features,
GW07(108-113).
Springer DOI Link 0705
BibRef

Bungeroth, J.[Jan], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Automatic Generation of German Sign Language Glosses from German Words,
GW05(49-52).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Steingrube, P.[Pascal], Deselaers, T.[Thomas], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Smoothed Disparity Maps for Continuous American Sign Language Recognition,
IbPRIA09(24-31).
Springer DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Forster, J.[Jens], Deselaers, T.[Thomas], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Efficient approximations to model-based joint tracking and recognition of continuous sign language,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Dreuw, P., Deselaers, T., Rybach, D., Keysers, D., Ney, H.,
Tracking Using Dynamic Programming for Appearance-Based Sign Language Recognition,
FGR06(293-298).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Zahedi, M., Dreuw, P., Rybach, D., Deselaers, T., Ney, H.,
Geometric Features for Improving Continuous Appearance-based Sign Language Recognition,
BMVC06(III:1019).
PDF Version. 0609
BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Keysers, D.[Daniel], Deselaers, T.[Thomas], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Gesture Recognition Using Image Comparison Methods,
GW05(124-128).
Springer DOI Link 0505
See also Discriminative Training for Object Recognition Using Image Patches. BibRef

Zahedi, M.[Morteza], Keysers, D.[Daniel], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Pronunciation Clustering and Modeling of Variability for Appearance-Based Sign Language Recognition,
GW05(68-79).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef
And:
Appearance-Based Recognition of Words in American Sign Language,
IbPRIA05(I:511).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Zahedi, M.[Morteza], Keysers, D.[Daniel], Deselaers, T.[Thomas], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Combination of Tangent Distance and an Image Distortion Model for Appearance-Based Sign Language Recognition,
DAGM05(401).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Kervajan, L.[Loïc], de Neef, E.G.[Emilie Guimier], Véronis, J.[Jean],
French Sign Language Processing: Verb Agreement,
GW05(53-56).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Lenseigne, B.[Boris], Dalle, P.[Patrice],
Using Signing Space as a Representation for Sign Language Processing,
GW05(25-36).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Attina, V.[Virginie], Cathiard, M.A.[Marie-Agnès], Beautemps, D.[Denis],
Temporal Measures of Hand and Speech Coordination During French Cued Speech Production,
GW05(13-24).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Fujimura, K., Liu, X.[Xia],
Sign Recognition using Depth Image Streams,
FGR06(381-386).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
for Japanese Sign Language BibRef

Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Gao, W.[Wen],
Expanding Training Set for Chinese Sign Language Recognition,
FGR06(323-328).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Buehler, P., Everingham, M., Huttenlocher, D.P., Zisserman, A.,
Long Term Arm and Hand Tracking for Continuous Sign Language TV Broadcasts,
BMVC08(xx-yy).
PDF Version.
PDF Version. Data available. Dataset, Sign Language.
HTML Version. 0809
BibRef

Kadir, T., Bowden, R., Ong, E.J., Zisserman, A.,
Minimal Training, Large Lexicon, Unconstrained Sign Language Recognition,
BMVC04(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0508
BibRef

Feris, R.S.[Rogerio S.], Turk, M.[Matthew], Raskar, R.[Ramesh], Tan, K.[Karhan], Ohashi, G.[Gosuke],
Exploiting Depth Discontinuities for Vision-Based Fingerspelling Recognition,
RealTimeHCI04(155).
HTML Version. 0502
BibRef

McGuire, R.M., Hernandez-Rebollar, J.L., Starner, T.E., Henderson, V., Brashear, H., Ross, D.S.,
Towards a one-way American Sign Language translator,
AFGR04(620-625).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
BibRef

Hernandez-Rebollar, J.L., Kyriakopoulos, N., Lindeman, R.W.,
A new instrumented approach for translating American Sign Language into sound and text,
AFGR04(547-552).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
BibRef

Hamada, Y., Shimada, N., Shirai, Y.,
Hand shape estimation under complex backgrounds for sign language recognition,
AFGR04(589-594).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
BibRef

Hamada, Y.S.[Yasu-Shi], Shimada, N.[Nobutaka], Shirai, Y.[Yoshiaki],
Hand Shape Estimation Using Sequence of Multi-Ocular Images Based on Transition Network,
VI02(362).
PDF Version. 0208
BibRef
Earlier:
Hand Shape Estimation Using Image Transition Network,
HUMO00(161-166).
IEEE Top Reference. 0010
BibRef

Imai, A.[Akihiro], Shimada, N.[Nobutaka], Shirai, Y.[Yoshiaki],
Hand Posture Estimation in Complex Backgrounds by Considering Mis-match of Model,
ACCV07(I: 596-607).
Springer DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Shimada, N.[Nobutaka], Kimura, K.[Kousuke], Shirai, Y.[Yoshiaki], Kuno, Y.[Yoshinori],
Hand Posture Estimation by Combining 2-d Appearance-based and 3-d Model-based Approaches,
ICPR00(Vol III: 705-708).
IEEE DOI Link
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Shimada, N.,
Real-time 3-D Hand Posture Estimation based on 2-D Appearance Retrieval Using Monocular Camera,
RATFG01(xx-yy). 0106
BibRef

Shimada, N., Shirai, Y., Kuno, Y., Miura, J.,
Hand Gesture Estimation and Model Refinement Using Monocular Camera: Ambiguity Limitation by Inequality Constraints,
AFGR98(268-273).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9800

Tanibata, N.[Nobuhiko], Shimada, N.[Nobutaka], Shirai, Y.[Yoshiaki],
Extraction of Hand Features for Recognition of Sign Language Words,
VI02(391).
PDF Version. 0208
BibRef

Bowden, R.[Richard], Windridge, D.[David], Kadir, T.[Timor], Zisserman, A.[Andrew], Brady, M.[Michael],
A Linguistic Feature Vector for the Visual Interpretation of Sign Language,
ECCV04(Vol I: 390-401).
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Craven, M.P.[Michael P.], Curtis, K.M.[K. Mervyn],
GesRec3D: A Real-Time Coded Gesture-to-Speech System with Automatic Segmentation and Recognition Thresholding Using Dissimilarity Measures,
GW03(231-238).
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Bossard, B.[Bruno], Braffort, A.[Annelies], Jardino, M.[Michèle],
Some Issues in Sign Language Processing,
GW03(90-100).
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Vogler, C.[Christian], Metaxas, D.[Dimitris],
Handshapes and Movements: Multiple-Channel American Sign Language Recognition,
GW03(247-258).
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Smith, K.C.[Kirsty Crombie], Edmondson, W.[William],
The Development of a Computational Notation for Synthesis of Sign and Gesture,
GW03(312-323).
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Holler, J.[Judith], Beattie, G.[Geoffrey],
The Interaction of Iconic Gesture and Speech in Talk,
GW03(63-69).
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Cristilli, C.[Carla], Carlomagno, S.[Sergio],
Conceptual and Lexical Factors in the Production of Speech and Conversational Gestures: Neuropsychological Evidence,
GW03(70-76).
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Gao, W.[Wen],
Re-sampling for Chinese Sign Language Recognition,
GW05(57-67).
Springer DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Fang, G.L.[Gao-Lin], Gao, X.J.[Xiu-Juan], Gao, W.[Wen], Chen, Y.Q.A.[Yi-Qi-Ang],
A novel approach to automatically extracting basic units from Chinese sign language,
ICPR04(IV: 454-457).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Chen, Y.Q.A.[Yi-Qi-Ang], Gao, W.[Wen], Fang, G.L.[Gao-Lin], Yang, C.S.[Chang-Shui], Wang, Z.Q.[Zhao-Qi],
CSLDS: Chinese sign language dialog system,
AMFG03(236-237).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Zieren, J.[Jörg], Kraiss, K.F.[Karl-Friedrich],
Robust Person-Independent Visual Sign Language Recognition,
IbPRIA05(I:520).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Dick, T.[Thorsten], Zieren, J.[Jörg], Kraiss, K.F.[Karl-Friedrich],
Visual Hand Posture Recognition in Monocular Image Sequences,
DAGM06(566-575).
Springer DOI Link 0610
BibRef

Fillbrandt, H., Akyol, S., Kraiss, K.F.,
Extraction of 3D hand shape and posture from images sequences from sign language recognition,
AMFG03(181-186).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Bauer, B., Kraiss, K.F.,
Video-based sign recognition using self-organizing subunits,
ICPR02(II: 434-437).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Bauer, B.[Britta], Hienz, H.[Hermann], Kraiss, K.F.[Karl-Friedrich],
Video-based Continuous Sign Language Recognition Using Statistical Methods,
ICPR00(Vol II: 463-466).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
HMM-Based Continuous Sign Language Recognition Using Stochastic Grammars,
GW99(185).
WWW Version. 9903
BibRef

Bauer, B.[Britta], Hienz, H.[Hermann],
Relevant Features for Video-Based Continuous Sign Language Recognition,
AFGR00(440-445).
IEEE DOI Link 0003
BibRef

Chen, W.Y.[Wei-Ying], Fujiki, R.J.[Ryu-Ji], Arita, D.S.[Dai-Saku], Taniguchi, R.I.[Rin-Ichiro],
Real-time 3D Hand Shape Estimation based on Image Feature Analysis and Inverse Kinematics,
CIAP07(247-252).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, A4, Only:
Real-Time 3D Hand Shape Estimation Based on Inverse Kinematics and Physical Constraints,
CIAP05(850-858).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Horimoto, S., Arita, D.S.[Dai-Saku], Taniguchi, R.I.[Rin-Ichiro],
Real-time hand shape recognition for human interface,
CIAP03(20-25).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310
BibRef

Funck, S.,
Video-Based Handsign Recognition for Intuitive Human-Computer-Interaction,
DAGM02(26 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
BibRef

Yuan, Q.[Quan], Gao, W.[Wen], Yao, H.X.[Hong-Xun], Wang, C.L.[Chun-Li],
Recognition of strong and weak connection models in continuous sign language,
ICPR02(I: 75-78).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Erdem, U.M., Sclaroff, S.,
Automatic detection of relevant head gestures in american sign language communication,
ICPR02(I: 460-463).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Terrillon, J.C.[Jean-Christophe], Piplré, A.[Arnaud], Niwa, Y.[Yoshinori], Yamamoto, K.[Kazuhiko],
Robust Face Detection and Japanese Sign Language Hand Posture Recognition for Human-Computer Interaction in an 'Intelligent' Room,
VI02(369).
PDF Version. 0208
BibRef

Imagawa, K., Matsuo, H., Taniguchi, R., Arita, D., Lu, S., Igi, S.,
Recognition of Local Features for Camera-based Sign Language Recognition System,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 849-853).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Imagawa, K., Lu, S., Igi, S.,
Color-Based Hands Tracking System for Sign Language Recognition,
AFGR98(462-467).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9800

Sagawa, H.[Hirohiko], Takeuchi, M.[Masaru],
A Method for Recognizing a Sequence of Sign Language Words Represented in a Japanese Sign Language Sentence,
AFGR00(434-439).
IEEE DOI Link 0003
BibRef
Earlier:
A Method for Analyzing Spatial Relationships Between Words in Sign Language Recognition,
GW99(197).
WWW Version. 9903
BibRef

Quek, F.K.H.[Francis K.H.], McNeill, D.[David], Bryll, R.[Robert], Kirbas, C.[Cemil], Arslan, H.[Hasan], McCullough, K.E.[Karl E.], Furuyama, N.[Nobuhiro], Ansari, R.[Rashid],
Gesture, Speech, and Gaze Cues for Discourse Segmentation,
CVPR00(II: 247-254).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0005
BibRef

Quek, F.K.H., McNeill, D., Ansari, R., Ma, X.F., Bryll, R., Duncan, S., McCullough, K.E.,
Gesture Cues for Conversational Interaction in Monocular Video,
RATFG99(xx-yy). BibRef 9900

Kim, S.W.[Sang-Woon], Lee, J.W.[Jong-Woo], Oh, J.Y.[Ji-Yong], Aoki, Y.[Yoshinao],
A comparative study on the sign-language communication systems between Korea and Japan through 2D and 3D character models on the Internet,
ICIP99(IV:227-231).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9900

Cuxac, C.[Christian],
French Sign Language: Proposition of a Structural Explanation by Iconicity,
GW99(165).
WWW Version. 9903
BibRef

Vogler, C.[Christian], Metaxas, D.[Dimitris],
Toward Scalability in ASL Recognition: Breaking Down Signs into Phonemes,
GW99(211).
WWW Version. 9903
BibRef

Lebourque, T., Gibet, S.,
A Complete System for the Specification and the Generation of Sign Language Gestures,
GW99(227).
WWW Version. 9903
BibRef

Losson, O.[Olivier], Vannobel, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Sign Specification and Synthesis,
GW99(239).
WWW Version. 9903
BibRef

Sowa, T.[Timo], Fröhlich, M.[Martin], Latoschik, M.E.[Marc Erich],
Temporal Symbolic Integration Applied to a Multimodal System Using Gestures and Speech,
GW99(291).
WWW Version. 9903
BibRef

Wachsmuth, I.[Ipke],
Communicative Rhythm in Gesture and Speech,
GW99(277).
WWW Version. 9903
BibRef

Birk, H.[Henrik], Moeslund, T.B.[Thomas B.], and Madsen, C.B.[Claus B.],
Real-Time Recognition of Hand Alphabet Gestures Using Principal Component Analysis,
SCIA97(xx-yy) 9705

HTML Version. BibRef

Liang, R.H.[Rung-Huei], Ouhyoung, M.[Ming],
A Real-Time Continuous Gesture Recognition System for Sign Language,
AFGR98(558-567).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9800

Yoshino, K.[Kazuyoshi], Kawashima, T.[Toshio], Aoki, Y.[Yoshinao],
Recognition of Japanese Sign Language from Image Sequence Using Color Combination,
ICIP96(III: 511-514).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9600

Erenshteyn, R., Laskov, P., Foulds, R., Messing, L., Stern, G.,
A Recognition Approach to Gesture Language Understanding,
ICPR96(III: 431-435).
IEEE DOI Link 9608
(Alfred I. du Pont Institute, Delaware, USA) BibRef

Uras, C., Verri, A.,
Sign Language Recognition: an Application of the Theory of Size Functions,
BMVC95(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 9509
BibRef
Earlier:
On the recognition of the alphabet of the sign language through size functions,
ICPR94(B:334-338).
IEEE DOI Link 9410
BibRef

Chapter on Face Recognition, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Biometrics, General Systems .