Stroke, G.W.,
Peuch, C.P.,
Single-Focus Images Restored from Conventionally Recorded Superposed
Coded Multi-Focus Photographs,
OptComm(1), No. 5, November/December 1969, pp. 223-226.
BibRef
6911
Krotkov, E.P.,
Focusing,
IJCV(1), No. 3, October, 1987, pp. 223-237.
BibRef
8710
Earlier:
UPennCIS-86-22, 1986.
Solutions to problems with automatic focussing of general purpose
cameras. (Is this so hard given the availability of auto
focus cameras?).
See also Active Computer Vision by Cooperative Focusing and Stereo.
BibRef
Krotkov, E.P., and
Bajcsy, R.,
Active Vision for Reliable Ranging: Cooperating Focus, Stereo,
and Vergence,
IJCV(11), No. 2, October 1993, pp. 187-203.
See also Active Computer Vision by Cooperative Focusing and Stereo.
BibRef
9310
Krotkov, E., and
Martin, J.P.,
Range From Focus,
CRA86(1093-1098).
BibRef
8600
Subbarao, M.,
Choi, T.,
Nikzad, A.,
Focusing Techniques,
OptEng(32), No. 11, November 1993, pp. 2824-2836.
BibRef
9311
Subbarao, M.,
Wei, T.C.,
Surya, G.,
Focused Image Recovery from Two Defocused Images Recorded
with Different Camera Settings,
IP(4), No. 12, December 1995, pp. 1613-1628.
WWW Version.
0402
BibRef
Earlier:
CVPR94(786-791).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
BibRef
Subbarao, M., and
Wei, T.C.,
Depth from Defocus and Rapid Autofocusing: A Practical Approach,
CVPR92(773-776).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. Hardware exhibited at the conference.
BibRef
9200
Subbarao, M.,
Gurumoorthy, N.,
Depth Recovery from Blurred Edges,
CVPR88(498-503).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
BibRef
8800
Subbarao, M.,
Parallel Depth Recovery by Changing Camera Parameters,
ICCV88(149-155).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
BibRef
8800
Earlier:
Direct Recovery of Depth-map I: Differential Methods,
CVWS87(58-65).
Depth is recovered from changing the focal length,
focal plane distance, and apperature.
BibRef
Subbarao, M.[Murali], and
Tyan, J.K.[Jenn-Kwei],
Selecting the Optimal Focus Measure for Autofocusing
and Depth-from-Focus,
PAMI(20), No. 8, August 1998, pp. 864-870.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Generate focus error measures.
BibRef
9808
Tyan, J.K.[Jenn-Kwei],
Analysis and Application of Autofocusing and Three-Dimensional
Shape Recovery Techniques Based on Image Focus and Defocus,
Ph.D.Thesis, EE, SUNY, Stony Brook. 1997.
BibRef
9700
Yeo, T.T.E.,
Ong, S.H.,
Jayasooriah,
Sinniah, R.,
Autofocusing for tissue microscopy,
IVC(11), No. 10, December 1993, pp. 629-639.
WWW Version.
0401
BibRef
Martinez Baena, J.,
Fdez Valdivia, J.,
Garcia, J.A.,
A Multichannel Autofocusing Scheme for Gray Level
Shape Scale Detection,
PR(30), No. 10, October 1997, pp. 1769-1786.
WWW Version.
9712
BibRef
Lohmann, A.W.,
Mendlovic, D.,
Zalevsky, Z.,
Digital Method for Measuring the Focus Error,
AppOpt(36), No. 28, October 1 1997, pp. 7204-7209.
9710
BibRef
Kim, S.K.,
Park, S.R.,
Paik, J.K.,
Simultaneous Out-of-Focus Blur Estimation and
Restoration for Digital Auto-Focusing System,
Consumer(44), No. 3, August 1998, pp. 1071-1075.
9810
BibRef
Kodama, K.[Kazuya],
Aizawa, K.[Kiyoharu],
Hatori, M.[Mitsutoshi],
Generation of Arbitrarily Focused Images by
Using Multiple Differently Focused Images,
JEI(7), No. 1, January 1998, pp. 138-144.
9807
BibRef
Earlier:
Iterative Reconstruction of an All-Focused Image by Using
Multiple Differently Focused Images,
ICIP96(III: 551-554).
WWW Version.
BibRef
Kodama, K.[Kazuya],
Mo, H.[Hiroshi],
Kubota, A.[Akira],
Free Iris Scene Re-Focusing Based on a Three-Dimensional Filtering of
Multiple Differently Focused Images,
ICIP06(2033-2036).
0610
WWW Version.
BibRef
Kubota, A.[Akira],
Aizawa, K.[Kiyoharu],
Reconstructing Arbitrarily Focused Images From Two Differently Focused
Images Using Linear Filters,
IP(14), No. 11, November 2005, pp. 1848-1859.
WWW Version.
0510
BibRef
Earlier:
Virtual view generation by linear processing of two differently focused
images,
ICPR02(I: 504-507).
WWW Version.
0211
BibRef
Earlier:
Inverse Filters for Reconstruction of Arbitrarily Focused Images from
Two Differently Focused Images,
ICIP00(Vol I: 101-104).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
0008
BibRef
Kubota, A.,
Aizawa, K.,
Arbitrary view and focus image generation: rendering object-based
shifting and focussing effect by linear filtering,
ICIP02(I: 489-492).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
0210
BibRef
Aizawa, K.[Kiyoharu],
Kubota, A.[Akira],
Kodama, K.[Kazuya],
Implicit 3D Approach to Image Generation: Object-Based Visual Effects
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WTRCV01(226).
0103
BibRef
Kubota, A.[Akira],
Kodama, K.[Kazuya],
Aizawa, K.[Kiyoharu],
Hatori, M.[Mitsutoshi],
Registration and Blur Estimation Methods for Multiple Differently
Focused Images,
ICIP99(II:447-451).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
BibRef
9900
Aizawa, K.[Kiyoharu],
Kodama, K.[Kazuya],
Kubota, A.[Akira],
Producing object-based special visual effects by integrating multiple
differently focused images:
Implicit 3D Approach to Image Content Manipulation,
ICIP99(II:515-519).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
BibRef
9900
Image Content Manipulation by Fusing Multiple Differently Focused Images,
BibRef
Aizawa, K.,
Kodama, K.,
Kubota, A.,
Producing Object-Based Special Effects by
Fusing Multiple Differently Focused Images,
CirSysVideo(10), No. 2, March 2000, pp. 323.
IEEE Top Reference.
0003
BibRef
Cao, Q.[Qing],
Jahns, J.[Jurgen],
Focusing Analysis of the Pinhole Photon Sieve:
Individual Far-Field Model,
JOSA-A(19), No. 12, December 2002, pp. 2387-2393.
WWW Version.
0304
BibRef
Lin, S.F.[Sheng-Fuu],
Lin, Y.T.[You-Tasi],
Su, C.K.[Chien-Kun],
An automatic focusing algorithm,
IJIST(12), No. 6, 2002, pp. 235-238.
WWW Version.
0308
BibRef
Kehtarnavaz, N.,
Oh, H.J.,
Development and Real-Time Implementation of a Rule-Based Auto-Focus
Algorithm,
RealTimeImg(9), No. 3, June 2003, pp. 197-203.
WWW Version.
0310
See also Development and Real-Time Implementation of Auto White Balancing Scoring Algorithm.
BibRef
Gamadia, M.,
Kehtarnavaz, N.,
A Real-time Continuous Automatic Focus Algorithm for Digital Cameras,
Southwest06(163-167).
WWW Version.
0603
BibRef
Lin, J.L.[Jin-Long],
Zhang, C.[Chao],
Shi, Q.Y.[Qing-Yun],
Estimating the amount of defocus through a wavelet transform approach,
PRL(25), No. 4, March 2004, pp. 407-411.
WWW Version.
0402
BibRef
Yap, P.T.,
Raveendran, P.,
Image focus measure based on Chebyshev moments,
VISP(151), No. 2, April 2004, pp. 128-136.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
0406
BibRef
Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung],
Kim, J.H.[Jai-Hie],
A Real-Time Focusing Algorithm for Iris Recognition Camera,
SMC-C(35), No. 3, August 2005, pp. 441-444.
WWW Version.
0508
BibRef
Earlier:
ICBA04(410-417).
WWW Version.
0505
BibRef
Li, R.,
Zhang, Y.J.,
Level Selection for Multiscale Fusion of Out-of-Focus Image,
SPLetters(12), No. 9, September 2005, pp. 617-620.
WWW Version.
0508
BibRef
Zhang, Y.[Ying],
Wen, C.Y.[Chang-Yun],
Soh, Y.C.[Yeng Chai],
Fong, A.M.[Aik Meng],
Adaptive autofocusing: a closed-loop perspective,
JOSA-A(22), No. 4, April 2005, pp. 625-635.
WWW Version.
0601
BibRef
Park, S.Y.[Soon-Yong],
An image-based calibration technique of spatial domain
depth-from-defocus,
PRL(27), No. 12, September 2006, pp. 1318-1324.
WWW Version. Depth-from-defocus; Image-based defocus calibration; S-transform
0606
BibRef
Park, S.Y.[Soon-Yong],
Moon, J.[Jaekyoung],
Image-Based Calibration of Spatial Domain Depth-from-Defocus and
Application to Automatic Focus Tracking,
ACCV06(I:754-763).
WWW Version.
0601
BibRef
Kristan, M.[Matej],
Pers, J.[Janez],
Perse, M.[Matej],
Kovacic, S.[Stanislav],
A Bayes-spectral-entropy-based measure of camera focus using a discrete
cosine transform,
PRL(27), No. 13, 1 October 2006, pp. 1431-1439.
WWW Version.
0606Camera focusing; Spectral methods; DCT; Bayes entropy
BibRef
Maik, V.,
Cho, D.,
Shin, J.H.,
Paik, J.K.,
Regularized Restoration Using Image Fusion for Digital Auto-Focusing,
CirSysVideo(17), No. 10, October 2007, pp. 1360-1369.
WWW Version.
0711
BibRef
Lee, J.[Jungsoo],
Yoo, Y.[Yoonjong],
Shin, J.H.[Jeong-Ho],
Paik, J.K.[Joon-Ki],
Hierarchical Blur Identification from Severely Out-of-Focus Images,
PSIVT06(1334-1342).
WWW Version.
0612
BibRef
Shin, J.H.[Jeong-Ho],
Hwang, S.H.[Sung-Hyun],
Kim, K.[Kiman],
Kang, J.Y.[Jin-Young],
Lee, S.W.[Seong-Won],
Paik, J.K.[Joon-Ki],
Blur Identification and Image Restoration Based on Evolutionary
Multiple Object Segmentation for Digital Auto-focusing,
IWCIA04(656-668).
WWW Version.
0505
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A5, A6, Only:
Isotropic Blur Identification for Fully Digital Auto-focusing,
ICIAR05(125-132).
WWW Version.
0509
BibRef
Peddigari, V.,
Kehtarnavaz, N.,
Real-time predictive zoom tracking for digital still cameras,
RealTimeIP(2), No. 1, October 2007, pp. 45-54.
WWW Version.
0711Keep object in focus while zooming.
BibRef
Tian, Y.[Yibin],
Shieh, K.[Kevin],
Wildsoet, C.F.[Christine F.],
Performance of focus measures in the presence of nondefocus aberrations,
JOSA-A(24), No. 12, December 2007, pp. B165-B173.
WWW Version.
0801
BibRef
Wang, W.W.,
Shui, P.L.,
Feng, X.C.,
Variational Models for Fusion and Denoising of Multifocus Images,
SPLetters(15), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 65-68.
WWW Version.
0801
BibRef
Gierl, C.[Christian],
Kondo, T.,
Voos, H.,
Kongprawechon, W.,
Phoojaruenchanachai, S.,
Image Processing Algorithms for an Auto Focus System for Slit Lamp
Microscopy,
ACIVS07(909-919).
WWW Version.
0708
BibRef
Oyamada, Y.[Yuji],
Saito, H.[Hideo],
Focal Pre-Correction of Projected Image for Deblurring Screen Image,
PROCAMS07(1-8).
WWW Version.
0706
BibRef
Okatani, T.[Takayuki],
Deguchi, K.[Koichiro],
Estimating Scale of a Scene from a Single Image Based on Defocus Blur
and Scene Geometry,
CVPR07(1-8).
WWW Version.
0706
BibRef
Hsu, W.[Wei],
Fuh, C.S.[Chiou-Shann],
A New Sampling Method of Auto Focus for Voice Coil Motor in Camera
Modules,
PSIVT06(1254-1263).
WWW Version.
0612
BibRef
Song, Y.[Yu],
Li, M.T.[Man-Tian],
Sun, L.[Lining],
A New Auto-focusing Algorithm for Optical Microscope Based Automated
System,
ICARCV06(1-5).
WWW Version.
0612
BibRef
Yao, Y.[Yi],
Abidi, B.R.[Besma R.],
Tousek, M.[Michael],
Abidi, M.A.[Mongi A.],
Auto-focusing in Extreme Zoom Surveillance: A System Approach with
Application to Faces,
ISVC06(I: 401-410).
WWW Version.
0611
BibRef
Yao, Y.[Yi],
Abidi, B.R.[Besma R.],
Abidi, M.A.[Mongi A.],
Digital Imaging with Extreme Zoom: System Design and Image Restoration,
CVS06(52).
WWW Version.
0602Focusing, restoration, etc.
E.g. astronomy, aerial monitoring.
BibRef
Dubowy, J.N.,
Herman, G.T.,
An Approach to the Correction of Distance-Dependent Defocus in Electron
Microscopic Reconstruction,
ICIP05(III: 748-751).
WWW Version.
0512
BibRef
Antunes, M.[Mark],
Trachtenberg, M.[Michael],
Thomas, G.[Gabriel],
Shoa, T.[Tina],
All-in-Focus Imaging Using a Series of Images on Different Focal Planes,
ICIAR05(174-181).
WWW Version.
0509
BibRef
Kubota, A.[Akira],
Kodama, K.[Kazuya],
Hatori, Y.[Yoshinori],
Image-Based Refocusing by 3D Filtering,
PSIVT07(385-398).
WWW Version.
0712
BibRef
Yoshida, T.,
Yokota, A.,
Kashiyama, H.,
Hamamoto, T.,
Smart image sensor for high speed in-focus detection,
ICIP04(IV: 2837-2840).
WWW Version.
0505
BibRef
Dijk, J.[Judith],
van Ginkel, M.[Michael],
van Asselt, R.J.[Rutger J.],
van Vliet, L.J.[Lucas J.],
Verbeek, P.W.[Piet W.],
A New Sharpness Measure Based on Gaussian Lines and Edges,
CAIP03(149-156).
WWW Version.
0311
BibRef
Schlag, J.F.[John F.],
Sanderson, A.C.[Arthur C.],
Neuman, C.P.[Charles P.], and
Wimberly, F.C.[Francis C.],
Implementation of Automatic Focusing
Algorithms for a Computer Vision System with Camera Control,
CMU-RI-TR-83-14, CMU Robotics Institute, 1983.
Select various focusing algorithms which have been proposed, implement
these on a simple vision system (POPEYE), compare the results, and
look at modifications (combinations?) which will work better.
BibRef
8300
Allegro, S.[Silvia],
Chanel, C.,
Jacot, J.,
Autofocus for Automated Microassembly under a Microscope,
ICIP96(II: 677-680).
WWW Version.
BibRef
9600
Binefa, X.,
Vitria, J.,
A Contrast-Based Focusing Criterium,
ICPR96(I: 805-809).
WWW Version.
9608(Univ. of Barcelona, E)
BibRef
Elder, J.[James],
Zucker, S.W.[Steven W.],
Shadows, defocus and reliable estimation,
CAIP95(318-325).
WWW Version.
9509
BibRef
Viitanen, J.,
Rzeszutko, M.,
Using multiple coaxial images for determining the focal gradient in a
range camera,
ICIP95(I: 235-238).
WWW Version.
9510
BibRef
Horii, A.,
The Focusing Mechanism in the KTH Head-Eye System,
ISRN KTH/NA/P--92/15--SE, June 1992.
HTML Version. Longer Postscript:
Postscript Version.
BibRef
9206
Chapter on 3-D Shape from X -- Shading, Textures, Lasers, Structured Light, Focus, Line Drawings continues in
Shape from Line Drawings, Junction Labeling .