7.1.4.1 DCT Computation

Rao, K.R., and Yip, P.,
Discrete Cosine Transform: Algorithms, Advantages, Applications,
San Diego: Academic Press1990. ISBN 0-12-580203-X. In depth survey of DCT. BibRef 9000

Ahmed, N., Natarajan, T., Rao, K.R.,
Discrete Cosine Transform,
TC(23), No. 1, 1974, pp. 90-93. BibRef 7400

Haralick, R.M.[Robert M.],
A Storage Efficient Way to Implement the Discrete Cosine Transform,
TC(5), No. 7, July, 1976, pp. 764-765. BibRef 7607

Chen, W.H., Smith, C.H., Fralick, S.C.,
A Fast Computational Algorithm for Discrete Cosine Transform,
Commun(25), 1977, pp. 1004-1009. BibRef 7700

Speiser, J.M.[Jeffrey M.], Alsup, J.M.[James M.],
Apparatus for performing a discrete cosine transform of an input signal,
US_Patent4,152,772, 05/01/1979.
HTML Version. BibRef 7905

Flickner, M.D., Ahmad, N.,
A Derivation for the Discrete Cosine Transform,
PIEEE(70), 1982, pp. 1132-1134. BibRef 8200

Kamangar, F.A., Rao, K.R.,
Fast Algorithms for the 2D Discrete Cosine Transform,
TC(31), 1982, pp. 899-906. BibRef 8200

Widergren, R.D.[Robert D.], Chen, W.H.[Wen-Hsiung], Fralick, S.C.[Stanley C.], Tescher, A.G.[Andrew G.],
Discrete cosine transformer,
US_Patent4,385,363, 05/24/1983.
HTML Version. BibRef 8305

Chiu, C.T., Liu, K.J.R.,
Real-time parallel and fully pipelined two-dimensional DCT lattice structures with application to HDTV systems,
CirSysVideo(2), No. 1, March 1992, pp. 25-37.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Slawecki, D., Li, W.,
DCT/IDCT processor design for high data rate image coding,
CirSysVideo(2), No. 2, June 1992, pp. 135-146.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Huang, Y., Dreizen, H.M., Galatsanos, N.P.,
Prioritized DCT for compression and progressive transmission of images,
IP(1), No. 4, October 1992, pp. 477-487.
IEEE DOI Link 0402
BibRef

Wu, L.N.[Le-Nan], He, Z.Y.[Zhen-Ya],
A further reduction of multiplications in Wang's fast DCT algorithm,
SP:IC(4), No. 3, June 1992, pp. 181-183.
WWW Version. 0001
Discrete cosine transform; orthogonal transform BibRef

Tun, I.D.[Il Dong], Lee, S.U.[Sang Uk],
On the fixed-point-error analysis of several fast DCT algorithms,
CirSysVideo(3), No. 1, February 1993, pp. 27-41.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Madisetti, A., Willson, Jr., A.N.,
A 100 MHz 2-D 8X8 DCT/IDCT processor for HDTV applications,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 2, April 1995, pp. 158-165.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Sherlock, B.G., Monro, D.M.,
Algorithm-749: Fast Discrete Cosine Transform,
TMS(21), No. 4, December 1995, pp. 372-378. BibRef 9512

Hou, H.S.[Hsieh S.],
Split-radix discrete cosine transform,
US_Patent5,408,425, Apr 18, 1995
WWW Version. BibRef 9504

Chang, Y.T.[Yu-Tai], Wang, C.L.[Chin-Liang],
New systolic array implementation of the 2-D discrete cosine transform and its inverse,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 2, April 1995, pp. 150-157.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Yang, J.F.[Jar-Ferr], Bai, B.L.[Bor-Long], Hsia, S.C.[Shih-Chang],
An efficient two-dimensional inverse discrete cosine transform algorithm for HDTV receivers,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 1, February 1995, pp. 25-30.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Chan, Y.H.[Yuk-Hee], Chau, L.P.[Lap-Pui], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Efficient implementation of discrete cosine transform using recursive filter structure,
CirSysVideo(4), No. 6, December 1994, pp. 550-552.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Chau, L.P.[Lap-Pui], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Efficient multiplier structure for realization of the discrete cosine transform,
SP:IC(18), No. 7, July 2003, pp. 527-536.
WWW Version. 0308
BibRef

Lee, S.W., Hsu, W.H.,
Parallel implementation of prime-factor discrete cosine transform on the orthogonal multiprocessor,
CirSysVideo(3), No. 2, April 1993, pp. 107-115.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
See also Parallel algorithms for hidden markov models on the orthogonal multiprocessor. BibRef

Hsiao, J.H.[Jue-Hsuan], Chen, L.G.[Liang-Gee], Chiueh, T.D.[Tzi-Dar], Chen, C.T.[Chun-Te],
High throughput CORDIC-based systolic array design for the discrete cosine transform,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 3, June 1995, pp. 218-225.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Masaki, T., Morimoto, Y., Onoye, T., Shirakawa, I.,
VLSI implementation of inverse discrete cosine transformer and motion compensator for MPEG2 HDTV video decoding,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 5, October 1995, pp. 387-395.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Kok, C.W.,
Fast Algorithm for Computing Discrete Cosine Transform,
TSP(45), No. 3, March 1997, pp. 757-760. 9703
BibRef

Lee, Y.P., Chen, T.H., Chen, L.G., Chen, M.J., Ku, C.W.,
A Cost-Effective Architecture for 8x8 2-Dimensional DCT/IDCT Using Direct Method,
CirSysVideo(7), No. 3, June 1997, pp. 459-467.
IEEE Top Reference. 9706
BibRef

Kovacevic, J.,
Local Cosine Bases in Two Dimensions,
IP(6), No. 11, November 1997, pp. 1580-1583.
IEEE DOI Link 9710
BibRef

Uenohara, M., Kanade, T.,
Optimal Approximation of Uniformly Rotated Images: Relationship Between Karhunen-Loeve Expansion and Discrete Cosine Transform,
IP(7), No. 1, January 1998, pp. 116-119.
IEEE DOI Link 9801
BibRef

Park, R.H.[Rae-Hong],
Comments on 'Optimal Approximation of Uniformly Rotated Images: Relationship Between Karhunen-Loeve Expansion and Discrete Cosine Transform',
IP(11), No. 3, March 2002, pp. 332-334.
IEEE DOI Link 0203
BibRef

Xi, J.T., Chicharo, J.F.,
Computing Running Discrete Cosine/Sine Transforms Based on the Adaptive LMS Algorithm,
CirSysVideo(8), No. 1, February 1998, pp. 31-35.
IEEE Top Reference. 9803
BibRef

Wu, H.R., Man, Z.H.,
Comments on Fast Algorithms and Implementation of 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform,
CirSysVideo(8), No. 2, April 1998, pp. 128-129.
IEEE Top Reference. 9804
BibRef

Pao, I.M., Sun, M.T.,
Approximation of Calculations for Forward Discrete Cosine Transform,
CirSysVideo(8), No. 3, June 1998, pp. 264-268.
IEEE Top Reference. 9806
BibRef

Koc, U.V.[Ut-Va], Liu, K.J.R.[K. J. Ray],
DCT-based motion estimation method,
US_Patent5,790,686, Aug 4, 1998
WWW Version. BibRef 9808

Kresch, R., Merhav, N.,
Fast DCT Domain Filtering Using the DCT and the DST,
IP(8), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 821-833.
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9906

Merhav, N., Kresch, R.,
Approximate Convolution Using DCT Coefficient Multipliers,
CirSysVideo(8), No. 4, August 1998, pp. 378-385.
IEEE Top Reference. 9809
BibRef

Chung, K.L., Yan, W.L.,
On Matrix Factorizations for Recursive Pruned Discrete Cosine Transforms,
SP(68), No. 2, July 1998, pp. 175-182. 9809
BibRef

Fang, W.H., Hu, N.C., Shih, S.K.,
Recursive fast computation of the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform,
VISP(146), No. 1, February 1999, pp. 25. BibRef 9902

Strang, G.[Gilbert],
The Discrete Cosine Transform,
SIAM_Rev(41), No. 1, 1999, pp. 135-147. Theory and analysis of the DCT in its various forms.
WWW Version. BibRef 9900

Elnaggar, A., Alnuweiri, H.M.,
A New Multidimensional Recursive Architecture for Computing The Discrete Cosine Transform,
CirSysVideo(10), No. 1, February 2000, pp. 113.
IEEE Top Reference. 0003
BibRef

Chang, T.S., Kung, C.S., Jen, C.W.,
A Simple Processor Core Design for DCT/IDCT,
CirSysVideo(10), No. 3, April 2000, pp. 439-447.
IEEE Top Reference. 0004
BibRef

Al-Kachouh, Z., Bellanger, M.G.,
Fast DCT-Based Spatial Domain Interpolation of Blocks in Images,
IP(9), No. 4, April 2000, pp. 729-732.
IEEE DOI Link 0004
BibRef
Earlier:
Exact DCT-Based Spatial Domain Interpolation of Blocks in Images,
ICIP97(I: 897-900).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Al-Kachouh, Z., Bellanger, M.G.,
Efficient restoration technique for missing blocks in images,
CirSysVideo(13), No. 12, December 2003, pp. 1182-1186.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0402
BibRef

Harish, K.S., Prabhu, K.M.M.,
Fixed-point error analysis of two DCT algorithms,
VISP(147), No. 2, April 2000, pp. 131. 0005
BibRef

Tan, T.C.[Teng Chork], Bi, G.A.[Guo-An], Tan, H.N.[Han Ngee],
Fast recursive algorithms for 2-D discrete cosine transform,
SP(80), No. 9, September 2000, pp. 1917-1935. 0008
BibRef

Lam, E.Y., Goodman, J.W.,
A Mathematical Analysis of the DCT Coefficient Distributions for Images,
IP(9), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1661-1666.
IEEE DOI Link 0010
BibRef

Lam, E.Y.,
Analysis of the DCT Coefficient Distributions for Document Coding,
SPLetters(11), No. 2, February 2004, pp. 97-100.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0402
BibRef

Hsiao, S.F., Shiue, W.R., Tseng, J.M.,
Design and implementation of a novel linear-array DCT/IDCT processor with complexity of order log2N,
VISP(147), No. 5, October 2000, pp. 400-408. 0101
BibRef

Hsiao, S.F.[Shen-Fu], Shiue, W.R.[Wei-Ren],
A new hardware-efficient algorithm and architecture for computation of 2-D DCTs on a linear array,
CirSysVideo(11), No. 11, November 2001, pp. 1149-1159.
IEEE Top Reference. 0111
BibRef

Zeng, Y., Bi, G., Leyman, A.R.,
New algorithm for r-dimensional DCT-II,
VISP(148), No. 1 , February 2001, pp. 1-8. 0105
BibRef

Yin, R.X.[Rui-Xiang], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
A new fast algorithm for computing prime-Length DCT through cyclic convolutions,
SP(81), No. 5, May 2001, pp. 895-906.
HTML Version. 0105
BibRef

Mas Ribés, J.M., Simon, B., Macq, B.,
Combined Kohonen neural networks and discrete cosine transform method for iterated transformation theory,
SP:IC(16), No. 7, April 2001, pp. 643-656.
WWW Version. 0105
BibRef

Guo, J.I.[Jiun-In], Li, C.C.[Chih-Chen],
A generalized architecture for the one-dimensional discrete cosine and sine transforms,
CirSysVideo(11), No. 7, July 2001, pp. 874-881.
IEEE Top Reference. 0108
BibRef

Cheng, L.Z.[Li Zhi],
On computing the two-dimensional (2-D) type IV discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT-IV),
SPLetters(8), No. 8, August 2001, pp. 239-241.
IEEE Top Reference. Using the 1-D polynomial transform and the N length-M 1-D DCTs. Compared to the row-column method, this less than one-half the multiplications and fewer additions. 0109
BibRef

Cheng, L.Z., Zeng, Y.H.,
New fast algorithm for multidimensional type-IV DCT,
VISP(148), No. 4, August 2001, pp. 263-268. 0201
BibRef

Kountchev, R.[Roumen], Haese-Coat, V.[Véronique], Ronsin, J.[Joseph],
Inverse pyramidal decomposition with multiple DCT,
SP:IC(17), No. 2, February 2002, pp. 201-218.
WWW Version. 0201
BibRef

Liu, K.J.R., Chiu, C.T., Kolagotla, R.K., Jala, J.F.,
Optimal unified architectures for the real-time computation of time-recursive discrete sinusoidal transforms,
CirSysVideo(4), No. 2, April 1994, pp. 168-180.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Hsiao, S.F., Tseng, J.M.,
New matrix formulation for two-dimensional DCT/IDCT computation and its distributed-memory VLSI implementation,
VISP(149), No. 2, April 2002, pp. 97-107.
IEEE Top Reference. 0208
BibRef

de Queiroz, R.L.,
Variable complexity DCT approximations driven by an HVQ-based analyzer,
CirSysVideo(12), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 1021-1024.
IEEE Top Reference. 0301
BibRef

Pai, C.Y., Lynch, W.E., Al-Khalili, A.J.,
Low-power data-dependent 8x8 DCT/IDCT for video compression,
VISP(150), No. 4, August 2003, pp. 245-255.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

Gong, D., He, Y., Cao, Z.,
New Cost-Effective VLSI Implementation of a 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform and Its Inverse,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 405-415.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0407
BibRef

Guo, J.I., Ju, R.C., Chen, J.W.,
An Efficient 2-D DCT/IDCT Core Design Using Cyclic Convolution and Adder-Based Realization,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 416-428.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0407
BibRef

Lengwehasatit, K., Ortega, A.,
Scalable Variable Complexity Approximate Forward DCT,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 11, November 2004, pp. 1236-1248.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411
BibRef
Earlier:
DCT computation based on variable complexity fast approximations,
ICIP98(III: 95-99).
IEEE DOI Link 9810
BibRef

Pei, S.C.[Soo-Chang], Kao, M.P.[Meng-Ping],
Direct N-Point DCT Computation from Three Adjacent N/3-Point DCT Coefficients,
SPLetters(12), No. 2, February 2005, pp. 89-92.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0501
BibRef
Earlier: ICIP04(II: 1113-1116).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Chen, H.C., Guo, J.I., Chang, T.S., Jen, C.W.,
A Memory-Efficient Realization of Cyclic Convolution and Its Application to Discrete Cosine Transform,
CirSysVideo(15), No. 3, March 2005, pp. 445-453.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0501
BibRef

Lee, J., Vijaykrishnan, N., Irwin, M.J.,
Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform Architecture Exploiting Sparseness and Symmetry Properties,
CirSysVideo(16), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 655-662.
IEEE DOI Link 0605
BibRef

Nadarajah, S., Kotz, S.,
On the DCT Coefficient Distributions,
SPLetters(13), No. 10, October 2006, pp. 601-603.
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Pnkl, M., Virtanen, K., Paasio, A.,
An Analog 2-D DCT Processor,
CirSysVideo(16), No. 10, October 2006, pp. 1209-1216.
IEEE DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Khan, M.Z.A., Qadeer, S.A., Khan, M.Y.,
Fast Computation of Partial DFT for Comb Spectrum Evaluation,
SPLetters(13), No. 12, December 2006, pp. 721-724.
IEEE DOI Link 0701
BibRef

Xie, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Yang, T.,
A General Method for Detecting All-Zero Blocks Prior to DCT and Quantization,
CirSysVideo(17), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 237-241.
IEEE DOI Link 0702
BibRef

Shu, H., Bao, X., Toumoulin, C., Luo, L.,
Radix-3 Algorithm for the Fast Computation of Forward and Inverse MDCT,
SPLetters(14), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 93-96.
IEEE DOI Link 0703
BibRef

Au, K.M., Law, N.F., Siu, W.C.,
Unified feature analysis in JPEG and JPEG 2000-compressed domains,
PR(40), No. 7, July 2007, pp. 2049-2062.
WWW Version. 0704
Discrete cosine transform; Wavelet transform; JPEG; JPEG 2000; Feature extraction; Image retrieval; Significance map BibRef

Mansour, M.F.,
On the Optimization of Oversampled DFT Filter Banks,
SPLetters(14), No. 6, June 2007, pp. 389-392.
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Zhao, J.C.[Ju-Cheng], Saito, N.[Naoki], Wang, Y.[Yi],
PHLST5: A Practical and Improved Version of Polyharmonic Local Sine Transform,
JMIV(30), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 23-41.
Springer DOI Link 0801
BibRef

Kumaki, T.[Takeshi], Ishizaki, M.[Masakatsu], Koide, T.[Tetsushi], Mattausch, H.J.[Hans Jürgen], Kuroda, Y.[Yasuto], Noda, H.[Hideyuki], Dosaka, K.[Katsumi], Arimoto, K.[Kazutami], Saito, K.[Kazunori],
Acceleration of DCT Processing with Massive-Parallel Memory-Embedded SIMD Matrix Processor,
IEICE(E90-D), No. 8, August 2007, pp. 1312-1315.
WWW Version. 0708
BibRef

Hsu, H.W., Liu, C.M.,
Fast Radix-q and Mixed-Radix Algorithms for Type-IV DCT,
SPLetters(15), No. 1, 2008, pp. 910-913.
IEEE DOI Link 0901
See also Comments on Fast Radix-9 Algorithm for the DCT-IV Computation. BibRef

Narasimhan, S.V., Harish, M., Haripriya, A.R., Basumallick, N.[Nandini],
Discrete cosine harmonic wavelet transform and its application to signal compression and subband spectral estimation using modified group delay,
SIViP(3), No. 1, January 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0902
BibRef

Narasimhan, S.V., Basumallick, N.[Nandini], Chaitanya, R.[Ratana],
Improved phase estimation based on complete bispectrum and modified group delay,
SIViP(2), No. 3, September 2008, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0804
BibRef

An, S., Wang, C.,
Recursive algorithm, architectures and FPGA implementation of the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform,
IET-IPR(2), No. 6, December 2008, pp. 286-294.
WWW Version. 0905
BibRef

Li, H., Li, P., Wang, Y., Tang, Q., Gao, L.,
A New Decomposition Algorithm of DCT-IV/DST-IV for Realizing Fast IMDCT Computation,
SPLetters(16), No. 9, September 2009, pp. 735-738.
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Britanak, V.,
Comments on 'Fast Radix-9 Algorithm for the DCT-IV Computation',
SPLetters(16), No. 11, November 2009, pp. 1005-1006.
IEEE DOI Link 0909
See also Fast Radix-q and Mixed-Radix Algorithms for Type-IV DCT. BibRef

Reznik, Y.A.[Yuriy A.], Hsu, D.[De], Panda, P.[Prasanjit], Pillai, B.[Brijesh],
Low-Drift Fixed-Point 8X8 IDCT Approximationwith 8-Bit Transform Factors,
ICIP07(VI: 81-84).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Arnia, F.[Fitri], Iizuka, I.[Ikue], Fujiyoshi, M.[Masaaki], Kiya, H.[Hitoshi],
Fast Method for Joint Retrieval and Identification of JPEG Coded Images Based on DCT Sign,
ICIP07(II: 229-232).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Sung, T.Y.[Tze-Yun], Sun, M.J.[Mao-Jen], Shieh, Y.S.[Yaw-Shih], Hsin, H.C.[Hsi-Chin],
Memory-Efficiency and High-Speed Architectures for Forward and Inverse DCT with Multiplierless Operation,
PSIVT06(802-811).
Springer DOI Link 0612
BibRef

Chan, R.K.W.[Raymond K.W.], Lee, M.C.[Moon-Chuen],
Multiplierless Fast DCT Algorithms with Minimal Approximation Errors,
ICPR06(III: 921-925).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Kim, C.G.[Cheong-Ghil], Lee, S.J.[Su-Jin], Kim, S.D.[Shin-Dug],
2-D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on Meshes with Hierarchical Control Modes,
IbPRIA05(I:675).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Komatsu, K., Sezaki, K.,
2D Lossless Discrete Cosine Transform,
ICIP01(III: 466-469).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108
BibRef

Mietens, S., de With, P.H.N., Hentschel, C.,
New DCT Computation Algorithm for Video Quality Scaling,
ICIP01(III: 462-465).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108
BibRef

Pan, W.,
A Fast 2-D DCT Algorithm Via Distributed Arithmetic Optimization,
ICIP00(Vol III: 114-117).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008
BibRef

Corr, P., Hanna, P., Ming, J., Smith, F.J.,
Discrete Chebyshev Transform: a Natural Modification of the DCT,
ICPR00(Vol III: 1142-1145).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Itoh, Y., Cheung, N.M.,
Universal Variable Length Code for DCT Coding,
ICIP00(Vol I: 940-943).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008
BibRef

Martucci, S.,
Interpolation in the DST and DCT Domains,
ICIP00(Vol II: 339-342).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008
BibRef

Chiper, D.F.[Doru-Florin],
A Systolic Array Algorithm for An Efficient Unified Memory-based Implementation of the Inverse Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms,
ICIP99(II:764-768).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9900

Jiang, J.M.[Jian-Min],
A new and fast real-time implementation of 2-D DCT,
CIAP95(197-202).
Springer DOI Link 9509
BibRef

Potkonjak, M., Chandrakasan, A.,
Synthesis and selection of DCT algorithms using behavioral synthesis-based algorithm space exploration,
ICIP95(I: 65-68).
IEEE DOI Link 9510
BibRef

Srinivasan, V., Ray Liu, K.J.,
Full custom VLSI implementation of high-speed 2-D DCT/IDCT chip,
ICIP94(III: 606-610).
IEEE DOI Link 9411
BibRef

Kasperovich, L.V.[Leonid V.], Babkin, V.F.[Vladimir F.],
Fast discrete cosine transform approximation for JPEG image compression,
CAIP93(98-104).
Springer DOI Link 9309
BibRef

Chapter on 2-D Feature Analysis, Extraction and Representations, Shape, Skeletons, Texture continues in
Gabor Filters -- General .