7.3.2 Use of Skeletons for Recognition and Representation

Calabi, L., and Hartnett, W.E.,
Shape Recognition, Prairie Fires, Convex Deficiencies and Skeletons,
AMM(75), 1968, pp. 335-342. BibRef 6800

Maragos, P.A., Schafer, R.W.,
Morphological Skeleton Representation and Coding of Binary Images,
ASSP(34), October 1986, pp. 1228-1244. See also Two-Dimensional Linear Prediction and Its Application to Adaptive Predictive Coding of Images. BibRef 8610

Sinha, R.M.K.,
A Width-Independent Algorithm for Character Skeleton Estimation,
CVGIP(40), No. 3, December 1987, pp. 388-397.
WWW Version. BibRef 8712

Goutsias, J., Schonfeld, D.,
Morphological Representation of Discrete and Binary Images,
TSP(39), June 1991, pp. 1369-1379. See also Morphological Analysis of Discrete Random Shapes. BibRef 9106

Schonfeld, D., Goutsias, J.,
On the Morphological Representation of Binary Images in a Noisy Environment,
JVCIR(2), 1991, pp. 17-30. Restoration: See also Optimal Morphological Pattern Restoration from Noisy Binary Images. Representation: See also On the Invertibility of the Morphological Representation of Binary Images. BibRef 9100

Trahanias, P.E.,
Binary Shape Recognition Using the Morphological Skeleton Transform,
PR(25), No. 11, November 1992, pp. 1277-1288.
WWW Version. BibRef 9211

Mayya, N., Rijan, V.T.,
An Efficient Shape Representation Scheme Using Voronoi Skeletons,
PRL(16), No. 2, February 1995, pp. 147-160. BibRef 9502

Reinhardt, J.M., Higgins, W.E.,
Efficient Morphological Shape Representation,
IP(5), No. 1, January 1996, pp. 89-101.
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9601
Earlier:
Strategy for shape-based image analysis,
ICIP95(I: 502-505).
IEEE DOI Link 9510
BibRef
Earlier:
Flexible Search-Based Approach for Morphological Shape Decomposition,
SPIE(2094), Visual Communication, Boston, November 1993, pp. 1424-1435. Shape Representation. BibRef

Reinhardt, J.M., Higgins, W.E.,
Comparison Between the Morphological Skeleton and Morphological Shape Decomposition,
PAMI(18), No. 9, September 1996, pp. 951-957.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9609
Earlier:
Automatic generation of image-segmentation processes,
ICIP94(III: 791-795).
IEEE DOI Link 9411
Morphology. BibRef

Chen, S.S., Shih, F.Y.,
Skeletonization for Fuzzy Degraded Character Images,
IP(5), No. 10, October 1996, pp. 1481-1485.
IEEE DOI Link 9610
OCR. BibRef

Abe, K., Arcelli, C., Hisajima, T., Ibaraki, T.,
Parts of Planar Shapes,
PR(29), No. 10, October 1996, pp. 1703-1711.
WWW Version. Shape Decomposition. BibRef 9610

Ahuja, N., Chuang, J.H.[Jen-Hui],
Shape Representation Using a Generalized Potential-Field Model,
PAMI(19), No. 2, February 1997, pp. 169-176.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9703
Efficient derivation of the MAT using a potential field model. See also Skeletonization of Three-Dimensional Object Using Generalized Potential Field. BibRef

Amenta, N.[Nina], Bern, M.[Marshall], Eppstein, D.[David],
The Crust and the -Skeleton: Combinatorial Curve Reconstruction,
GMIP(60), No. 2, March 1998, pp. 125-135. BibRef 9803

Rocha, J., Bernardino, R.,
Singularities and Regularities on Line Pictures via Symmetrical Trapezoids,
PAMI(20), No. 4, April 1998, pp. 391-395.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9806
BibRef
Earlier: ICDAR97(Poste) 9708
Generate a skeleton of the character using pieces of ribbons. BibRef

Foresti, G.L., Regazzoni, C.S.,
Statistical morphological skeleton for representing and coding noisy shapes,
VISP(146), No. 2, April 1999, pp. 85. BibRef 9904

Regazzoni, C.S., Foresti, G.L., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.,
3D pose estimation and shape coding of moving objects based on statistical morphological skeleton,
ICIP95(III: 612-615).
IEEE DOI Link 9510
BibRef
Earlier:
Shape representation from image sequences by using binary statistical morphology,
ICIP94(II: 106-110).
IEEE DOI Link 9411
BibRef

Mukherjee, J.[Jayanta], Kumar, M.A.[M. Aswatha], Das, P.P., Chatterji, B.N.,
Fast computation of cross-sections of 3D objects from their Medial Axis Transforms,
PRL(21), No. 6-7, June 2000, pp. 605-613. 0006
BibRef

Mukherjee, J., Kumar, M.A.[M. Aswatha], Das, P.P., Chatterji, B.N.,
Use of medial axis transforms for computing normals at boundary points,
PRL(23), No. 14, December 2002, pp. 1649-1656.
HTML Version. 0208
BibRef

Cloppet, F.[Florence], Oliva, J.M.[Jean-Michel], Stamon, G.[George],
Angular Bisector Network, a Simplified Generalized Voronoi Diagram: Application to Processing Complex Intersections in Biomedical Images,
PAMI(22), No. 1, January 2000, pp. 120-128.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0003
Generating descriptions of shapes (e.g. cells) where there are overlaps. BibRef

El-Kwae, E.A.[Essam A.], Kabuka, M.R.[Mansur R.],
Binary object representation and recognition using the Hilbert morphological skeleton transform,
PR(33), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1621-1636.
WWW Version. 0006
BibRef

Kégl, B.[Balazs], Krzyzak, A.[Adam],
Piecewise Linear Skeletonization Using Principal Curves,
PAMI(24), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 59-74.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0201
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR00(Vol III: 131-134).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
OCR BibRef

Pizer, S.M.[Stephen M.],
Guest Editorial Medial and Medical: A Good Match for Image Analysis,
IJCV(55), No. 2-3, November-December 2003, pp. 79-84.
WWW Version. 0310
BibRef

Pizer, S.M.[Stephen M.], Fletcher, P.T.[P. Thomas], Joshi, S.C.[Sarang C.], Thall, A.[Andrew], Chen, J.Z.[James Z.], Fridman, Y.[Yonatan], Fritsch, D.S.[Daniel S.], Gash, A.G.[A. Graham], Glotzer, J.M.[John M.], Jiroutek, M.R.[Michael R.], Lu, C.L.[Cong-Lin], Muller, K.E.[Keith E.], Tracton, G.[Gregg], Yushkevich, P.A.[Paul A.], Chaney, E.L.[Edward L.],
Deformable M-Reps for 3D Medical Image Segmentation,
IJCV(55), No. 2-3, November-December 2003, pp. 85-106.
WWW Version. 0310
BibRef

Fletcher, P.T., Lu, C., Pizer, S.M., Joshi, S.C.,
Principal Geodesic Analysis for the Study of Nonlinear Statistics of Shape,
MedImg(23), No. 8, August 2004, pp. 995-1005.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0409
BibRef

Fletcher, P.T.[P. Thomas], Venkatasubramanian, S.[Suresh], Joshi, S.C.[Sarang C.],
Robust statistics on Riemannian manifolds via the geometric median,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Fletcher, P.T., Lu, C.L.[Cong-Lin], Joshi, S.C.,
Statistics of shape via principal geodesic analysis on lie groups,
CVPR03(I: 95-101).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0307
medial descriptions are in fact elements of a Lie group. Use this to design recognition method. BibRef

Pizer, S.M.[Stephen M.], Fletcher, P.T.[P. Thomas], Thall, A.[Andrew], Styner, M.[Martin], Gerig, G.[Guido], Joshi, S.C.[Sarang C.],
Object models in multiscale intrinsic coordinates via m-reps,
IVC(21), No. 1, January 2003, pp. 5-15.
WWW Version. 0301
BibRef

Styner, M.[Martin], Gerig, G.[Guido], Joshi, S.C.[Sarang C.], Pizer, S.M.[Stephen M.],
Automatic and Robust Computation of 3D Medial Models Incorporating Object Variability,
IJCV(55), No. 2-3, November-December 2003, pp. 107-122.
WWW Version. 0310
BibRef

Lu, C.L.[Cong-Lin], Pizer, S.M.[Stephen M.], Joshi, S.C.[Sarang C.], Jeong, J.Y.[Ja-Yeon],
Statistical Multi-Object Shape Models,
IJCV(75), No. 3, December 2007, pp. 387-404.
Springer DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Gorczowski, K.[Kevin], Styner, M.[Martin], Jeong, J.Y.[Ja-Yeon], Marron, J.S., Piven, J.[Joseph], Hazlett, H.C.[Heather Cody], Pizer, S.M.[Stephen M.], Gerig, G.[Guido],
Statistical Shape Analysis of Multi-Object Complexes,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0706
BibRef

di Ruberto, C.[Cecilia],
Recognition of shapes by attributed skeletal graphs,
PR(37), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 21-31.
WWW Version. 0311
BibRef

Sebastian, T.B.[Thomas B.], Klein, P.N.[Philip N.], Kimia, B.B.[Benjamin B.],
Recognition of shapes by editing their shock graphs,
PAMI(26), No. 5, May 2004, pp. 550-571.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0404
BibRef
Earlier:
Recognition of Shapes by Editing Shock Graphs,
ICCV01(I: 755-762).
IEEE DOI Link 0106
BibRef
Earlier:
Alignment-Based Recognition of Shape Outlines,
VF01(606 ff.).
HTML Version. 0209
Variant of MAT. Use for recognition. BibRef

Torsello, A.[Andrea], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
A Skeletal Measure of 2D Shape Similarity,
CVIU(95), No. 1, July 2004, pp. 1-29.
WWW Version. 0407
BibRef
Earlier: VF01(260 ff.).
HTML Version. 0209
See also Learning Shape-Classes Using a Mixture of Tree-Unions. BibRef

Torsello, A.[Andrea], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Correcting Curvature-Density Effects in the Hamilton-Jacobi Skeleton,
IP(15), No. 4, April 2006, pp. 877-891.
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef
Earlier:
Curvature correction of the Hamilton-Jacobi skeleton,
CVPR03(I: 828-834).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0307
BibRef
And:
Curvature Dependent Skeletonization,
SCIA03(200-207).
WWW Version. 0310
BibRef
And: ICIP03(I: 337-340).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0312
BibRef

Torsello, A.[Andrea], Robles-Kelly, A.[Antonio], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Discovering Shape Classes using Tree Edit-Distance and Pairwise Clustering,
IJCV(72), No. 3, May 2007, pp. 259-285.
Springer DOI Link 0702
Shape classes from shock trees. Transform the tree edit distance problem into a series of maximum weight clique problems. Relaxation labeling to find solution. See also Graph embedding using tree edit-union. BibRef

Luo, B., Robles-Kelly, A., Torsello, A., Wilson, R.C., Hancock, E.R.,
Discovering Shape Categories by Clustering Shock Trees,
CAIP01(152-160).
HTML Version. 0210
BibRef
And:
Learning Shape Categories by Clustering Shock Trees,
ICIP01(III: 672-675).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108
BibRef

Damon, J.N.[James N.],
Determining the Geometry of Boundaries of Objects from Medial Data,
IJCV(63), No. 1, June 2005, pp. 45-64.
Springer DOI Link 0501
A region with a smooth boundary and a medial axis, determine the region. BibRef

Damon, J.N.[James N.],
On the Smoothness and Geometry of Boundaries Associated to Skeletal Structures I: Sufficient Conditions for Smoothness,
Annales Inst. Fourier(53), 2003, pp. 1941-1985. BibRef 0300

Damon, J.N.[James N.],
Tree Structure for Contractible Regions in R3,
IJCV(74), No. 2, August 2007, pp. 103-116.
Springer DOI Link 0705
Derive Blum medial axis, attach parts along fin curves. BibRef

Mosorov, V.[Volodymyr],
A main stem concept for image matching,
PRL(26), No. 8, June 2005, pp. 1105-1117.
WWW Version. 0506
The main stem is a global image feature defined as a tree of reduced components without redundant and noise components. BibRef

Yushkevich, P.A.[Paul A.], Zhang, H.[Hui], Gee, J.C.[James C.],
Continuous Medial Representation for Anatomical Structures,
MedImg(25), No. 12, December 2006, pp. 1547-1564.
IEEE DOI Link 0701
BibRef

Yushkevich, P.A.[Paul A.], Zhang, H.[Hui], Simon, T.J.[Tony J.], Gee, J.C.[James C.],
Structure-Specific Statistical Mapping of White Matter Tracts using the Continuous Medial Representation,
MMBIA07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Tang, Y.Y.[Yuan Yan], You, X.[Xinge],
Skeletonization of ribbon-like shapes based on a new wavelet function,
PAMI(25), No. 9, September 2003, pp. 1118-1133.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0309
Finding the two parallel sides. BibRef

You, X.[Xinge], Tang, Y.Y.[Yuan Yan],
Wavelet-Based Approach to Character Skeleton,
IP(16), No. 5, May 2007, pp. 1220-1231.
IEEE DOI Link 0704
BibRef

You, X.[Xinge], Fang, B.[Bin], Tang, Y.Y.[Yuan Yan],
Wavelet-Based Approach for Skeleton Extraction,
WACV05(I: 228-233).
WWW Version. 0502
BibRef

You, X.[Xinge], Tang, Y.Y.[Yuan Y.], Zhang, W.P.[Wei-Peng], Sun, L.[Lu],
Skeletonization of Character Based on Wavelet Transform,
CAIP03(140-148).
WWW Version. 0311
BibRef

Prasad, L.[Lakshman],
Rectification of the chordal axis transform skeleton and criteria for shape decomposition,
IVC(25), No. 10, 1 October 2007, pp. 1557-1571.
WWW Version. 0709
Shape; Delaunay triangulation; Chordal axis; Medial axis; Skeleton; Shape decomposition; Co-circularity; Shape graph; Grouping BibRef

Demirci, M.F.[M. Fatih], Shokoufandeh, A.[Ali], Dickinson, S.J.[Sven J.],
Skeletal Shape Abstraction from Examples,
PAMI(31), No. 5, May 2009, pp. 944-952.
IEEE DOI Link 0903
Learning an abstract shape prototype using medial axis graphs. BibRef

Levinshtein, A.[Alex], Sminchisescu, C.[Cristian], Dickinson, S.J.[Sven J.],
Learning Hierarchical Shape Models from Examples,
EMMCVPR05(251-267).
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

van Eede, M., Macrini, D., Telea, A., Sminchisescu, C., Dickinson, S.J.,
Canonical Skeletons for Shape Matching,
ICPR06(II: 64-69).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Telea, A., Sminchisescu, C.[Cristian], Dickinson, S.J.[Sven J.],
Optimal inference for hierarchical skeleton abstraction,
ICPR04(IV: 19-22).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Ramanan, D.[Deva], Sminchisescu, C.[Cristian],
Training Deformable Models for Localization,
CVPR06(I: 206-213).
IEEE DOI Link 0606
BibRef

Ito, M.,
On the Properties of Morphological Skeletons of Discrete Binary Image Using Double Structuring Elements,
Southwest06(26-30).
IEEE DOI Link 0603
BibRef

Brostow, G.J.[Gabriel J.], Essa, I.A.[Irfan A.], Steedly, D.[Drew], Kwatra, V.[Vivek],
Novel Skeletal Representation for Articulated Creatures,
ECCV04(Vol III: 66-78).
WWW Version. 0405
Build on skeletons. BibRef

Dawoud, A., Kamel, M.,
New approach for the skeletonization of handwritten characters in gray-scale images,
ICDAR03(1233-1237).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311
BibRef

di Ruberto, C.,
Attributed skeletal graphs for shape modelling and matching,
CIAP03(554-559).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310
BibRef

He, L.[Lei], Han, C.Y., Wang, X.[Xun], Li, X.K.[Xiao-Kun], Wee, W.G.,
A skeleton based shape matching and recovery approach,
ICIP02(III: 789-792).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210
BibRef

Rabatel, G.[Gilles], Manh, A.G.[Anne-Gaëlle], Aldon, M.J.[Marie-José], Bonicelli, B.[Bernard],
Skeleton-Based Shape Models with Pressure Forces: Application to Segmentation of Overlapping Leaves,
VF01(249 ff.).
HTML Version. 0209
BibRef

Vidal, S.F.[Sara Fernandez], Bardinet, E.[Eric], Malandain, G.[Gregoire], Damas, S.[Sergio], de la Blanca Capilla, N.P.[Nicolas Pérez],
Object Representation and Comparison Inferred from Its Medial Axis,
ICPR00(Vol I: 712-715).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Jaillet, F., Doudane, Y.G.[Y. Ghamri], Melkemi, M., Baskurt, A.,
Adaptive Contour Sampling and Coding Using Skeleton and Curvature,
ICIP00(Vol II: 899-902).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008
BibRef

Syrjasuo, M.T., Pulkkinen, T.I.,
Determining the skeletons of the auroras,
CIAP99(1063-1066).
IEEE DOI Link 9909
BibRef

Choras, R.S.[Ryszard S.],
Image coding by morphological skeleton transformation,
CAIP93(216-222).
Springer DOI Link 9309
BibRef

Chapter on 2-D Feature Analysis, Extraction and Representations, Shape, Skeletons, Texture continues in
MAT, Skeletons in Three Dimensions .